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Humoral, cell-mediated and mucosal immunity induced by oculo-nasal vaccination of one-day-old SPF and conventional layer chicks with two different live Newcastle disease vaccines.

real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (QRRT- PCR). The interference of maternally derived antibody with vaccination was also considered in conventional layer chickens. In SPF chickens, ...

Molecular genetics of para-aminosalicylic acid resistance in clinical isolates and spontaneous mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

dysfunctional polypeptide. The MIC was determined by Bactec/Alert and dilution assay. Sixty-three percent of the PAS-resistant isolates had no mutations in the nine genes considered in this study, revealing that ...

Surveillance of antibiotic susceptibility patterns among Shigella sonnei strains isolated in Belgium during the 18-year period 1990 to 2007.

(cotrimoxazole). Therefore, cotrimoxazole should no longer be considered appropriate as empirical therapy for treatment of shigellosis in Belgium when antibiotics are indicated. Rates of resistance to nalidixic acid ...

Laboratory efforts to eliminate contamination problems in the real-time RT-PCR detection of noroviruses36840

that the high sensitivity of an optimized real-time PCR assay should be considered as–besides a great advantage–a potential risk factor for obtaining false-positive results when using this technique ...

Nation-wide prospective surveillance of Clostridium difficile infections in hospitals in Belgium, July 2007-June 2008.

hospital-associated (half of which occurred 15 days or more after admission). CDI was considered the cause of death (direct or indirect) for 10% of the episodes. The median incidence of CDI was 1.5 per 1,000 admissions ...

The role of the legal and illegal trade of live birds and avian products in the spread of avian influenza.

international crisis. All parts of the world are now considered at risk due to trade globalisation, with the worldwide movement of animals, products and humans, and because of the possible spread of the virus ...

Cluster of hepatitis A cases among travellers returning from Egypt, Belgium, September through November 200836837

supports the hypothesis of a common source outbreak, linked to Nile river cruises. The outbreak also suggests the need to consider an intensification of the vaccination policy for travellers to hepatitis ...

Evaluation of a SRS2 sandwich commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in bovine and canine sera20

kappa value was 1 for bovine sera and 0.77 for canine sera. The seroprevalence was 3.9% in bovine sera and 21-23% in canine sera. The SRS2 sandwich ELISA was considered a valuable tool in both species ...

Muticentrische studie "Verband tussen antibioticaconsumptie en microbile resistentie bij de individuele patiënt"

at the individual patient level. When prescribing these agents of vital importance, clinicians should consider that antimicrobial consumption also inherently bears an individual risk for their own ...

Impact of human interventions on the spread of bluetongue virus serotype 8 during the 2006 epidemic in north-western Europe.

a north-western direction. This indicates that it is important to consider other influential factors such as dispersal of infected vectors depending on wind direction, or local spread. Health Topics:  Animal health ...

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