<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dill, Maarten</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barhdadi, Sophia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanhee, Celine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eric Deconinck</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sample preparation methods for elemental analysis in electronic cigarette aerosols: a critical review</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Analytical Methods</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">e-cigarettes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">elemental analysis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2025</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mar-02-2027</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">17</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In the last decade, e-cigarettes have been marketed as a less harmful alternative to classical tobacco&lt;br&gt;
smoking and are currently being used by millions of people. An e-cigarette consists of an e-liquid and&lt;br&gt;
a heating device, generating an aerosol that the user can inhale. Recently, several studies have shown&lt;br&gt;
that metals and metalloids, including As, Cd, and Pb, known carcinogens, were present in these aerosols.&lt;br&gt;
To ensure the accuracy of dose-toxicity estimations, it is essential to have access to reliable and&lt;br&gt;
reproducible methods for estimating the dose in question. Although more standardization&lt;br&gt;
methodologies were introduced in the analysis of metal(loid)s from aerosols, a huge divergence in&lt;br&gt;
sample preparation can be found in the literature. This work aimed to provide an overview of the sample&lt;br&gt;
preparation methods used to quantify these metal(loid)s. Therefore, a literature search was conducted in&lt;br&gt;
September 2024, that followed the PRISMA guidelines. Among the 48 articles selected, a wide variability&lt;br&gt;
in sample preparation was observed, specifically variations in aerosol generation characteristics and&lt;br&gt;
collection techniques. Despite the widespread use of methods as filters and impingers, many studies&lt;br&gt;
failed to validate critical steps such as aerosol recovery, blank corrections, and the extent of matrix&lt;br&gt;
effects. In addition, poor inorganic methodological practices were often applied, such as excessive use&lt;br&gt;
of glass materials for aerosol collection or other sample preparation steps. Therefore, further&lt;br&gt;
standardization of methodologies is urgently needed to improve the reliability of metal quantification in&lt;br&gt;
e-cigarette aerosols, which could potentially enhance regulatory frameworks and facilitate the routine&lt;br&gt;
analysis of e-cigarette emissions.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue></record></records></xml>