%0 Journal Article %J ACS Agricultural Science & Technology %D 2022 %T Occurrence and Nature of Off-Target Modifications by CRISPR-Cas Genome Editing in Plants %A Mark H. J. Sturme %A J. P. van der Berg %A Lianne M. S. Bouwman %A Adinda De Schrijver %A R. A. de Maagd %A G. A. Kleter %A E. Battaglia-de Wilde %B ACS Agricultural Science & Technology %V 2 %8 Jun-04-2023 %G eng %N 2 %R 10.1021/acsagscitech.1c00270 %0 Report %D 2021 %T Off-target modifications by CRISPR-Cas: relevant for safety assessment strategies for new (GM) plant varieties? %A E. Battaglia-de Wilde %A J.P. van der Berg %A L. Bouwman %A Adinda De Schrijver %A R.A. de Maagd %A G.A. Kleter %G eng %0 Report %D 2021 %T Scientific Opinion on the evaluation of existing guidelines for their adequacy for the molecular characterisation and environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants obtained through synthetic biology %A H. Naegeli %A J.-L. Bresson %A T. Dalmay %A I.C. Dewhurst %A M. M. Epstein %A L.G. Firbank %A P. Guerche %A J. Hejatko %A F.J. Moreno %A F. Nogue %A N. Rostoks %A J.J. Sanchez Serrona %A G. Savioni %A E. Veromann %A F. Veronesi %A J. Casacuberta %A Adinda De Schrijver %A A. Messean %A et al. %B EFSA Journal %V 19 %P 6301-6322 %G eng %N 2 %& 6301 %0 Generic %D 2018 %T GMOs in Integrated Plant Production - discussion update %A M. Meissle %A Adinda De Schrijver %B in Proceedings of the 8th IOBC-WPRS Working Group "GMOs in Integrated Plant Production" %V 131 %G eng %& 69 %0 Journal Article %J ISB News Report %D 2016 %T Minimal quality criteria for acceptability of in vivo bio-assays with Bt-proteins %A Adinda De Schrijver %A Y. Devos %A P. De Clercq %A A. Gathmann %A J. Romeis %X

As part of the regulatory authorization process, the potential risks that the cultivation of genetically engineered (GE) plants may pose to non-target organisms (NTOs) and the ecosystem services they provide are assessed in many jurisdictions. A typical risk hypothesis addressed during the environmental risk assessment (ERA) of

%B ISB News Report %V May-June %P 1 - 6 %G eng %1

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%& 1 %R https://doi.org/10.1007/s11248-016-9950-8 %0 Journal Article %J Transgenic Res. %D 2016 %T Quality of laboratory studies assessing effects of Bt-proteins on non-target organisms: minimal criteria for acceptability %A Adinda De Schrijver %A Y. Devos %A P. De Clercq %A A. Gathmann %A J. Romeis %K Bt-maize %K Cry34/ 35Ab1 %K DAS-59122-7 %K environmental risk assessment %K Non-target effects %X

The potential risks that genetically modified plants may pose to non-target organisms and the ecosystem services they contribute to are assessed as part of pre-market risk assessments. This paper reviews the early tier studies testing the hypothesis whether exposure to plant-produced Cry34/35Ab1 proteins as a result of cultivation of maize 59122 is harmful to valued non-target organisms, in particular Arthropoda and Annelida. The available studies were assessed for their scientific quality by considering a set of criteria determining their relevance and reliability. As a case-study, this exercise revealed that when not all quality criteria are met, weighing the robustness of the study and its relevance for risk assessment is not obvious. Applying a worst-case expected environmental concentration of bioactive toxins equivalent to that present in the transgenic crop, confirming exposure of the test species to the test substance, and the use of a negative control were identified as minimum criteria to be met to guarantee sufficiently reliable data. This exercise stresses the importance of conducting studies meeting certain quality standards as this minimises the probability of erroneous or inconclusive results and increases confidence in the results and adds certainty to the conclusions drawn.

%B Transgenic Res. %V 25 %P 395-411 %G eng %N 4 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26980555?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1007/s11248-016-9950-8 %0 Journal Article %J Trends Food Sci. Technol. %D 2015 %T Next-generation sequencing as a tool for the molecular characterisation and risk assessment of genetically modified plants: Added value or not? %A Katia Pauwels %A Sigrid C.J. De Keersmaecker %A Adinda De Schrijver %A P. du Jardin %A Nancy Roosens %A Philippe Herman %K Genetically modified organism (GMO) %K Genetically modified plants (GMP) %K Next-generation sequencing (NGS) %K Risk assessment Molecular characterisation %X

BackgroundLegislations and international organizations provide a framework to ensure proper risk assessment of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO). With regard to the deliberate release of GMO as food or feed, applications for Genetically Modified Plants (GMP) typically contain data for the molecular characterisation at the nucleic acid level based on Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction analysis in combination with Sanger sequencing. Along with the diverse range of applications of next-generation sequencing (NGS) in genomic research, some recent research projects and product developers explored the use of NGS as an alternative tool for meeting the data requirements for the molecular characterisation of GMPs in view of their risk assessment.Scope and approachBy means of a literature survey and information collected through the organisation of an international workshop, we investigated whether NGS can replace and/or complement the currently used techniques for molecular characterisation of GMP taking into account the possibilities and current bottlenecks of NGS technologies and recent developments in molecular breeding.Key findings and conclusionsWe conclude that although NGS might present clear advantages for product developers, NGS currently does not always offer a significant added value with respect to the risk assessment of GMPs. However, the approaches used so far may soon be further challenged by the fast evolution in NGS technologies and also by the recent developments in molecular breeding of plants. We postulate that setting up a common workflow for the generation of relevant and interpretable data by NGS would facilitate a scientifically sound assessment of GMPs.

%B Trends Food Sci. Technol. %V 45 %P 319 - 326 %@ 0924-2244 %G eng %N 2 %1 5215 %& 319 %R 10.1016/j.tifs.2015.07.009 %0 Journal Article %J Plant Biotechnol J. %D 2015 %T Relevance of Bt toxin interaction studies for environmental risk assessment of genetically modified crops %A Adinda De Schrijver %A P. De Clercq %A de Maagd,R.A. %A Van Frankenhuyzen,K. %K Bt protein %K Genetically modified plants %K interaction %K nontarget effects %K Risk Assessment %K specificity %X

In recent years, different Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin-encoding genes have been combined or 'stacked' in genetically modified (GM) crops. Synergism between Bt proteins may occur and thereby increase the impact of the stacked GM event on nontarget invertebrates compared to plants expressing a single Bt gene. On the basis of bioassay data available for Bt toxins alone or in combination, we argue that the current knowledge of Bt protein interactions is of limited relevance in environmental risk assessment (ERA).

%B Plant Biotechnol J. %V 13 %P 1221-3 %G eng %N 9 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26032006?dopt=Abstract %& 1221 %R 10.1111/pbi.12406 %0 Report %D 2014 %T Can interactions between Bt proteins be predicted and how should effects on non-target organisms of GM crops with multiple Bt Proteins be assessed? %A Adinda De Schrijver %A P. De Clercq %A Booij,K. %A de Maagd,R.A. %A Van Frankenhuyzen,K. %I COGEM %C Amsterdam %P 106 %G eng %N COGEM Report CGM 2014-05 %M NA %1 38650 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T European risk assessor perspective on the quality of in vivo bioassays %A Adinda De Schrijver %A P. De Clercq %A J. Romeis %X As described in Regulation (EC) No. 1829/2003 on genetically modified food and feed, in the European Union (EU) the evaluation of risk/safety assessment of applications for cultivation of GM plants is carried out by a member state of the EU on mandate of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Since the Regulation has come into force, Belgium has been involved in the evaluation of several cultivation dossiers on insect-resistant GM crops expressing cry genes derived from Bacillus thuringiensis. The lion’s share of the evaluations lay within the appraisal of the in vivo laboratory studies provided to assess potential impacts on non-target invertebrates. In particular, questions on the design of the laboratory studies and the interpretation of the data were raised. We will present an overview of the scientific questions raised in order to be able to include the laboratory studies as confirmatory evidence in the risk/safety assessment of impacts on non-target invertebrates from the exposure to insect-resistant GM crops. %B in Proceedings International Symposium on the Biosafety of Genetically Modified Organisms (ISBGMO) 2014 %C Cape Town, South Africa %G eng %N ISBR (International Society for Biosafety Research) %1 4836 %2 9-13/11/2014 %0 Journal Article %J Trends Biotechnol. %D 2014 %T Plants with stacked genetically modified events: to assess or not to assess? %A E.J. Kok %A J. Pedersen %A R. Onori %A S. Sowa %A M. Schauzu %A Adinda De Schrijver %A T.H. Teeri %K Genetically modified organism %K Safety assessment %K stacked GM event %X

The principles for the safety assessment of genetically modified (GM) organisms (GMOs) are harmonised worldwide to a large extent. There are, however, still differences between the European GMO regulations and the GMO regulations as they have been formulated in other parts of the world. One of these differences relates to the so-called 'stacked GM events', that is, GMOs, plants so far, where new traits are combined by conventional crossing of different GM plants. This paper advocates rethinking the current food/feed safety assessment of stacked GM events in Europe based on an analysis of different aspects that currently form the rationale for the safety assessment of stacked GM events.

%B Trends Biotechnol. %V 32 %P 70-3 %8 Feb %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24418332?dopt=Abstract %& 70 %R 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.12.001 %0 Journal Article %J GM Crops and Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain %D 2014 %T Surrogate species selection for assessing potential adverse environmental impacts of genetically engineered insect-resistant plants on non-target organisms %A K. Carstens %A B. Cayabyab %A Adinda De Schrijver %A Gadaleta,P.G. %A R.L. Hellmich %A J. Romeis %A N. Storer %A F.H. Valicente %A M. Wach %K biosafety %K environmental risk assessment %K non-target organisms %K surrogate species %K tiered testing %X

Most regulatory authorities require that developers of genetically engineered insect-resistant (GEIR) crops evaluate the potential for these crops to have adverse impacts on valued non-target organisms (NTOs), i.e., organisms not intended to be controlled by the trait. In many cases, impacts to NTOs are assessed using surrogate species, and it is critical that the data derived from surrogates accurately predict any adverse impacts likely to be observed from the use of the crop in the agricultural context. The key is to select surrogate species that best represent the valued NTOs in the location where the crop is going to be introduced, but this selection process poses numerous challenges for the developers of GE crops who will perform the tests, as well as for the ecologists and regulators who will interpret the test results. These issues were the subject of a conference "Surrogate Species Selection for Assessing Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts of Genetically Engineered Plants on Non-Target Organisms" convened by the Center for Environmental Risk Assessment, ILSI Research Foundation. This report summarizes the proceedings of the conference, including the presentations, discussions, and the points of consensus agreed to by the participants.

%B GM Crops and Food: Biotechnology in Agriculture and the Food Chain %V 5 %P 0 - 1 %G eng %N 1 %1 4352 %& 1 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/gmcr.26560 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T EFSA's specific approach to assess adverse environmental impacts on genetically engineered plants on non-target organisms %A Adinda De Schrijver %B in Proceedings Surrogate Species Selection for Assessing Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts of Genetically Engineered Plants on Non-Target Organisms %S Proceedings of CERA Conference on Surrogate Species Selection for Assessing Potential Adverse Environmental Impacts of Genetically Engineered Plants on Non-Target Organims %I Center for Environmental Risk Assessment (CERA) %C Washington D.C., U.S.A. %P 8 - 10 %G eng %N Center for Environmental Risk Assessment (CERA) %1 38647 %2 26-28/06/2012 %& 8 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Review of studies assessing the impact of Bt-maize events expressing Cry3Bb1 on non-target organisms %A Adinda De Schrijver %A Y. Devos %A P. De Clercq %A J. Kiss %A J. Romeis %B 6th Meeting EIGMO (Ecological Impact of Genetically Modified Organisms) %C Berlin, Germany %G eng %N Poster at IOBC/WPRS working group 'GMO in Integrated Plant Production' %1 4381 %2 3-5/06/2013 %0 Journal Article %J Transgenic Res. %D 2012 %T Bt-maize event MON 88017 expressing Cry3Bb1 does not cause harm to non-target organisms %A Y. Devos %A Adinda De Schrijver %A P. De Clercq %A J. Kiss %A J. Romeis %K adverse effects %K Cry3Bb1 %K environmental risk assessment %K genetically modified maize %K Insect resistance %K MON 863 %K MON 88017 %K non-target 26 organisms %K tiered approach %X

This review paper explores whether the cultivation of the genetically modified Bt -maize transformation event MON 88017, expressing the insecticidal Cry3Bb1 protein against corn rootworms (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), causes adverse effects to non-target organisms (NTOs) and the ecological and anthropocentric functions they provide. Available data do not reveal adverse effects of Cry3Bb1 on various NTOs that are representative of potentially exposed taxonomic and functional groups, confirming that the insecticidal activity of the Cry3Bb1 protein is limited to species belonging to the coleopteran family of Chrysomelidae. The potential risk to non-target chrysomelid larvae ingesting maize MON 88017 pollen deposited on host plants is minimal, as their abundance in maize fields and the likelihood of encountering harmful amounts of pollen in and around maize MON 88017 fields are low. Non-target adult chrysomelids, which may occasionally feed on maize MON 88017 plants, are not expected to be affected due to the low activity of the Cry3Bb1 protein on adults. Impacts on NTOs caused by potential unintended changes in maize MON 88017 are not expected to occur, as no differences in composition, phenotypic characteristics and plant-NTO interactions were observed between maize MON 88017 and its near-isogenic line.

%B Transgenic Res. %P 1 - 24 %@ 0962-8819 %G eng %1 3021 %& 1 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-012-9617-z %0 Journal Article %J Transgenic Res. %D 2012 %T Genetically modified crops and aquatic ecosystems: considerations for environmental risk assessment and non-target organism testing %A K. Carstens %A Anderson,J. %A Bachman,P. %A Adinda De Schrijver %A Dively,G. %A Federici,B. %A Hamer,M. %A Gielkens,M. %A Jensen,P. %A Lamp,W. %A Rauschen,S. %A Ridley,G. %A J. Romeis %A Waggoner,A. %K Aquatic ecosystem %K environmental risk assessment %K genetically modified crops %K Non-target organism %X

Environmental risk assessments (ERA) support regulatory decisions for the commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops. The ERA for terrestrial agroecosystems is well-developed, whereas guidance for ERA of GM crops in aquatic ecosystems is not as well-defined. The purpose of this document is to demonstrate how comprehensive problem formulation can be used to develop a conceptual model and to identify potential exposure pathways, using Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) maize as a case study. Within problem formulation, the insecticidal trait, the crop, the receiving environment, and protection goals were characterized, and a conceptual model was developed to identify routes through which aquatic organisms may be exposed to insecticidal proteins in maize tissue. Following a tiered approach for exposure assessment, worst-case exposures were estimated using standardized models, and factors mitigating exposure were described. Based on exposure estimates, shredders were identified as the functional group most likely to be exposed to insecticidal proteins. However, even using worst-case assumptions, the exposure of shredders to Bt maize was low and studies supporting the current risk assessments were deemed adequate. Determining if early tier toxicity studies are necessary to inform the risk assessment for a specific GM crop should be done on a case by case basis, and should be guided by thorough problem formulation and exposure assessment. The processes used to develop the Bt maize case study are intended to serve as a model for performing risk assessments on future traits and crops.

%B Transgenic Res. %V 21 %P 813 - 842 %G eng %N 4 %1 38548 %& 813 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Cultivated Plants - Journal für Kulturpflanzen %D 2011 %T Post market environmental monitoring of genetically modified herbicide tolerant crops (Working group report from the 4th international workshop on PMEM of genetically modified plants, Quedlinburg, Germany 2010) %A Sanvido,O. %A Adinda De Schrijver %A Y. Devos %A Bartsch,D. %K 2001/18 %K crops %K Design %K Discussion %K environmental %K Environmental Monitoring %K EU %K European %K European Union %K Genetically modified %K genetically modified plant %K Genetically modified plants %K Germany %K GM %K GM plants %K GMHT crops %K herbicide %K herbicide tolerant %K herbicide-tolerant %K International %K IS %K Monitoring %K ON %K plant %K Plants %K PMEM %K questions %K report %K SBB %K specific %K WHO %X According to European Union (EU) legislation, genetically modified (GM) crops released for commercial cultivation have to be monitored. Here we summarise the discussion of a working group that convened during the 4th International Workshop on Post Market Environmental Monitoring (PMEM) of Genetically Modified Plants in Quedlinburg from 3-4 May 2010 to discuss the necessity, extent and design of PMEM plans of genetically modified herbicide tolerant (GMHT) crops. The following workshop report summarises the questions specific to the monitoring of GMHT crops and seeks to answer what should be monitored and who should perform such a monitoring. In addition, the main challenges when monitoring GMHT crops are presented and it is discussed how these challenges could be addressed. %B Journal of Cultivated Plants - Journal für Kulturpflanzen %V 63 %P 211 %G eng %1 264 %& 211 %0 Journal Article %J Transgenic Res. %D 2011 %T Recommendations for the design of laboratory studies on non-target arthropods for risk assessment of genetically engineered plants %A J. Romeis %A R.L. Hellmich %A Candolfi,M.P. %A K. Carstens %A Adinda De Schrijver %A Gatehouse,A.M. %A Herman,R.A. %A Huesing,J.E. %A McLean,M.A. %A Raybould,A. %A Shelton,A.M. %A Waggoner,A. %X

This paper provides recommendations on experimental design for early-tier laboratory studies used in risk assessments to evaluate potential adverse impacts of arthropod-resistant genetically engineered (GE) plants on non-target arthropods (NTAs). While we rely heavily on the currently used proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) in this discussion, the concepts apply to other arthropod-active proteins. A risk may exist if the newly acquired trait of the GE plant has adverse effects on NTAs when they are exposed to the arthropod-active protein. Typically, the risk assessment follows a tiered approach that starts with laboratory studies under worst-case exposure conditions; such studies have a high ability to detect adverse effects on non-target species. Clear guidance on how such data are produced in laboratory studies assists the product developers and risk assessors. The studies should be reproducible and test clearly defined risk hypotheses. These properties contribute to the robustness of, and confidence in, environmental risk assessments for GE plants. Data from NTA studies, collected during the analysis phase of an environmental risk assessment, are critical to the outcome of the assessment and ultimately the decision taken by regulatory authorities on the release of a GE plant. Confidence in the results of early-tier laboratory studies is a precondition for the acceptance of data across regulatory jurisdictions and should encourage agencies to share useful information and thus avoid redundant testing.

%B Transgenic Res. %V 20 %P 1 - 22 %G eng %N 1 %1 38866 %& 1 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11248-010-9446-x %0 Journal Article %J Environ. Monit. Assess. %D 2009 %T Quantifying the introgressive hybridisation propensity between transgenic oilseed rape and its wild/weedy relatives %A Y. Devos %A Adinda De Schrijver %A Reheul,D. %K a %K adverse effects %K an %K approach %K approaches %K Area %K Areas %K article %K at %K Belgium %K Brassica %K Brassica napus %K Brassica rapa %K case-specific monitoring %K crops %K data %K Design %K effect %K effects %K electronic %K Engineering %K Environmental Monitoring %K epub %K ERA %K Faculty %K Flanders %K gene %K gene flow %K gene flow index %K general %K general surveillance %K genetically %K Genetically modified %K genetics %K Genetics,Population %K GM %K GM crop %K GM crops %K Hybridization,Genetic %K im %K implement %K implementation %K index %K Introgressive hybridisation %K IS %K IT %K journal %K landscape %K LEVEL %K Monitoring %K need %K needs %K Network %K networks %K Oilseed rape %K ON %K Order %K period %K plant %K Plants,Genetically Modified %K POPULATION %K Populations %K PRIORITIES %K Priority %K production %K Raphanus %K relative %K relatives %K Risk Assessment %K SB - IM %K SBB %K Surveillance %K survey %K Transgene %K Transgenes %K Transgenic %K Universities %K university %K values %K vertical gene flow %K website %X

In order to estimate the introgressive hybridisation propensity (IHP) between genetically modified (GM) oilseed rape (Brassica napus) and certain of its cross-compatible wild/weedy relatives at the landscape level, a conceptual approach was developed. A gene flow index was established enclosing the successive steps to successfully achieve introgressive hybridisation: wild/weedy relatives and oilseed rape should co-occur, have overlapping flowering periods, be compatible, produce viable and fertile progeny, and the transgenes should persist in natural/weedy populations. Each step was described and scored, resulting in an IHP value for each cross-compatible oilseed rape wild/weedy relative. The gene flow index revealed that Brassica rapa has the highest introgressive hybridisation propensity (IHP value = 11.5), followed by Hirschfeldia incana and Raphanus raphanistrum (IHP = 6.7), Brassica juncea (IHP = 5.1), Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Sinapis arvensis (IHP = 4.5) in Flanders. Based on the IHP values, monitoring priorities can be defined within the pool of cross-compatible wild/weedy oilseed rape relatives. Moreover, the developed approach enables to select areas where case-specific monitoring of GM oilseed rape could be done in order to detect potential adverse effects on cross-compatible wild/weedy relatives resulting from vertical gene flow. The implementation of the proposed oilseed rape-wild relative gene flow index revealed that the survey design of existing botanical survey networks does not suit general surveillance needs of GM crops in Belgium. The encountered hurdles to implement the gene flow index and proposals to acquire the missing data are discussed

%B Environ. Monit. Assess. %V 149 %P 303 - 322 %G eng %N 1-4 %1 38687 %& 303 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-008-0204-y %0 Journal Article %J J. Verbr. Lebensm. %D 2008 %T GMO monitoring data coordination and harmonisation at EU level - Outcomes of the European Commission Working Group on Guidance Notes supplementing Annex VII of Directive 2001/18/EC %A Graef,F. %A Adinda De Schrijver %A Murray,B. %X

A major objective of the European Commission Monitoring Working Group (MWG) on Guidance Notes supplementing Annex VII of Directive 2001/18/EC was to explore the possibility of European Union (EU)-wide coordination and harmonisation of data resulting from monitoring of genetically modified (GM) crops. Firstly, we present concepts for the coordination and harmonisation of monitoring data of cultivated GM crops. We argue that data coordination is necessary at both national and EU level and that data harmonisation is advisable at different technical levels of monitoring. Secondly, we explore the applicability of existing monitoring programmes and data infrastructure schemes run at EU level for monitoring of GM crops, and options for implementing data coordination and harmonisation. Our work identifies useful European monitoring programmes and data infrastructure schemes for the monitoring of GM crops. Their relevance, however, needs to be analysed in more depth.

%B J. Verbr. Lebensm. %V 2 %P 17 - 20 %G eng %N 2 %1 2798 %& 17 %0 Book %B Towards a safer food supply in Europe %D 2007 %T Challenges for future research in GMO detection %A Berben,G. %A F. Debode %A M. De Loose %A E. Janssen %A N. Papazova %A Myriam Sneyers %A I. Taverniers %A Amaya Leunda %A Adinda De Schrijver %A Marc Van den Bulcke %E C.Van Peteghem %K event-specific identification %K fingerprinting %K GMO characterization %K Method validation %K qualitative PCR %K QUALITY ASSURANCE %K Quantitative real-time PCR %K SCREENING %X This article reviews several research challenges for GMO detection as some pending questions still exist and need more research efforts to be solved. The question of how to apply validation in a modular scheme is handled. It is followed by the problem of how to manage the detection of an always increasing number of new events and the fact that in such a context screening will probably be more and more important. The issue of detection of unauthorized GMOs with special attention to unknown GMOs is considered. Some technical limitations in result expression with respect to botanical impurities or stacked events are also addressed. Finally the establishment of plasmid reference calibrants as alternative to the current plant-derived certified reference materials, their distribution and utilisation are discussed. %B Towards a safer food supply in Europe %I Belgian Science Policy %C Brussels %P 95 - 112 %@ 978-90-8756-032-4 %G eng %1 38512 %& 95 %0 Journal Article %J Eur. Food Res. Technol. %D 2007 %T Detection of genetically modified plant products by protein strip testing: An evaluation of real-life samples %A Marc Van den Bulcke %A Adinda De Schrijver %A De Bernardi,D. %A Y. Devos %A G.E. Mbongolo-Mbella %A Amaya Leunda %A W. Moens %A Myriam Sneyers %X The determination of the presence of genetically modified plant material by the detection of expressed genetically engineered proteins using lateral flow protein strip tests has been evaluated in different matrices. The presence of five major genetically engineered proteins (CP4-EPSPS, CryIAb, Cry9C, PAT/pat and PAT/bar protein) was detected at low levels in seeds, seed/leaf powder and leaf tissue from genetically modified soy, maize or oilseed rape. A comparison between "protein strip test" (PST) and "polymerase chain reaction" (PCR) analysis of genetically modified food/feed samples demonstrates complementarities of both techniques. -® Springer-Verlag 2007 %B Eur. Food Res. Technol. %V 225 %P 49 - 57 %G eng %N 1 %1 2797 %& 49 %R http://dx.doi.org/ %0 Journal Article %J J. Verbr. Lebensm. %D 2007 %T Using an oilseed rape x wild/weedy relative gene flow index for the monitoring of transgenic oilseed rape %A Y. Devos %A Adinda De Schrijver %A Reheul,D. %X

To estimate the introgressive hybridisation propensity (IHP) between transgenic oilseed rape and certain of its crosscompatible wild /weedy relatives at the landscape level, a conceptual approach was developed. A questionnaire was established enclosing the successive steps to successfully achieve introgressive hybridisation. Each step was described and scored, resulting in an IHP value for each cross-compatible wild /weedy relative. This approach revealed that in Flanders (Belgium) Brassica rapa has the highest IHP value, followed by Hirschfeldia incana, Diplotaxis tenuifolia, Raphanus raphanistrum and Sinapis arvensis. Using these values, monitoring priorities can be defined within the pool of cross-compatible wild /weedy oilseed rape relatives. It is discussed how the numerical quantification may serve as a valuable tool in case-specific monitoring and general surveillance of transgenic oilseed rape. -® 2007 Birkhaueser

%B J. Verbr. Lebensm. %V 2 %P 88 - 89 %G eng %N 1 %1 38686 %& 88 %0 Government Document %D 2006 %T Considerations of cross-fertilization between GM and non-GM Maize %A Y. Devos %A Reheul,D. %A Adinda De Schrijver %X

Member states will impose strict technical management measures to keep the adventitious presence of GM material in non-GM produce below the labeling thresholds. As maize is a cross-pollinated crop relying on wind for dispersal of its pollen, on-farm measures may rely on spatial isolation. The task may be difficult, since various biological, physical, experimental, and analytical parameters with varying levels of importance have been identified to play a role in the study of cross-fertilization in maize. The number of variables and their variability may hamper the comparison between research results and make it difficult to define the appropriate length of isolation distances and/or pollen barriers. How some of the parameters can hamper the comparison between research results is addressed below.

%B ISB News Report %V March %P 6 - 9 %G eng %1 38685 %0 Journal Article %J Environ. Biosafety Res. %D 2005 %T The co-existence between transgenic and non-transgenic maize in the European Union: a focus on pollen flow and cross-fertilization %A Y. Devos %A Reheul,D. %A Adinda De Schrijver %K co-existence %K cross-fertilization %K GM-crop-free zones %K isolation distances %K maize %K pollen barriers %K pollen flow %K thresholds %K Zea mays L. %X

The ongoing discussion on the co-existence between genetically modified (GM) and non-GM crops becomes more important in the European Union (EU). With the recent inscription of 17 GM maize varieties in the common EU catalogue of varieties of agricultural plant species, the acreage of transgenic maize for market purposes is expected to increase in some European countries. In the EU, specific tolerance thresholds have been established for the adventitious and technically unavoidable presence of GM material in non-GM produce, and member states are elaborating legal frames to cope with co-existence. As maize is a cross-pollinated crop relying on wind for the dispersal of its pollen, technical management measures will be imposed to reduce cross-fertilization between transgenic and non-transgenic maize. Various biological, physical and analytical parameters have been identified to play a role in the study of cross-fertilization in maize. This variability may hamper the comparison between research results and may complicate the definition of appropriate isolation distances and/or pollen barriers in order to limit out-crossing. The present review addresses these parameters and proposes containment measures in order to not exceed the legal labeling thresholds in maize.

%B Environ. Biosafety Res. %V 4 %P 71 - 87 %G eng %N 2 %1 38684 %& 71 %0 Report %D 2005 %T MIRA (2005) Milieu- en natuurrapport Vlaanderen, Achtergronddocument 2005, Gebruik van genetisch gemodificeerde organismen %A Adinda De Schrijver %A B. Van Vaerenbergh %A Y. Devos %A Renckens,S. %A Reheul,D. %A L. Bommel %A Christiaens,V. %A Degrieck,I. %A Custers,R. %A Overloop,S. %X

Dit is het achtergronddocument voor het hoofdstuk Gebruik van genetisch gemodificeerdeorganismen in de MIRA-T rapportering. Het achtergronddocument bundelt de kennis eninformatie aangedragen in de MIRA-T-rapporten vanaf 1998. Dit document wordt elk jaar bijgewerkt en is raadpleegbaar op de websites www.milieurapport.be/AG enwww.vmm.be/mira.

%I Vlaamse Milieumaatschappij %C Belgium %P 1 - 47 %G eng %1 38651 %& 1 %0 Journal Article %J Environ. Biosafety Res. %D 2004 %T Management of herbicide-tolerant oilseed rape in Europe: a case study on minimizing vertical gene flow %A Y. Devos %A D. Reheul %A Adinda De Schrijver %A F. Cors %A M. William %K Agriculture %K Brassica napus %K Drug Resistance %K environment %K Europe %K Food Supply %K Genetics, Population %K Herbicides %K Plants, Genetically Modified %K risk management %X

The potential commercialization of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) oilseed rape in Europe raises various concerns about their potential environmental and agronomic impacts, especially those associated with the escape of transgenes. Pollen of oilseed rape can be dispersed in space, resulting in the fertilization of sympatric compatible wild relatives (e.g. Brassica rapa) and oilseed rape cultivars grown nearby (GM and/or non-GM Brassica napus). The spatial and temporal dispersal of seeds of oilseed rape may lead to feral oilseed rape populations outside the cropped areas and oilseed rape volunteers in subsequent crops in the rotation. The incorporation of a HT trait(s) may increase the fitness of the recipient plants, making them more abundant and persistent, and may result in weeds that are difficult to control by the herbicide(s) to which they are tolerant. Vertical gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape to non-GM counterparts may also have an impact on farming and supply chain management, depending on labelling thresholds for the adventitious presence of GM material in non-GM products. Given the extent of pollen and seed dispersal in oilseed rape, it is obvious that the safe and sound integration of GMHT oilseed rape in Europe may require significant on-farm and off-farm management efforts. Crucial practical measures that can reduce vertical gene flow include (1) isolating seed production of Brassica napus, (2) the use of certified seed, (3) isolating fields of GM oilseed rape, (4) harvesting at the correct crop development stage with properly adjusted combine settings, (5) ensuring maximum germination of shed seeds after harvest, (6) controlling volunteers in subsequent crops, and (7) keeping on-farm records. The implementation of the recommended practices may, however, be difficult, entailing various challenges.

%B Environ. Biosafety Res. %V 3 %P 135-48 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15901096?dopt=Abstract %0 Government Document %D 2003 %T Genetisch gewijzigd voedsel. Reglementering en veiligheidsbeoordeling %A Y. Devos %A Adinda De Schrijver %K Genetisch gewijzigd voedsel %K regelgeving %K veiligheidsbeoordeling %X

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%B NutriNews %V 1 %G eng %1 38683 %0 Report %D 2003 %T Guidance notes for the safety assessment of genetically modified crops for food and feed use %A Van Haver,E. %A Adinda De Schrijver %A Y. Devos %A Lievens,S. %A Renckens,S. %A W. Moens %K biosafety %K crops %K genetically modified crops %K Safety assessment %X

This document describes the elements needed for the safety assessment of foods and feeds derived from genetically modified crops. This document does not address environmental, ethical or socio-economical aspects of the marketing of these foods and feeds, but considers the aspects with relevance to human or animal health. This document provides guidance to notifiers and biosafety assessors as to which extent studies have to be carried out following a case-by-case approach for the evaluation of genetically modified food and feed crops. This guidance document is not a static data package, but should be considered along with newly evolving scientific knowledge and technology. The scientific aspects and the presentation of information in the dossier should fulfil the requirements of the ongoing legislations and recommendations as specified insection 4 of this chapter. This document complements these requirements by providing more detailed guidelines for the safety assessment of foods and feeds derived from genetically modified crops.

%I Scientific Institute of Public Health %C Brussels %V D/2003/2505/16 %G eng %1 39018 %& 1