Cannabis sativa L. is cultivated nowadays for agricultural, industrial, and medicinal
applications and also for recreational use. The latter is due to the presence of delta-9-
tetrahydrocannabinol, a psychoactive substance. Recreational cannabis policies vary between
different countries, which has led to the lack of a clearly defined legal context for cannabis and
also a diversity of products derived from or containing cannabis on the (il)legal market. These
cannabis-derived products have regained attention, notably because of their cannabinoid
content. This review aims to assess and present analytical methods developed to analyze
phytocannabinoids with spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques in specific cannabis
matrices: herbs and oily products. Published papers from2018–November 2024were searched
for with precise criteria, analyzed, and summarized. In the studies, liquid and gas chromatographic
techniques (>70%reviewed papers)were themost used and have beenwidely applied
using similar methods, and most papers were focused on cannabis herbs (>75%). Techniques
were also compared and future challenges were identified. A comparison of different specificities
of chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques discussed in this current review has
also been established and summarized.