<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Srikumar, Shabarinath</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cao, Yu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yan, Qiongqiong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Koenraad Van Hoorde</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scott Nguyen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shane Cooney</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gopal R Gopinath</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ben D Tall</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sathesh K Sivasankaran</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angelika Lehner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Roger Stephan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Séamus Fanning</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA sequencing-based transcriptional overview of xerotolerance in Cronobacter sakazakii SP291.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl Environ Microbiol</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bacterial Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cronobacter sakazakii</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enterobacteriaceae Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Infant Formula</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">RNA, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sequence Analysis, RNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Transcription, Genetic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trehalose</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2019 02 01</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">85</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Cronobacter&amp;nbsp;sakazakii&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;is a xerotolerant neonatal pathogen epidemiologically linked to powdered infant food formula, often resulting in high mortality rates. Here, we used transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) to provide&amp;nbsp;transcriptional&amp;nbsp;insights into the survival of&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;C&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;sakazakii&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;in desiccated conditions. Our&amp;nbsp;RNA-seq data show that about 22% of the total&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;C&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;sakazakii&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;genes were significantly upregulated and 9% were downregulated during desiccation survival. When reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to validate the&amp;nbsp;RNA-seq data, we found that the primary desiccation response was gradually downregulated during the tested 4 hours of desiccation, while the secondary response remained constitutively upregulated. The 4-hour desiccation tolerance of&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;C&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;sakazakii&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;was dependent on the immediate microenvironment surrounding the bacterial cell. The removal of Trypticase soy broth (TSB) salts and the introduction of sterile infant formula residues in the microenvironment enhanced the desiccation survival of&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;C&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;sakazakii&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;SP291. The trehalose biosynthetic pathway encoded by&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;otsA&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;and&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;otsB&lt;/em&gt;, a prominent secondary bacterial desiccation response, was highly upregulated in desiccated&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;C&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;sakazakii&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;C&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;sakazakii&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;SP291 &lt;em&gt;ΔotsAB&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;was significantly inhibited compared with the isogenic wild type in an 8-hour desiccation survival assay, confirming the physiological importance of trehalose in desiccation survival. Overall, we provide a comprehensive&amp;nbsp;RNA-seq-based&amp;nbsp;transcriptional&amp;nbsp;overview&amp;nbsp;along with confirmation of the phenotypic importance of trehalose metabolism in&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Cronobacter&amp;nbsp;sakazakii&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;during desiccation.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;IMPORTANCE: &lt;em&gt;Cronobacter&amp;nbsp;sakazakii&lt;/em&gt;&amp;nbsp;is a pathogen of importance to neonatal health and is known to persist in dry food matrices, such as powdered infant formula (PIF) and its associated production environment. When infections are reported in neonates, mortality rates can be high. The success of this bacterium in surviving these low-moisture environments suggests that&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;Cronobacter&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;species can respond to a variety of environmental signals. Therefore, understanding those signals that aid the persistence of this pathogen in these ecological niches is an important step toward the development of strategies to reduce the risk of contamination of PIF. This research led to the identification of candidate genes that play a role in the persistence of this pathogen in desiccated conditions and, thereby, serve as a model target to design future strategies to mitigate PIF-associated survival of&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;C&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;sakazakii&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></issue></record></records></xml>