TY - JOUR T1 - Characterization of three commercial ELISA kits for detection of BOHV-1 gE specific antibodies in serum and milk samples and applicability of bulk milk for determination of herd status. JF - J Virol Methods Y1 - 2017 A1 - Marylène Tignon A1 - Miet De Baere A1 - Jean-Baptiste Hanon A1 - Goolaerts, Annelies A1 - Houtain, Jean-Yves A1 - Delooz, Laurent A1 - Ann Brigitte Cay AB -

Vaccination of animals with gE-deleted vaccine strains (gE- marker vaccines) and differential detection of vaccinated vs infected animals with antibody ELISA targeting the gE or the gB proteins have been proved to be useful tools in programs for control and eradication of the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) responsible for infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), a major pathogen of cattle. The diagnostic sensitivity (DSe) and specificity (DSp) of three commercial gE ELISA kits from IDEXX, IDVet and CIV-HIPRA were compared for serum and milk matrices. Limiting the analysis to 198 individual with concordant ELISA results in serum (91 naïve, 37 vaccinated and 70 infected) the DSe of gE kits was estimated to 0,97 for IDEXX, 0,93 for CIV-HIPRA and 0,53 for IDVet using milk samples and the DSp to 0,95 for IDEXX, 1,00 for IDVet and CIV-HIPRA. The applicability of gE ELISA for individual or bulk milk testing as an additional tool in control programs dedicated to the certification and control of vaccinated herds was evaluated. Two of the three evaluated gE ELISA kits presented substantial to good agreement individual milk and serum samples. The bulk-tank milk also proved to be suitable for the detection of BoHV-1 in vaccinated herds provided that gE prevalence is superior to 10% as false negative results are often observed at lower gE herd prevalence. This limitation could be reduced to 8% of prevalence when a prior concentration step was applied to bulk milk samples.

VL - 245 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28363451?dopt=Abstract M3 - 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.03.015 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Evaluation of 16 commercial antibody ELISAs for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus-specific antibodies in serum and milk using well-characterized sample panels. JF - J Vet Diagn Invest Y1 - 2017 A1 - Jean-Baptiste Hanon A1 - Miet De Baere A1 - De la Ferté, Camille A1 - Sophie Roelandt A1 - Yves Van der Stede A1 - Ann Brigitte Cay AB -

We performed a thorough fit-for-purpose evaluation of commercial ELISAs for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-specific antibodies in serum and in milk by testing 2 panels of well-characterized serum and milk samples. Sixteen ELISAs from 9 different manufacturers, available on the Belgian market at the time of our study, were assessed for their diagnostic and analytical sensitivity (DSe and ASe, respectively), diagnostic specificity (DSp), and repeatability relative to the virus neutralization (VN) test considered to be the gold standard assay. Using serum as a matrix, DSe was much lower for competitive (c)ELISAs (min. 45%, max. 65%) than for indirect (i)ELISAs (min. 85%, max. 100%), partly because of the lower detection of positive samples from vaccinated animals included in the panel. ASe was also better for iELISAs; DSp was >95% for all but 2 ELISAs. Repeatability, expressed as coefficients of variation (CV) of optical densities, was generally good, although 3 ELISAs had a mean CV >10%. With milk samples, as observed for serum, DSe was lower for cELISAs (min. 57%, max. 75%) than for iELISAs (min. 61%, max. 89%), and DSp was high for all ELISAs (min. 94%, max. 100%). Both DSe and ASe were lower when testing milk samples compared to serum samples. These results confirm that serologic monitoring of BVDV-free herds should be performed using serum samples of unvaccinated animals to avoid interference of vaccination and to maximize the chance of detecting seroconversion linked to BVDV infection. Further investigations using a larger collection of field samples are recommended.

U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28803517?dopt=Abstract M3 - 10.1177/1040638717724839 ER - TY - JOUR T1 - Serologic screening for 13 infectious agents in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Flanders. JF - Infect Ecol Epidemiol Y1 - 2015 A1 - Tavernier, Paul A1 - Sys, Stanislas U A1 - Kris De Clercq A1 - Ilse De Leeuw A1 - Ann Brigitte Cay A1 - Miet De Baere A1 - Nick De Regge A1 - David Fretin A1 - Virginie Roupie A1 - Govaerts, Marc A1 - Heyman, Paul A1 - Vanrompay, Daisy A1 - Yin, Lizi A1 - Kalmar, Isabelle A1 - Vanessa Suin A1 - Bernard Brochier A1 - Alexandre Dobly A1 - Stéphane De Craeye A1 - Sophie Roelandt A1 - Goossens, Els A1 - S. Roels AB -

INTRODUCTION: In order to investigate the role of roe deer in the maintenance and transmission of infectious animal and human diseases in Flanders, we conducted a serologic screening in 12 hunting areas.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Roe deer sera collected between 2008 and 2013 (n=190) were examined for antibodies against 13 infectious agents, using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, virus neutralisation, immunofluorescence, or microagglutination test, depending on the agent.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: High numbers of seropositives were found for Anaplasma phagocytophilum (45.8%), Toxoplasma gondii (43.2%) and Schmallenberg virus (27.9%), the latter with a distinct temporal distribution pattern following the outbreak in domestic ruminants. Lower antibody prevalence was found for Chlamydia abortus (6.7%), tick-borne encephalitis virus (5.1%), Neospora caninum (4.8%), and Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (4.1%). The lowest prevalences were found for Leptospira (1.7%), bovine viral diarrhoea virus 1 (1.3%), and Coxiella burnetii (1.2%). No antibodies were found against Brucella sp., bovine herpesvirus 1, and bluetongue virus. A significant difference in seroprevalence between ages (higher in adults >1 year) was found for N. caninum. Four doubtful reacting sera accounted for a significant difference in seroprevalence between sexes for C. abortus (higher in females).

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the more intensive landscape use in Flanders, the results are consistent with other European studies. Apart from maintaining C. abortus and MAP, roe deer do not seem to play an important role in the epidemiology of the examined zoonotic and domestic animal pathogens. Nevertheless, their meaning as sentinels should not be neglected in the absence of other wild cervid species.

VL - 5 U1 - http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26609692?dopt=Abstract M3 - 10.3402/iee.v5.29862 ER -