%0 Journal Article %J Acta Clin.Belg. %D 2000 %T In vitro study on the antimicrobial activity of various antibiotics against clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from Belgium collected during winter 1998-199936695 %A R. Vanhoof %A Carpentier,M. %A Fagnart,O. %A Garrino,M.G. %A Y. Glupczynski %A Gordts,B. %A Govaerts,D. %A Magerman,K. %A Mans,Y. %A Nyssen,H.J. %A Surmont,I. %A Schwam,V. %A Van de Vyvere,M. %A Van Landuyt,H. %A Van Nimmen,L. %A Van Noyen,R. %K 0 %K a %K acid %K Activity %K ADOLESCENT %K Adult %K Aged %K Agent %K Agents %K ALL %K Amoxicillin %K Ampicillin %K Anti-Bacterial Agents %K Antibiotic %K antibiotics %K Antimicrobial %K article %K Belgium %K beta-Lactams %K Cefotaxime %K Child %K Child,Preschool %K CHILDREN %K Ciprofloxacin %K Clarithromycin %K Clindamycin %K Clinical %K drug effects %K Erythromycin %K Humans %K im %K Increase %K Infant %K IS %K isolation & purification %K journal %K Less %K LEVEL %K Microbial Sensitivity Tests %K microbiology %K middle aged %K ON %K pharmacology %K Pneumococcal Infections %K Print %K recommendation %K Recommendations %K resistance %K SB - IM %K Streptococcus pneumoniae %K study %K Surveillance %K Technique %K Tetracycline %K Winter %X A total of 205 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained from 10 different centres were included in this study. The susceptibilities to penicillin, ampicillin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, gemifloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, trovafloxacin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, miocamycin, clindamycin and tetracycline were determined by a microdilution technique following NCCLS recommendations. Decreased susceptibility to penicillin was 16.1% [6.8% intermediate (0.12-1 microgram/mL) and 9.3% high-level (> or = 2 micrograms/mL)], cefotaxime insusceptibility (> or = 1 microgram/mL) 12.7%, ciprofloxacine insusceptibility (> or = 2 micrograms/mL) 15.6% with 1.5% of high level resistance (> or = 4 micrograms/mL), erythromycin insusceptibility (> or = 0.5 microgram/mL) 36.1% and tetracycline insusceptibility (> or = 4 micrograms/mL) 22.9%. Decreased susceptibility to cefotaxime was found in 78.8% of the penicillin-insusceptible isolates. No decreased susceptibility was found for gemifloxacin (> or = 0.5 microgram/mL) and trovafloxacin (> or = 1 microgram/mL). Compared to the 1996-1997 surveillance, penicillin, cefotaxime and erythromycin insusceptibility rose by 3.8%, 5.2% and 5.0% respectively, while tetracycline insusceptibility decreased with 8.2%. MICs of all beta-lactams rose with those of penicillin for penicillin-insusceptible isolates. Amoxicillin +/- clavulanate, cefotaxime and imipenem were generally 1, 1 and 5 doubling dilutions respectively more potent than penicillin on these isolates. Penicillin, ampicillin and cefuroxime were equally active while cefaclor was generally 5 dilutions less potent. Most penicillin-insusceptible isolates remained fully susceptible to amoxicillin +/- clavulanate and imipenem. The penicillin-insusceptible isolates were 36.4%, 27.3% and 3.0% co-insusceptible to erythromycin, erythromycin plus tetracycline and tetracycline respectively. A subpopulation of 52 isolates obtained from children aged < or = 3 years was also studied. Compared to the other isolates we found a statistically significant increase in insusceptibility for penicillin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, erythromycin, clarithromycin and tetracycline while a significant decrease was found for ciprofloxacin %B Acta Clin.Belg. %V 55 %P 312 - 322 %8 0/11/2000 %G eng %N 6 %1 38448 %& 312