<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bart Desmedt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Melissa Vanhamme</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eric Deconinck</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The purity of tattoo inks, screening substances of high concern</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ink</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Primary aromatic amines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk Assessment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCREENING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tattoo</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-03-2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">129</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;nowadays. Currently, there is no harmonized legislation in Europe but from 2022 on, tattoo inks will be regulated&lt;br&gt;
through a REACH Amendment implementing compound-specific restrictions.&lt;br&gt;
Methodology: A screening method based on LC-QqQ-MS was developed and validated for screening 40 substances&lt;br&gt;
of high concern in tattoo inks. An additional quantification method was validated to quantify 5-nitro toluidine&lt;br&gt;
and 4-chloroaniline in tattoo inks with high accuracy. The method was validated according to the total error&lt;br&gt;
approach with an acceptance value of ±20%&lt;br&gt;
Results: The methodology was applied to 86 samples of which 26 are violating the current Resolution ResAP&lt;br&gt;
(2008). 5-nitro toluidine was found in 16 samples, all of them having an unacceptable health risk, with an&lt;br&gt;
average concentration of 29 μg/g basic violet 10, basic red 1, 4-chloroaniline, and basic red 9 were detected 8, 7,&lt;br&gt;
4, and 3, times respectively. Counterfeit products with lower quality were observed.&lt;br&gt;
Conclusion: Our results show that low-quality tattoo inks are easily available to the European consumer. In line&lt;br&gt;
with literature, most infringements were observed with red/brown inks which is not surprising since these colors&lt;br&gt;
are most often associated with adverse health effects.&lt;/p&gt;
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