TY - JOUR T1 - Oncolytic Viruses: An Inventory of Shedding Data from Clinical Trials and Elements for the Environmental Risk Assessment. JF - Vaccines (Basel) Y1 - 2023 A1 - Sheela Onnockx ED - Aline Baldo ED - Katia Pauwels KW - biosafety KW - cancer KW - Clinical trials KW - environmental risk assessment KW - oncolytic virus KW - shedding AB -

Attenuated and/or genetically modified oncolytic viruses (OV) gain increasing interest as a promising approach for cancer therapy. Beside the assessment of subject safety, quality and efficacy aspects of medicinal products for human use, genetically modified viruses are also governed by EU regulatory frameworks requiring an environmental risk assessment (ERA). An important element to be assessed as part of the ERA is the incidence of exposure to OV of individuals, other than the trial subjects, and the environment. The evidence-based evaluation of shedding data is considered to be decisive in that context, as it may impact the OV capacity to be transmitted. This is particularly true for OV still able to (conditionally) replicate as opposed to replication-defective viral vectors commonly used in gene therapy or vaccination. To our knowledge, this article presents the most extensive and up-to-date review of shedding data reported with OV employed in clinics. Besides the identification of a topical need for improving the collection of shedding data, this article aims at providing an aid to the design of an appropriate shedding study, thereby relying on and further complementing principles described in existing guidelines issued by European and international institutions.

VL - 11 CP - 9 M3 - 10.3390/vaccines11091448 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Beheer van biologisch besmet afval afkomstig van activiteiten van ingeperkt gebruik van genetisch gemodificeerde en/of pathogene organismen: Richtlijnen en aanbevelingen. Y1 - 2021 A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - Emilie Descamps A1 - Chuong Dai Do Thi A1 - Amaya Leunda A1 - Nicolas Willemarck KW - biosafety KW - management KW - Waste AB -

Het ingeperkt gebruik van genetisch gemodificeerde organismen (GGO's) en/of pathogenen genereert verschillende soorten afval. Overeenkomstig de gewestelijke wetgevingen inzake ingeperkt gebruik moeten biologisch afval en/of biologische residu’s volgens een geschikte en gevalideerde methode worden geïnactiveerd en op zodanige wijze worden verwijderd dat ze geen gevaar meer vormen voor de menselijke gezondheid en het leefmilieu. Deze gewestelijke wetgevingen vereisen ook dat het besmet materiaal vóór het schoonmaken, hergebruik en/of vernietiging geïnactiveerd wordt. Tenslotte is in sommige gevallen inactivering vereist van de effluenten van de wasbakken en douches (afvalwater) vóór de definitieve verwijdering. Voor de meeste afvalstoffen die ontstaan als gevolg van activiteiten van ingeperkt gebruik bestaan er specifieke wetgevingen die bijkomende voorwaarden voor de inactivering en verwijdering van de afvalstoffen opleggen. Zij vormen dus een aanvulling op de gewestelijke wetgevingen inzake ingeperkt gebruik van GGO's en/of pathogenen. Biologisch afval kan bovendien ook andere risico's inhouden: mechanisch risico (aanwezigheid van scherpe, snijdende en prikkende voorwerpen), radioactief risico, chemisch risico, ... Voor een goed afvalbeheer moet rekening worden gehouden met de verschillende soorten risico's. Het doel van dit document is het geven van een overzicht van de wettelijke verplichtingen die van toepassing zijn op verschillende soorten biologisch afval en/of biologische residu’s van inrichtingen waar activiteiten van ingeperkt gebruik worden uitgevoerd, d.w.z. laboratoria, animalaria, serres of kweekkamers, ziekenkamers of grootschalige productiefaciliteiten. De meest courant gebruikte methoden voor de behandeling van biologisch afval en/of biologische residu’s worden eveneens in dit document beschreven. Tenslotte worden aanbevelingen geformuleerd betreffende de voorwaarden voor het sorteren, verpakken, inzamelen en transport van afval ontstaan als gevolg van het ingeperkte gebruik van GGO's en/of pathogenen. Specifieke overwegingen die geval per geval van toepassing zijn, worden opgenomen in de adviezen van de SBB over de bioveiligheidsdossiers en in de toelatingen verleend door de gewesten. De aanbevelingen die in dit document worden geformuleerd, vervangen geenszins de specifieke bepalingen die in de adviezen van de SBB zijn opgenomen. Afval van activiteiten van ingeperkt gebruik wordt beschouwd als medisch afval en wordt in de praktijk op dezelfde manier behandeld als deze laatste. Deze afvalstoffen worden in twee categorieën onderverdeeld naargelang zij al dan niet een infectieus risico inhouden (bijlage 1). Voor elke categorie afval gelden specifieke maatregelen voor de verpakking en de definitieve verwijdering ervan. Afval dat een infectieus risico inhoudt moet worden gedeponeerd in specifieke verpakkingen (zie hoofdstuk over sorteren van afval en verpakkingseisen) en worden opgehaald door een erkende firma voor verbranding als gevaarlijk afval. Sommige afvalstoffen die een infectieus risico inhouden, kunnen of moeten ter plaatse worden geïnactiveerd voordat zij worden afgevoerd. Sommige geïnactiveerde afvalstoffen kunnen vervolgens beschouwd worden als medisch afval dat geen infectieus risico inhoudt. Dit afval moet verbrand worden. Het type verpakking en de verbrandingsomstandigheden (type oven, temperatuur, ...) zijn minder streng dan voor afval dat een infectieus risico inhoudt (zie hoofdstuk over sorteren van afval en verpakkingseisen). Een mengsel van afvalstoffen die een infectieus risico inhouden en afvalstoffen die geen infectieus risico inhouden, wordt beschouwd als een mengsel met een infectieus risico (hoogste risiconiveau).

PB - Sciensano CY - Belgium, Brussels ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Environmental Risk Assessment of Recombinant Viral Vector Vaccines against SARS-Cov-2 JF - Vaccines Y1 - 2021 A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - Amaya Leunda A1 - Nicolas Willemarck A1 - Katia Pauwels VL - 9 CP - 5 M3 - 10.3390/vaccines9050453 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Risk Classification of Zoonotic Microorganisms: Development of a One Health Approach Tool Applied to HPAI A H5N1 Viruses JF - Applied Biosafety Y1 - 2018 A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - Sarah Welby A1 - Chuong Dai Do Thi A1 - Amaya Leunda A1 - Philippe Herman A1 - Didier Breyer M3 - 10.1177/1535676018799094 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosafety considerations for attenuated measles virus vectors used in virotherapy and vaccination. JF - Hum Vaccin Immunother Y1 - 2016 A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - Galanis, Evanthia A1 - Tangy, Frédéric A1 - Philippe Herman KW - Animals KW - Containment of Biohazards KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Humans KW - Measles KW - Measles Vaccine KW - Measles virus KW - Membrane Cofactor Protein KW - mice KW - Oncolytic Virotherapy KW - Vaccination KW - Vaccines, Attenuated KW - Virus Internalization AB -

Attenuated measles virus (MV) is one of the most effective and safe vaccines available, making it attractive candidate vector to prevent infectious diseases. Attenuated MV have acquired the ability to use the complement regulator CD46 as a major receptor to mediate virus entry and intercellular fusion. Therefore, attenuated MV strains preferentially infect and destroy a wide variety of cancer cells making them also attractive oncolytic vectors. The use of recombinant MV vector has to comply with various regulatory requirements, particularly relating to the assessment of potential risks for human health and the environment. The present article highlights the main characteristics of MV and recombinant MV vectors used for vaccination and virotherapy and discusses these features from a biosafety point of view.

VL - 12 CP - 5 U1 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26631840?dopt=Abstract M3 - 10.1080/21645515.2015.1122146 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Bio-incident notification as a tool to enhance biosafety Y1 - 2015 A1 - Emilie Descamps A1 - Nicolas Willemarck A1 - Chuong Dai Do Thi A1 - Amaya Leunda A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - Philippe Herman KW - a KW - additional KW - an KW - AS KW - assessment KW - Awareness KW - Belgian KW - Belgium KW - bioincidents KW - biosafety KW - Biotechnology KW - cause KW - causes KW - Communication KW - compliance KW - conference KW - Context KW - conventional KW - data KW - developing KW - duration KW - European KW - EVALUATION KW - evidence KW - evidence based KW - evidence-based KW - Gain KW - good laboratory practice KW - health KW - incident KW - INFECTION KW - infections KW - Infectious KW - Institute KW - institution KW - IS KW - IT KW - KNOWLEDGE KW - Laboratories KW - Laboratory-acquired KW - LAI KW - Lead KW - management KW - measure KW - measures KW - Notification KW - ON KW - Practice KW - PRACTICES KW - public KW - public health KW - Public-health KW - report KW - reports KW - Requirements KW - risk KW - Risk Assessment KW - SBB KW - survey KW - training KW - Waste KW - WIV-ISP KW - worker KW - Workers AB -

To gain insight into possible underlying causes of laboratory-acquired infections (LAIs), the Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit (SBB) of the Belgian Scientific Institute of Public Health (WIV-ISP) has recently conducted an online survey concerning LAIs over whole Belgium (

JF - 1 18th Annual Conference of the European Biosafety Association PB - NA CY - NA CP - EBSA U1 - 5115 U2 - 22-24 April 2015 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Laboratory-acquired infections in Belgium (2007-2012): an online survey Y1 - 2015 A1 - Nicolas Willemarck A1 - Bernadette Van Vaerenbergh A1 - Emilie Descamps A1 - Brosius,B. A1 - Chuong Dai Do Thi A1 - Amaya Leunda A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - Philippe Herman KW - an KW - Belgium KW - INFECTION KW - infections KW - Laboratory-acquired AB - On request of the FlemishAgency for Care and Health, Public Health Surveillance, the Biosafety and Biotechnology Unit (SBB), which belongs to the Scientific Institute of Public Health, developed asurvey in the interest of mapping and evaluating the risk for "laboratory-acquired infections" (LAIs) related to bio-incidents with pathogenic organisms (genetically modified or not) in Flanders over the last 5 years (2007-2012). This timeframe was chosen in order to connect this survey report to a similar survey that was conducted by Ghent University in Flanders over the period 2001 to 2006 (1).Bio-incidents are defined as allirregularitiesthat occurwhile handling pathogenic organisms. They can be caused by human errors or technical failure.The term "laboratory-acquired infections" or LAIs refers to all direct or indirect human infections with or without the onset of symptoms following exposure to pathogenic organisms in a biological laboratory.According to the Belgian legislation on the protection of workers against biological agents at work, any accident or incident which may have resulted in the release of biological agents and which can cause an infection or serious illness in humans has to be notified to the authorities. However, while a certain number of papers on LAIs in the US and Europe has been published in scientific literature, very few data are available regarding their incidence in Belgium.The aim of this survey was to gather information on bio-incidents and LAIs in biological laboratories in the Flemish region and to gain insight into the possible underlying causes in order to provide biosafety officers, prevention officers and occupational health practitioners with tools that can enhance biological safety in the laboratory. PB - WIV-ISP CY - Brussels SN - D/2015/2505/08 U1 - 5755 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Novel GMO-Based Vaccines against Tuberculosis: State of the Art and Biosafety Considerations. JF - Vaccines (Basel) Y1 - 2014 A1 - Amaya Leunda A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - Goossens, Martine A1 - Huygen, Kris A1 - Philippe Herman A1 - Marta Romano AB -

Novel efficient vaccines are needed to control tuberculosis (TB), a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Several TB vaccine candidates are currently in clinical and preclinical development. They fall into two categories, the one of candidates designed as a replacement of the Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) to be administered to infants and the one of sub-unit vaccines designed as booster vaccines. The latter are designed as vaccines that will be administered to individuals already vaccinated with BCG (or in the future with a BCG replacement vaccine). In this review we provide up to date information on novel tuberculosis (TB) vaccines in development focusing on the risk assessment of candidates composed of genetically modified organisms (GMO) which are currently evaluated in clinical trials. Indeed, these vaccines administered to volunteers raise biosafety concerns with respect to human health and the environment that need to be assessed and managed.

VL - 2 CP - 2 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26344627?dopt=Abstract M3 - 10.3390/vaccines2020463 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Risk assessment for contained use of GMOs Y1 - 2014 A1 - Chuong Dai Do Thi A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - Emilie Descamps A1 - Amaya Leunda A1 - Bernadette Van Vaerenbergh A1 - Nicolas Willemarck ED - OMICS Group KW - a KW - accident KW - Activity KW - an KW - assessment KW - Biotechnology KW - Case KW - Class KW - classification KW - Congresses KW - consequences KW - Contained use KW - containment KW - Development KW - effect KW - environment KW - exposure KW - genetically KW - Genetically modified KW - Genetically modified organism KW - Genetically modified organisms KW - GMO KW - GMOs KW - health KW - Human KW - human health KW - identification KW - implementation KW - IS KW - IT KW - Lead KW - management KW - measure KW - measures KW - methodology KW - Molecular KW - occurrence KW - ON KW - pathogenicity KW - Practice KW - PRACTICES KW - prevention KW - probability KW - PROCESSES KW - protection KW - Research KW - risk KW - Risk Assessment KW - risks KW - SAFETY KW - scale KW - severity KW - specific KW - Technique KW - toxicity KW - use KW - Vector KW - Waste KW - work KW - world AB - With the development of modern biotechnology, more and more research projectsare conductedwith molecular biological techniques involving genetically modified organisms (GMOs).However working with GMOs can have potential negative consequences for human health and the environment in case of misuse or accident; therefore it requires the adoption of specific containment, protective measures and safe work practices.For each contained use, the precise nature and scale of risks are not fully known in advance and the risk involved must be assessed on a case-by-case basis.Biological risk assessment is a process that includes the identification, the probability of occurrence and the severity of a potential negative effect on human health or the environment associated with a specific use of a GMO. A known risk will lead to the implementation of appropriate prevention measures. The biological risk assessment methodology is based principally on the 3 following stages: Identification of potential harmful properties of the GMO by considering the characteristics of the host, vector and donor sequences those are potentially hazardous like pathogenicity or toxicity. This leads to allocate the GMO to an initial class of risk (class 1 to class 4). Assessment of the exposure taking into account the nature and scale of the activity. Determination of final risk classification of the activity which will lead to the adoption of adequate containment measures. The risk assessment leads to the determination of containment measures and other protection measures (working practices, safety equipment and biological waste management) to be adopted. JF - 5th World Congress on Biotechnology CP - OMICS Group U1 - 38697 U2 - 25-27/06/2014 ER - TY - Generic T1 - Biosafety Assessment and Management of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Mutant Viruses Y1 - 2013 A1 - Aline Baldo KW - a KW - assessment KW - biosafety KW - conference KW - H5N1 KW - INFLUENZA KW - management KW - pathogenic KW - Viruses JF - 16 th Annual EBSA Conference PB - NA CY - NA CP - European Biosafety Association (EBSA) U1 - 38486 U2 - 19-20/06/2013 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosafety of Gene Therapy Vectors Derived From Herpes Simplex Virus Type 14581 JF - Current Gene Therapy Y1 - 2013 A1 - Lim,F. A1 - Khalique,H. A1 - Ventosa,M. A1 - Aline Baldo KW - a KW - Absence KW - adverse effects KW - application KW - AS KW - assessment KW - Belgium KW - biosafety KW - Case KW - Cell KW - clinic KW - Clinical KW - clinical trial KW - Clinical trials KW - Context KW - Disorder KW - Disorders KW - dissemination KW - Dna KW - editorial KW - effect KW - effects KW - environment KW - environmental risk assessment KW - Functional KW - gene KW - gene therapy KW - gene transfer KW - genomic KW - Genomics KW - Hand KW - Human KW - Humans KW - interaction KW - interactions KW - Interference KW - IS KW - IT KW - lifetime KW - MVA KW - neurological KW - Neurons KW - ON KW - Paper KW - recombinant vector KW - recombination KW - REVIEW KW - risk KW - Risk Assessment KW - risks KW - SAFETY KW - SBB KW - Smallpox KW - specific KW - strain KW - System KW - Therapy KW - Transgene KW - Type KW - use KW - Vaccination KW - vaccine KW - Vaccinia KW - vaccinia virus KW - Vector KW - viral vector KW - VIRUS AB - The majority of humans have been infected with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (HSV-1) and harbor its viral DNA in the latent form within neurons for lifetime. This, combined with the absence of serious adverse effects due to HSV-1 derived vectors in clinical trials so far, highlight the potential to use this virus to develop neuronal gene transfer vectors which are transparent to the host, allowing the effects of the transgene to act without interference from the transfer system eg., for functional genomics in basic neuroscience or gene therapy of neurological disorders. On the other hand, other HSV-1 derived vectors which also have a promising perspective in the clinic, are designed to have enhanced cytotoxicity in certain cell types, as in the case of oncolytic vectors. Understanding virus-host interactions is fundamental not only to the success of these gene therapy vectors but also with respect to identifying and minimizing biohazards associated with their use. In this review we discuss characteristics of HSV-1 and gene therapy vectors derived from this virus which are useful to consider in the context of biosafety risk assessment and risk management. VL - 13 SN - 1875-5631 CP - 6 U1 - 38803 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Biosafety risk assessment and management of laboratory-derived influenza A (H5N1) viruses transmissible in ferrets JF - Applied Biosafety Y1 - 2013 A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - Amaya Leunda A1 - Chuong Dai Do Thi A1 - Didier Breyer A1 - Katia Pauwels A1 - Sarah Welby A1 - Van Vaerenbergh, Bernadette A1 - Philippe Herman KW - biosafety KW - Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus KW - Risk Assessment AB - Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A (H5N1) viruses occasionally infect humans, but currently do not transmit efficiently among them. However, the risk for human pandemic influenza is a major concern should these viruses acquire the capacity for human-to-human transmission and retain their current virulence. Recently, two research teams have succeeded in modifying HPAI A (H5N1) viruses in such a way that they could be efficiently transmitted by respiratory route between ferrets, the experimental model for studying influenza virus transmission. In this article, the authors discuss the risk assessment of these mutant HPAI A (H5N1) viruses in the context of the European Union regulatory framework and recommend that laboratory-derived HPAI A (H5N1) viruses transmissible in ferrets should be handled in biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) facilities with some additional biosafety measures. VL - 18 CP - 1 M3 - http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/153567601301800102 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - General considerations on the biosafety of virus-derived vectors used in gene therapy and vaccination. JF - Curr Gene Ther Y1 - 2013 A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - van den Akker, Eric A1 - Bergmans, Hans E A1 - Lim, Filip A1 - Katia Pauwels KW - Animals KW - Clinical Trials as Topic KW - Genetic Therapy KW - Genetic Vectors KW - Hazardous Substances KW - Humans KW - Organisms, Genetically Modified KW - Risk Assessment KW - Vaccination KW - Viruses AB -

This introductory paper gathers general considerations on the biosafety of virus-derived vectors that are used in human gene therapy and/or vaccination. The importance to assess the potential risks for human health and the environment related to the use of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in this case genetically modified viral vectors is highlighted by several examples. This environmental risk assessment is one of the requirements within the European regulatory framework covering the conduct of clinical trials using GMO. Risk assessment methodologies for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified virus-derived vectors have been developed.

VL - 13 CP - 6 U1 - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24195604?dopt=Abstract M3 - 10.2174/15665232113136660005 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Laboratory activities involving transmissible spongiform encephalopathy causing agents: risk assessment and biosafety recommendations in Belgium. JF - Prion Y1 - 2013 A1 - Amaya Leunda A1 - Van Vaerenbergh, Bernadette A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - S. Roels A1 - Philippe Herman KW - Animals KW - Belgium KW - Cattle KW - Clinical Laboratory Services KW - Encephalopathy, Bovine Spongiform KW - Humans KW - Prion Diseases KW - Prions KW - Risk Assessment AB -

Since the appearance in 1986 of epidemic of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a new form of neurological disease in cattle which also affected human beings, many diagnostic and research activities have been performed to develop detection and therapeutic tools. A lot of progress was made in better identifying, understanding and controlling the spread of the disease by appropriate monitoring and control programs in European countries. This paper reviews the recent knowledge on pathogenesis, transmission and persistence outside the host of prion, the causative agent of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) in mammals with a particular focus on risk (re)assessment and management of biosafety measures to be implemented in diagnostic and research laboratories in Belgium. Also, in response to the need of an increasing number of European diagnostic laboratories stopping TSE diagnosis due to a decreasing number of TSE cases reported in the last years, decontamination procedures and a protocol for decommissioning TSE diagnostic laboratories is proposed.

VL - 7 CP - 5 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24055928?dopt=Abstract M3 - 10.4161/pri.26533 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Mechanisms of skin adherence and invasion by dermatophytes33853 JF - Mycoses Y1 - 2012 A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - Monod,M. A1 - Mathy,A. A1 - Cambier,L. A1 - Bagut,E.T. A1 - Defaweux,V. A1 - Symoens,F. A1 - Antoine,N. A1 - Mignon,B. KW - a KW - acid KW - Acids KW - Amino acids KW - Animal KW - Animals KW - article KW - Belgium KW - Brussels KW - Dermatophytes KW - disease KW - Diseases KW - electronic KW - embryology KW - Faculty KW - Fungi KW - Germination KW - Hair KW - health KW - histology KW - Human KW - Humans KW - INFECTION KW - Institute KW - IS KW - journal KW - Kinetics KW - Laboratories KW - mechanism KW - mechanisms KW - Medicine KW - Microsporum KW - MODEL KW - models KW - Morphology KW - Mycology KW - Nails KW - ON KW - parasitology KW - pathogenic KW - pathology KW - Peptides KW - public KW - public health KW - Public-health KW - Research KW - Role KW - Science KW - Serine KW - Short KW - SKIN KW - structure KW - Switzerland KW - Universities KW - university KW - veterinary KW - Veterinary Medicine AB - Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi that can be pathogenic for humans and animals by infecting the stratum corneum, nails, claws or hair. The first infection step consists of adherence of arthroconidia to the stratum corneum. The mechanisms and the kinetics of adherence have been investigated using different in vitro and ex vivo experimental models, most notably showing the role of a secreted serine protease from Microsporum canis in fungal adherence to feline corneocytes. After germination of the arthroconidia, dermatophytes invade keratinised structures that have to be digested into short peptides and amino acids to be assimilated. Although many proteases, including keratinolytic ones, have been characterised, the understanding of dermatophyte invasion mechanisms remains speculative. To date, research on mechanisms of dermatophyte infection focused mainly on both secreted endoproteases and exoproteases, but their precise role in both fungal adherence and skin invasion should be further explored VL - 55 CP - 3 U1 - 38032 M3 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2011.02081.x ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Fungalysin and dipeptidyl-peptidase gene transcription in Microsporum canis strains isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic cats36877 JF - Vet.Microbiol. Y1 - 2010 A1 - Mathy,A. A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - Schoofs,L. A1 - Cambier,L. A1 - Defaweux,V. A1 - Tabart,J. A1 - Marechal,F. A1 - Symoens,F. A1 - Mignon,B. KW - 0 KW - a KW - Activity KW - article KW - Asymptomatic Infections KW - Belgium KW - biosynthesis KW - carnivore KW - Cat Diseases KW - Cats KW - cause KW - causes KW - Clinical KW - data KW - de KW - Dermatomycoses KW - differences KW - Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases KW - disease KW - Diseases KW - Domestic KW - electronic KW - factors KW - Faculty KW - Female KW - Fungal Proteins KW - gene KW - Genes KW - genetics KW - Hydrolases KW - im KW - INFECTION KW - IS KW - isolation & purification KW - journal KW - M KW - Male KW - Medicine KW - microbiology KW - Microsporum KW - MODEL KW - observed KW - parasitology KW - pathogenic KW - Peptide Hydrolases KW - PROCESSES KW - protein KW - Proteins KW - Research KW - Research Support KW - Role KW - SB - IM KW - status KW - strain KW - study KW - transcription,genetic KW - Universities KW - university KW - veterinary KW - Veterinary Medicine AB - Microsporum canis is the main pathogenic fungus that causes a superficial cutaneous infection called dermatophytosis in domestic carnivores. In cats, M. canis causes symptomatic or asymptomatic infection. Recent conflicting data raise the question of whether the clinical status of the infected cat (symptomatic or asymptomatic) is directly correlated to the proteolytic activity of M. canis strains. Here, the transcription of fungalysin and dipeptidyl-peptidase genes (DPP) of M. canis was compared between four strains isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic cats during the first steps of the infection process, namely in arthroconidia, during adherence of arthroconidia to corneocytes and during early invasion of the epidermis, using a new ex vivo model made of feline epidermis. There was no detectable transcription of the fungalysin genes in arthroconidia or during the first steps of the infection process for any of the tested strains, suggesting that these proteases play a role later in the infection process. Among DPP, the DPP IV gene was the most frequently transcribed both in arthroconidia and later during infection (adherence and invasion), but no significant differences were observed between M. canis strains isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic cats. This study shows that the clinical aspect of M. canis feline dermatophytosis depends upon factors relating to the host rather than to the proteolytic activity of the infective fungal strain VL - 146 CP - 1-2 U1 - 38279 M3 - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.04.019 ER - TY - RPRT T1 - Gestion des déchets biologiquement contaminés produits lors des activités d'utilisation confinée d'organismes génétiquement modifiés et/ou pathogènes - Lignes directrices et recommandations Y1 - 0 A1 - Aline Baldo A1 - Emilie Descamps A1 - Chuong Dai Do Thi A1 - Amaya Leunda A1 - Nicolas Willemarck A1 - Didier Breyer ER -