%0 Generic %D 2023 %T Application of silver-based biocides in face masks intended for general use requires regulatory control %A Jan Mast %A Erik Van Miert %A Lisa Siciliani %A Karlien Cheyns %A Charlotte Wouters %A Nadia Waegeneers %A Ruud Bernsen %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Joris Van Loco %A Eveline Verleysen %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Science of The Total Environment %D 2023 %T Application of silver-based biocides in face masks intended for general use requires regulatory control %A Jan Mast %A Erik Van Miert %A Lisa Siciliani %A Karlien Cheyns %A Marie-Noelle Blaude %A Charlotte Wouters %A Nadia Waegeneers %A Ruud Bernsen %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Joris Van Loco %A Eveline Verleysen %K Ag %K Biocide %K electron microscopy %K Face masks %K ICPMS %K Nanoparticle %K Physicochemical characterization %K Risk Assessment %K Silver %K textile %X

Silver-based biocides are applied in face masks because of their antimicrobial properties. The added value of biocidal silver treatment of face masks to control SARS-CoV-2 infection needs to be balanced against possible toxicity due to inhalation exposure. Direct measurement of silver (particle) release to estimate exposure is problematic. Therefore, this study optimized methodologies to characterize silver-based biocides directly in the face masks, by measuring their total silver content using ICP-MS and ICP-OES based methods, and by visualizing the type(s) and localization of silver-based biocides using electron microscopy based methods. Thirteen of 20 selected masks intended for general use contained detectable amounts of silver ranging from 3 μg to 235 mg. Four of these masks contained silver nanoparticles, of which one mask was silver coated. Comparison of the silver content with limit values derived from existing inhalation exposure limits for both silver ions and silver nanoparticles allowed to differentiate safe face masks from face masks that require a more extensive safety assessment. These findings urge for in depth characterization of the applications of silver-based biocides and for the implementation of regulatory standards, quality control and product development based on the safe-by-design principle for nanotechnology applications in face masks in general.

%B Science of The Total Environment %V 870 %8 Jan-04-2023 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161889 %0 Generic %D 2023 %T Identification and characterization of inorganic food additives and pearlescent pigments in sprays for food decoration by STEM-EDX %A Noa Olluyn %A Eveline Verleysen %A Lisa Siciliani %A Daniel Arenas Esteban %A S. Mathioudaki %A Sara Bals %A Subhalakshmi Sharma %A Jan Mast %A Joris Van Loco %K electron microscopy %K inorganic food additives %K pearlescent pigments %K sprays %K STEM-EDX %X

Food colorants are applied in commercial products and domestic cooking to enhance the appearance of food. To obtain specific hues, inorganic food additives containing (nano)particles are mixed in varying concentrations, and pearlescent pigments consisting of mica platelets coated with a layer of titanium dioxide and/or iron oxide particles, are applied to provide glitter effects1. For control and risk assessment of multi-constituent substances and mixtures, characterisation of the fraction of small particles, including the particle size distribution, is needed for each single constituent or each component in the mixture2. This is challenging for control laboratories and only limited guidance is currently available3.
This study developed electron microscopy-based methods to identify and characterize the particles of individual components in eight commercially available food-decoration sprays of different colours, containing mixtures of food additives and pearlescent pigments. No dispersion protocols or purifications steps were applied to optimally assess the properties of the particles consumers are exposed to. Samples were prepared by spraying 5mL in a glass vial and coated on EM-grids using the grid-on-drop method. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) allowed identifying particles of separate components, including potassium aluminium silicate-based pearlescent pigments, vegetable carbon, rutile titanium dioxide (nano)particles, iron oxide (nano)particles and aluminium containing (nano)particles by their elemental composition. Their presence and relative concentration varied between spray colours. Often the layer of titanium dioxide particles detached from the mica, and titanium dioxide particles were also observed forming near-spherical aggregates. STEM-EDX tomography allowed identifying particles of overlapping components and examining the structure of the pearlescent pigments in 3D. The presence of a fraction of nanoparticles in each component was demonstrated based on their particle size distributions. The methods and findings support regulatory bodies to assess and control possible health risks of mixtures of (nano)particles present in the food chain.

%B IMEKOFOODS 2023 %I Imekofoods %C Paris %8 22/11/2023 %G eng %0 Report %D 2023 %T Silver-based biocides and titanium dioxide particles in face masks for general use. Final report of the TiO2Mask and AgMask COVID-19 projects. %A Daniela Montalvo %A Charlotte Wouters %A Lisa Siciliani %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Erik Van Miert %A Nadia Waegeneers %A Joris Van Loco %A Eveline Verleysen %A Karlien Cheyns %A Jan Mast %K Face masks %K Nanoparticles %K silver-based biocides %K titanium dioxide %I Sciensano %C Brussels, Belgium %P 48 %8 02/2023 %G eng %M D/2023.14.440/36 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Nutritional Science %D 2023 %T Tiered dietary exposure assessment of steviol glycosides in the Belgian population %A Joris Van Loco %A Raphael Janssens %A Séverine Goscinny %A Els Van Hoeck %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %K Dietary intake; Exposure; Food additive; Steviol glycosides; Sweeteners %B Journal of Nutritional Science %V 12 %8 Jan-01-2023 %G eng %R 10.1017/jns.2023.13 %0 Generic %D 2023 %T Unprecedentedly migration of lead and other metals from artisanal cookware to simulants and foods %A Trésor Carsi Kuhangana %A Karlien Cheyns %A Banza Lubaba Nkulu, Célestin %A Erik Smolders %A Peter Hoet %A Joris Van Loco %A Heidi Demaegdt %A Benoit Nemery %B 7th Imekofoods conference %I Anses %C Paris, France %8 Oktober 2023 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A %D 2022 %T Development, validation and application of multi-class methods for the analysis of food additives by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry %A Pauline Detry %A Pauline Willame %A Els Van Hoeck %A Joris Van Loco %A Séverine Goscinny %K Beverages %K colours %K dairies %K Food Additives %K preservatives %K processed foods %K QuEChERS %K sweeteners %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K ultra-high performance liquid chromatography %X

Food additives are used in numerous food products and are characterised by various physicochemical properties. In European member states, their use in food is regulated by the European Union. This work aimed to develop an accurate and high-throughput analytical method enabling the simultaneous determination of additives from different functional classes to facilitate controls and generate occurrence data for exposure assessments. The QuEChERS principle was applied due to its ease of implementation and flexibility to adjust to various food matrices. However, very polar substances could not be extracted with sufficient recoveries. Consequently, an alternative basic methanol sample-preparation methodology was developed. After sample preparation, the obtained extracts were analysed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Overall, the developed methodology allowed the quantification of 27 additives from the functional classes of colours, sweeteners, preservatives, and antioxidants in various foods (e.g. beverages, dairies, processed meals). The methods were also validated in terms of selectivity, linearity, matrix effect, limit of quantification, accuracy, repeatability, and intra-laboratory reproducibility. Finally, the methods were successfully applied to eighty-four actual samples. All additives were found below authorised levels. However, irregularities were spotted in labelling.

%B Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A %V 39 %8 Mar-08-2022 %G eng %N 8 %R 10.1080/19440049.2022.2085887 %0 Report %D 2022 %T Evaluation of the types, efficient use and health risks of application of silver-based biocides to provide antimicrobial properties to face masks applied during the Covid-19 crisis %A Jan Mast %A Marie-Noelle Blaude %A Lisa Siciliani %A Karlien Cheyns %A Nadia Waegeneers %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Joris Van Loco %A Eveline Verleysen %K biocides %K Face masks %K Ions %K Nanoparticles %K Silver %X

In situ analysis of silver based biocides in face masks using electron microscopy and EDX, combined with total silver measurement using ICP-MS or ICP-OES demonstrated the presence of varying amounts and different types of silver-based biocides in a selection of face masks on the Belgian market and intended to be worn by the general public. Following types of silver-based biocides were demonstrated: (i) Ag+ ions, (ii) metallic Ag0 NP distributed in the matrix of the fibers, (iii) Ag NP and large silver particles at the surface of, or close to cotton fibres in face masks containing polycationic polymers binding Ag+ ions, and (iv) a coating consisting of metallic silver releasing Ag+ ions, Ag0 NP and large silver particles.

For metallic and ionic silver, an acceptable exposure level (AELmask) of 25 µg per mask was established based on occupational exposure levels and assuming an intensive exposure scenario considering subchronic exposure of the general adult population.

Comparison of the measured amount of total silver in the masks with this AELmask indicated that seven out of nine face masks, with a silver biocide based on Ag+ ions only, can be considered as safe. The two other face masks with a silver biocide based on Ag+ ions require a more refined risk evaluation.

The amount of silver in the four masks that contain Ag0 NP, Ag+ ions, and/or non-nanoparticulate silver exceeded the AELmask. Per case an in depth risk analysis needs to be undertaken to account for the different forms of silver that are potentially released from face masks treated with the applied silver-based biocides.

%C Brussels, Belgium %P 48 %8 14/07/2022 %G eng %M D/2021/14.440/100 %0 Generic %D 2022 %T Exposure to lead when manufacturing cookware from scrap metal: A public health threat in the artisanal sector in DR Congo %A Trésor Carsi Kuhangana %A Erik Smolders %A Karlien Cheyns %A Célestin Banza Lubaba Nkulu %A Peter Hoet %A Joris Van Loco %A Benoit Nemery %A Heidi Demaegdt %K artisanal cookware %K Lead exposure %K low income countries %X

AIM The objective of this study was to investigate the exposure to lead (Pb) among artisan
workers manufacturing cookware from scrap metal and their community.
METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey in six cookware manufacturing
workshops and, for comparison, eight carpentry workshops (negative controls) and 14 lead
batteries repairing workshops (positive controls). All workshops are located in areas without
mining activities of Lubumbashi city. We collected surface dust samples of the workspaces,
and blood and urine samples of the workers and residents from the sites where the
workshops are installed. Element determination was performed using Inductively Coupled
Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).
RESULTS In the artisanal cookware manufacturers (ACM) group, bood and urinary lead
concentration geometric mean {121.5 μg/L [interquartile range(IQR 79.1-206.5)] and [3.3
μg/g (1.5-7.1)]} were estimated to be about twice as high as the negative control group {[60.2
μg/L (37.2-94.0)] and [0.9 μg/g, (0.3-3.8)]} and half the value of the positive control goup
{[241.8 μg/L (82.8-591.7)] and [7.2 μg/g (1.1-26.3)]}. Among residents from the site of the
workshop, children had higher urinary Pb concentrations [6.2 μg/g (2.3-19.3)] than the
workers.
CONCLUSION This investigation demonstrates a substantial occupational Pb exposure
among ACM and warns on the hazards for residents, especially children, due to the
installation of these activities in residential sites.

%B 6th Imekofoods %I 6TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON METROLOGY IN FOOD AND NUTRITION %C Dubrovnik, Croatia %8 7-9/11/2022 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics %D 2022 %T Pharmacokinetics of Oral Rebaudioside A in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Effects on Glucose Homeostasis: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial %A Caroline Simoens %A Koenraad Philippaert %A Caroline Wuyts %A Séverine Goscinny %A Els Van Hoeck %A Joris Van Loco %A Jaak Billen %A Jan de Hoon %A Els Ampe %A Vangoitsenhoven, Roman %A Ann Mertens %A Rudi Vennekens %A Van der Schueren, Bart %X

Background and Objectives

Rebaudioside A, a steviol glycoside, is deglycosylated by intestinal microflora prior to the absorption of steviol and conjugation to steviol glucuronide. While glucose-lowering properties are observed for rebaudioside A in mice, they have been attributed to the metabolites steviol and steviol glucuronide. We aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of rebaudioside A and its metabolites in patients with early-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods

This randomized, placebo-controlled, open-label, two-way crossover trial was performed in subjects with T2DM on metformin or no therapy at the University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium. Following oral rebaudioside A (3 g), plasma concentrations of rebaudioside A, steviol and steviol glucuronide were determined. The effect on glucose homeostasis was examined by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) performed 19 h following rebaudioside A administration, i.e. the presumed time of maximal steviol and steviol glucuronide concentrations. The primary pharmacodynamic endpoint was the difference in area under the blood glucose concentration–time curve during the first 2 h of the OGTT (AUCGlucose(0–2h)) for rebaudioside A vs. placebo.

Results

In total, 30 subjects [63.5 (57.8–69.0) years of age, 86.7% male] completed the trial. Rebaudioside A was detected as early as 1 h after administration in nearly all subjects. As expected, steviol and steviol glucuronide reached their maximal concentrations at 19.5 h following rebaudioside A administration. Rebaudioside A did not lower the AUCGlucose(0–2h) compared to placebo (− 0.7 (95% CI − 22.3; 20.9) h·mg/dL, P = 0.95). Insulin and C-peptide concentrations were also comparable between both conditions (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Rebaudioside A is readily absorbed after oral administration and metabolized to steviol and steviol glucuronide. However, no effect on glucose nor insulin or C-peptide excursion was observed during the OGTT at the time of maximal metabolite concentrations. Thus, no antidiabetic properties of rebaudioside A could be observed in patients with T2DM after single oral use.

%B European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics %V 47 %8 Jan-11-2022 %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1007/s13318-022-00792-7 %0 Journal Article %J Scientific Reports %D 2022 %T Titanium dioxide particles frequently present in face masks intended for general use require regulatory control %A Eveline Verleysen %A Ledecq, Marina %A Lisa Siciliani %A Karlien Cheyns %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Marie-Noelle Blaude %A Sandra De Vos %A Frederic Brassinne %A Frederic Van Steen %A Régis Nkenda %A Ronny Machiels %A Nadia Waegeneers %A Joris Van Loco %A Jan Mast %B Scientific Reports %V 12 %8 Jan-12-2022 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1038/s41598-022-06605-w %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Dietary exposure of the Belgian population to microplastics through a diverse food basket %A M Dekimpe %A B De Witte %A D Deloof %A K Hostens %A Joris Van Loco %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Els Van Hoeck %A J Robbens %K microplastics %X

presentation during Scientific Colloquium 25 “A coordinated approach to assess the human health risks of micro- and nanoplastics in food,”

%8 2021 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Int J Environ Res Public Health %D 2021 %T Energy Drink Consumption among Adolescents Attending Schools in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo. %A Trésor Carsi Kuhangana %A Taty Muta Musambo %A Joseph Pyana Kitenge %A Tony Kayembe-Kitenge %A Arlène Kazadi Ngoy %A Paul Musa Obadia %A Banza Lubaba Nkulu, Célestin %A Angelique Kamugisha %A Eric Deconinck %A Nemery, Benoit %A Joris Van Loco %K ADOLESCENT %K Child %K cross-sectional studies %K Democratic Republic of the Congo %K Energy Drinks %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K Schools %K Surveys and Questionnaires %X

BACKGROUND: The consumption of energy drinks (EDs) is increasing in the general population, but little is known about the consumption of EDs among pupils in Africa. This study was designed to assess the consumption of EDs among pupils between 10 and 17 years of age and to assess average caffeine concentrations contained in EDs sold in Lubumbashi.

METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in five schools using a standardised questionnaire taken face-to-face. Samples of locally purchased EDs were analysed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ultra-Violet spectrometry (HPLC-UV).

RESULTS: Of 338 pupils (54% girls), 63% reported having consumed at least one ED in the last week and 34% drank at least one ED a day. The cheapest ED was the most widely consumed. Among pupils having consumed at least one ED in the last week, 79% reported consuming it for refreshment and 15% to get energy. For those who reported not consuming EDs, 40% reported that their parents or teachers forbade them to drink EDs. Some (14%) teenagers, mainly boys, mixed ED with alcohol. The concentrations of caffeine measured in twelve brands of EDs ranged from 7.6 to 29.4 mg/100 mL (median 23.3), giving caffeine contents of 37.5 to 160 mg (median 90 mg) per can or bottle. The estimated daily intake of caffeine through EDs was between 51.3 mg and 441.3 mg among those consuming EDs regularly.

CONCLUSION: Our study convincingly demonstrates that caffeine-containing EDs are not only consumed by youngsters living in affluent societies. We documented widespread regular consumption of EDs among (pre-)adolescent schoolchildren living in Lubumbashi, a large city of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). In view of the global market expansion of caffeinated EDs, it is reasonable to suspect that similar surveys in other urban areas of sub-Saharan Africa would yield similar findings. Pricing and advertising regulations and education on EDs are necessary to limit the regular consumption of EDs among adolescents.

%B Int J Environ Res Public Health %V 18 %8 2021 07 17 %G eng %N 14 %R 10.3390/ijerph18147617 %0 Report %D 2021 %T IDENTIFICATION, PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION AND PRELIMINARY RISK ANALYSIS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE PARTICLES IN FACE MASKS Intermediate report TiO2-Mask COVID-19 project September 2021 %A Jan Mast %A Marie-Noelle Blaude %A Lisa Siciliani %A Karlien Cheyns %A Nadia Waegeneers %A Joris Van Loco %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Eveline Verleysen %X

In situ analysis of titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles in face masks demonstrated the presence of agglomerated TiO2 (nano)particles in all examined face masks that contain polyester or polyamide (nylon) fibres, or that are made of non-woven, synthetic fabrics. These particles resemble fibre-grade TiO2 particles. Because there are no methods available for measuring exposure directly, the methodology that ANSES applied to determine the professional exposure limits to titanium dioxide in its nanoform, was applied for a scenario with intensive use of face masks. Our calculations show that a health risk cannot be excluded for most of the examined face masks when intensively used. The applied approach may overestimate the health risks because of the conservative inhalation exposure assumptions. However, for some face masks the amount of titanium dioxide is so high that a health risk cannot be excluded even when only a small fraction of the titanium dioxide particles are released and inhaled. Currently, we have no indications that TiO2 particles are released in amounts which might result in public health risks, but so far, research and publications of TiO2 particles in textiles, and particularly of their release, are limited. In view of EFSA's conclusion that TiO2 cannot be considered any longer as safe to be used as a food additive because a concern for genotoxicity cannot be ruled out, it is advisable to issue precautionary standards to limit the presence of TiO2 particles in face masks.

%I Sciensano %C Elsene, Belgium %P 50 %8 sept 2021 %G eng %M D/2021/14.440/72 %R 10.25608/ba73-8j24 %0 Journal Article %J Measurement: Sensors %D 2021 %T METROFOOD-RI: Pilot services with physical, remote and virtual access %A Karine Vandermeiren %A Subhalakshmi Sharma %A Nastasia Belc %A Jan Mast %A Agnes Matuszczak %A karl Presser %A Eveline Verleysen %A Claudia Zoani %A Joris Van Loco %K ESFRI %K Food safety and quality %K Metrology %K research infrastructure %X

METROFOOD-RI (www.metrofood.eu) is an ESFRI research infrastructure, funded upon the EU H2020 METROFOOD-PP project for its Preparatory Phase, aiming to establish a new distributed European Research Infrastructure (RI) to promote scientific excellence and increase efficiency in food quality and food safety. It strives to provide and coordinate high-level metrological services on a European scale for researchers, laboratories, food inspection agencies and policymakers.

As part of the preparatory phase towards the legal statute of ERIC (European Research Infrastructure Consortium), a service portfolio is being set up along with its provision diagram. As a test for this model of service provision, three use cases have been defined that are representative of the different types of access that will be provided by METROFOOD-RI:

  1. physical access to a food pilot plant for demonstrating technical solutions and adaptations of food processing technology to minimize acrylamide in bakery products at the National Research & Development Institute for Food Bio-resources (IBA, Romania).
  2. remote access to the transmission electron microscope facility for physicochemical characterization of nanoparticles in food (Sciensano, Belgium).
  3. virtual access to two e-services for open data use, mainly addressed to researchers, laboratories, food inspection agencies and policy makers:

The use cases will help to evaluate the usability of the single access point of the research infrastructure and to fine-tune the access procedures and interfaces with users. This will support the elaboration of the final service chart of METROFOOD-RI including all the potential physical, electronical and integrated services that the infrastructure aims to provide to its users.

The paper will give an overview and first evaluation of the use case service provision and provide an overview of the potential METROFOOD-RI service portfolio.

%B Measurement: Sensors %V 18 %8 Jan-12-2021 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.measen.2021.100309 %0 Generic %D 2021 %T Paraben levels in placenta in relation to weight and head circumference at birth in Belgium: an ENVIRONAGE birth cohort study %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A K. Vrijens %A Koen De Cremer %A K.Y. Neven %A R.M. Carollo %A Joris Van Loco %A T.S. Nawrot %A Christiane Vleminckx %B International Conference on Food Contaminants 2021, 4th edition Challenges on early –life exposure %8 sept 2021 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology %D 2020 %T Ecotoxicity profile of heavily contaminated surface water of two rivers in Tunisia %A Nosra Methneni %A González, José Antonio Morales %A Joris Van Loco %A Anthonissen, Roel %A Jolien Van de Maele %A Luc Verschaeve %A Mercedes Fernandez-Serrano %A Mansour, Hedi Ben %K Ecotoxicity %K Organic and inorganic contaminants %K rivers %K textile wastewater %K Water Quality %X

Persistent organic and inorganic contaminants generated by industrial effluent wastes poses a threat to the maintenance of aquatic ecosystems and public health. The Khniss and Hamdoun rivers, located in the central-east of Tunisia, receive regularly domestic and textile wastewater load. The present study aimed to survey the water quality of these rivers using physicochemical, analytical and toxicological approaches. In the physicochemical analysis, the recorded levels of COD and TSS in both samples exceed the Tunisian standards. Using the analytical approach, several metals and some textile dyes were detected. Indeed, 17 metals were detected in both samples in varying concentrations, which do not exceed the Tunisian standards. The sources of metals pollution can be of natural and anthropogenic origin. Three textile disperse dyes were detected with high levels compared to other studies: the disperse orange 37 was detected in the Khniss river with a concentration of 6.438 μg/L and the disperse red 1 and the disperse yellow 3 were detected in the Hamdoun river with concentrations of 3.873 μg/L and 1895 μg/L, respectively. Textile activities were the major sources of disperse dyes. For both samples, acute and chronic ecotoxicity was observed in all the studied organisms, however, no genotoxic activity was detected. The presence of metals and textile disperse dyes could be associated with the ecotoxicological effects observed in the river waters, in particular due to the industrial activity, a fact that could deteriorate the ecosystem and therefore threaten the human health of the population living in the study areas. Combining chemical and biological approaches, allowed the detection of water ecotoxicity in testing organisms and the identification of possible contributors to the toxicity observed in these multi-stressed water reservoirs.

%B Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology %V 82 %8 nov 2020 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103550 %0 Journal Article %J Chemosphere %D 2020 %T Enantiomeric fraction of hexabromocyclododecanes in foodstuff from the Belgian market %A Ronan Cariou %A Svetlana V. Malysheva %A Séverine Goscinny %A Bruno Le Bizec %A Joris Van Loco %A Gaud Dervilly %K Chiral compound %K Enantiomer %K Environmental contaminant %K food %K HBCDD %X

Diet is considered a major route of human exposure to hexabromocyclododecane, a chiral environmental contaminant. A previous study reported on the occurrence of hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers in food items of animal origin collected in Belgium. The present study reports further results on corresponding enantiomeric fractions of the same samples. None of the samples could be considered as racemic for the α-isomer suggesting that foodstuff contamination occurred prior to death of the corresponding producing animal and was not the result of the food item being in contact with technical HBCDD. Non-racemic chiral signatures were also observed for β- and γ-isomers. We conclude that, depending on their dietary habits, different individuals might be overall exposed to non-racemic profiles. Considering that toxicological effects are enantiomer-dependent, this could modulate potential adverse effects.

%B Chemosphere %V 260 %8 dec 2020 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127607 %0 Journal Article %J Eur J Clin Nutr %D 2020 %T Urinary sodium and iodine concentrations among Belgian adults: results from the first national Health Examination Survey. %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Ann Ruttens %A Alain Wilmet %A Cédric Marien %A Pauline Hautekiet %A Joris Van Loco %A Moreno-Reyes, Rodrigo %A Johan Van der Heyden %K Biomarkers %K Risk Factors %X

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Iodine deficiency and excessive salt intakes have adverse health consequences. The objective was to measure sodium and iodine concentrations in urine spot samples among a representative sample of Belgian adults and compare those to World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations.

SUBJECTS/METHODS: Spot urine samples were collected in 2018 from participants of the Belgian Health Examination Survey. Iodine and sodium concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion selective electrodes respectively. Tanaka and INTERSALT equations were used to predict 24-h urinary sodium excretion using sodium and creatinine concentration in spot samples, sex, and measured height and weight.

RESULTS: Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) among adults (n = 1092) was 93.6 µg/L, indicating mild iodine deficiency according to WHO thresholds. Median UIC among participants who reported thyroid problems over the last year was significantly higher than among those who did not report thyroid problems (104.1 µg/L versus UIC = 92.2 µg/L, p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in median UIC between sexes, age groups, and regions. The average salt intake among Belgian adults (n = 1120) was 8.3 ± 0.1 g/day using the Tanaka equation and 9.4 ± 0.1 g/day using the INTERSALT equation. For both equations, <5% of the population met the recommended WHO upper salt intake level of 5 g/day.

CONCLUSIONS: Iodine nutrition in the Belgian adult, nonpregnant population likely indicates mild iodine deficiency as the median UIC was below the WHO threshold for iodine sufficiency. Salt intake was substantially higher than the WHO recommendations. Further policy efforts are needed to optimize iodine and reduce salt intake in Belgium.

%B Eur J Clin Nutr %8 2020 Oct 08 %G eng %R 10.1038/s41430-020-00766-5 %0 Journal Article %J Environmental Health %D 2020 %T Weight and head circumference at birth in function of placental paraben load in Belgium: an ENVIRONAGE birth cohort study %A Karen Vrijens %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Koen De Cremer %A Kristof Y. Neven %A Riccardo M. Carollo %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Joris Van Loco %A Tim S. Nawrot %X

Background

Parabens are a group of esters of para-hydroxybenzoic acid utilized as antimicrobial preservatives in many personal care products. Epidemiological studies regarding the adverse effects of parabens on fetuses are limited. The aim of this study was to determine the association between placental paraben exposure and birth outcomes. We assessed paraben concentrations in placental tissue, which potentially gives a better understanding of fetal exposure than the maternal urinary concentrations which are the current golden standard.

Methods

Placental tissue was collected immediately after birth from 142 mother-child pairs from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort. The placental concentrations of four parabens (methyl (MeP), ethyl (EtP), propyl (PrP), and butyl (BuP)) were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass-spectrometry. Generalized linear regression models were used to determine the association between paraben exposure levels and birth outcomes.

Results

The geometric means of placental MeP, EtP, PrP, and BuP were 1.84, 2.16, 1.68 and 0.05 ng/g tissue, respectively. The sum of parabens (∑ parabens, including MeP, EtP and PrP) was negatively associated with birth weight in newborn girls (− 166 g, 95% CI: − 322, − 8.6, p = 0.04) after adjustment for a priori selected covariates. The sum of parabens was negatively associated with head circumference (− 0.6 cm, 95% CI: − 1.1, − 0.2, p = 0.008) and borderline associated with birth length (− 0.6 cm, 95% CI:-1.3, 0.1, p = 0.08). In newborn girls the placental concentration of EtP was negatively associated with head circumference (− 0.6 cm, 95% CI:-1.1, − 0.1, p = 0.01) and borderline significantly associated with birth weight and birth length. Lastly, placental EtP and ∑parabens were negatively associated with placental weight in newborn girls but not in newborn boys (− 45.3 g, 95% CI:-86.2, − 4.4, p = 0.03).

Conclusion

The negative association between maternal paraben exposure and birth outcomes warrants further research and follow-up over time to determine long term effects of gestational exposure to parabens.

%B Environmental Health %V 19 %8 Jan-12-2020 %G eng %N 1 %R 10.1186/s12940-020-00635-5 %0 Report %D 2019 %T Book of abstracts of the 4th International conference on Metrology in Food and Nutrition %A Jill Alexandre %A Joris Van Loco %A Sabine Janssens %K conference %K food %K IMEKO %K IMEKOFOOD; IMEKOFOODS4 %K Metrology %K NUTRITION %X

Book of abstracts of the 4th International conference on Metrology in Food and Nutrition held in Tervuren, Belgium from 16-18th of September 2019.

%P 143 %8 sept 2019 %G eng %M D/2019/14.440/100 %0 Journal Article %J Environment International %D 2019 %T Determinants of persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations in human breast milk of a cross-sectional sample of primiparous mothers in Belgium %A Raf Aerts %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Ann Colles %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Malarvannan, Govindan %A Poma, Giulia %A Den Hond, Elly %A Van De Mieroop, Els %A Dewolf, Marie-Christine %A François Charlet %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Joris Van Loco %A Covaci, Adrian %K brominated flame retardants %K Human biomonitoring %K Human breast milk %K Organochlorine pesticides %K PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS %K Primipara mothers %X

Background

Bio-accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment and in the food chain can lead to high pollutant concentrations in human fat-containing tissues and breast milk.

Objectives

We aimed to identify the maternal characteristics that determined POP concentrations in breast milk of primiparous mothers in Belgium.

Methods

Breast milk samples were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 206 primiparous mothers in 2014. POP concentrations in breast milk samples were determined by GC-ECNI-MS and GC-EI-MS/MS depending on the analytes' sensitivity. Associations between POP concentrations in breast milk and potential determinants were investigated using two-way contingency tables and multivariable generalized linear models.

Results

Fifteen of the 23 screened POPs were detected in the breast milk samples. Four organochlorine compounds (p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, HCB and β-HCH) and two brominated flame retardant congeners (BDE-47, BDE-153) were detected at concentrations above the limit of quantification in >50% of the breast milk samples. Maternal age and BMI were usually associated with higher POP concentrations. Rural residency and consumption of home-produced eggs, fatty fish and fish oil supplements were associated with higher concentrations of DDT and DDE. Consumption of fatty fish and being breastfed during childhood were associated with higher concentrations of HCB and β-HCH. Fish oil supplements and home-produced eggs were associated with higher concentrations of BDEs, but for BDE congeners exposure routes other than diet require further investigation.

Conclusions

Dietary and non-dietary determinants predict individual POP concentrations in breast milk.

%B Environment International %V 131 %8 01-oct-2019 %G eng %R 10.1016/j.envint.2019.104979 %0 Journal Article %J Environment International %D 2019 %T Determinants of persistent organic pollutant (POP) concentrations in human breast milk of a cross-sectional sample of primiparous mothers in Belgium %A Raf Aerts %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Ann Colles %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Govindan Malarvannan %A Giulia Poma %A Elly Den Hond %A Els Van de Mieroop %A Marie-Christine Dewolf %A François Charlet %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Joris Van Loco %A Adrian Covaci %X

Background: Bio-accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment and in the food chain

can lead to high pollutant concentrations in human fat-containing tissues and breast milk.

Objectives: We aimed to identify the maternal characteristics that determined POP concentrations in breast milk

of primiparous mothers in Belgium.

Methods: Breast milk samples were obtained from a cross-sectional sample of 206 primiparous mothers in 2014.

POP concentrations in breast milk samples were determined by GC-ECNI-MS and GC-EI-MS/MS depending on

the analytes' sensitivity. Associations between POP concentrations in breast milk and potential determinants

were investigated using two-way contingency tables and multivariable generalized linear models.

Results: Fifteen of the 23 screened POPs were detected in the breast milk samples. Four organochlorine compounds

(p,p′-DDT, p,p′-DDE, HCB and β-HCH) and two brominated flame retardant congeners (BDE-47, BDE-

153) were detected at concentrations above the limit of quantification in>50% of the breast milk samples.

Maternal age and BMI were usually associated with higher POP concentrations. Rural residency and consumption

of home-produced eggs, fatty fish and fish oil supplements were associated with higher concentrations

of DDT and DDE. Consumption of fatty fish and being breastfed during childhood were associated with higher

concentrations of HCB and β-HCH. Fish oil supplements and home-produced eggs were associated with higher

concentrations of BDEs, but for BDE congeners exposure routes other than diet require further investigation.

Conclusions: Dietary and non-dietary determinants predict individual POP concentrations in breast milk.

%B Environment International %V 131 %G eng %& 104979 %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Determination of endocrine disrupting compounds in human placenta by UPLCESI-MS/MS %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A K. Vrijens %A T. Nawrot %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Joris Van Loco %A T Reyns %K endocrine disrupting compounds %K human placenta %K UPLCESI-MS/MS %X

Conclusions of the presentation given at the 11th International Symposium on Biological Monitoring in Occupational and Environmental Health (ISBM-11)

%B 11th International Symposium on Biological Monitoring in Occupational and Environmental Health (ISBM-11) %8 2019 aug 1 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Water and Health %D 2019 %T Human urine contamination with environmental pollutants: simultaneous determination using UPLC-MS/MS %A Beltifa, Asma %A Machreki, Monia %A Ghorbel, Asma %A Afifa Belaid %A Emna Smaoui %A Akrout, Feriele Messadi %A Di Bella, Giuseppa %A Nezar H. Khdary %A Tim Reyns %A Ben Mansour, Hedi %A Joris Van Loco %K biomonitoring %K Endocrine disruptors %K environmental contamination %K paraben derivatives %K UPLC-MS/MS %X

Paraben derivatives are widely used as an antifungal, antimicrobial preservative in cosmetic products, pharmaceuticals, and food. These molecules are called endocrine disruptors (EDCs). The exposure of the human body to paraben derivatives needs further study and for this purpose 200 urine samples were collected from Tunisian men and women aged between 5 and 90 years to determine three paraben derivatives: methylparaben (MP), ethylparaben (EP) and propylparaben (PP) using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS). The three major parabens were found in 95 urine samples. The obtained results indicate that MP, EP, and PP were detected in 57%, 46%, and 40% of all samples, respectively. Urinary concentration for the three parabens was in the range of 0.88-84.46 ng/mL, 0.52-29.2 ng/mL, and 0.51-28.17 ng/mL of PP, MP, and EP, respectively. In addition, the concentrations of the paraben derivatives in women were higher than those of men. These findings indicate that the exposure occurs from common products (foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals). The Tunisian authorities should control the composition of packaging of these common products in order to protect humans against EDCs.

%B Journal of Water and Health %V 17 %8 01 june 2019 %G eng %N 3 %& 371 %R 10.2166/wh.2019.264 %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Investigation of migrating substances from textile used as food contact material %A K Van den Houwe %A B Dewilde %A Joris Van Loco %A Séverine Goscinny %A Els Van Hoeck %K food contact materials %K Market survey. %K Migration %K SCREENING %K Textile/Fabric %X

With the polarized debate about paper and board packaging materials, food contact materials (FCM) made from fabrics/textiles has gain importance on the market. This trend is expected to rise with the prohibition of the Walloon and Brussels-Capital Region for single use plastic bags. In this context, the aim of the research was to evaluate the safety of these “new” food fabrics.
A simple ultra-sound assisted extraction of substances from the fabrics was done with acetonitrile to avoid any compound losses. Both a GC-MS full scan screening method and targeted quantitative assays were used to determine the levels of substances migrating from food fabrics. These protocols were carried out for 43 food fabrics carefully selected on the Belgian market. Well known food contaminants such as butylated hydroxy toluene, phthalates and photo-initiators were detected, but at very low levels. On the contrary, one bread bag sample contained higher amounts of bisphenol A.
It is well characterized that the migration of contaminants from food contact materials in foodstuffs is challenging due to the complexity and large variety of foodstuffs. To overcome this issue, migration experiments were carried out using food simulants. Consequently, the bread bag was brought into contact with the simulants for bread using accelerated time and temperature conditions to simulate migration. Analysis of the simulants afterwards showed no significant migration for Bisphenol A. Although this particular bread bag contains Bisphenol A, the migration thereof is limited and the article is considered to be food safe.
In conclusion, 43 food fabrics surveyed on the Belgian market were investigated for the migration of possible contaminants towards foodstuffs. Different compounds were detected but measured levels are very low and do not trigger safety concerns.

%B IMEKOFOODS4 %8 2019 sep 18 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Levels of Persistent organic pollutants in breast milk: Belgian results from the 6 th WHO-coordinated survey %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Laure Joly %A G. Malarvannan %A G. Poma %A A. Covaci %A Svetlana V. Malysheva %A A. Dussart %A Joris Van Loco %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %K breast milk %K PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS %K POP %X

Conclusions of the presentation given at the 11th International Symposium on Biological Monitoring in Occupational and Environmental Health (ISBM-11)

%B 11th International Symposium on Biological Monitoring in Occupational and Environmental Health (ISBM-11) %8 2019 aug 1 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2019 %T Open Lab Application for the Characterization of Nanomaterials by Transmission Electron Microscopy %A Karine Vandermeiren %A Eveline Verleysen %A Jan Mast %A Joris Van Loco %K Food Analysis %K Metrofood-RI %K nanomaterials %K open laboratory %K physico-chemical characterization %X

OPEN LAB APPLICATION FOR THE CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS BY TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY

Karine Vandermeiren(1), Eveline Verleysen(1), Jan Mast(1), Joris Van Loco*(1)

1) Sciensano, Belgium

*Corresponding author - E-mail: Joris.VanLoco@sciensano.be

Applications of nanotechnologies in the food sector are rapidly growing in several areas such as food processing, packaging, nutraceutical delivery, quality control, and functional foods to even the use of nanosensors to assure food quality and safety. Since it is widely expected that more and more nanotechnology based products will become available in the European Union over the coming years, the European Commission (EC) has developed a Recommendation that provides a basis to determine whether a material should be considered as a nanomaterial (NM) for legislative and policy purposes in the EU (2011/696/EU). The aim is to further apply and adapt this current Recommendation to sector specific needs such as food and food contact materials, biocidal products, cosmetics and medical devices. As a consequence there is a growing need for validated characterization methods and for certified materials facilitating the implementation of the EC Recommendation and sector-specific regulations. The physical and chemical characterization of NM in complex matrices like food is an extremely challenging task requiring expert knowledge and modern instrumentation. The application of electron microscopy (EM) for the characterization of NM is advised in several international guidelines, including guidelines of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and the Scientific Committee on emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR). However, EM based methodologies are cost- and labor-intensive and such dedicated infrastructures remain limited to specialized research institutions. Over the last years the National Reference Laboratory for Nanomaterials in Food of Sciensano (Belgium) has acquired high level expertise and instrumentation to measure the size, morphology, crystallographic structure and chemical composition of a wide range of NM by EM. Identification and measurement of particles can be performed in complex matrices such as food, cosmetics, medicines and environmental samples. A high degree of automation of the EM imaging and image analysis was recently developed to facilitate the measurement of particle size and shape distributions. Within the context of the METROFOOD-RI “Infrastructure for promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition” this facility will be further developed as a test case for an open laboratory application to be shared with interested universities, research institutes or companies, ultimately allowing remote operation of the EM and monitoring via VPN-connection.

%B Recent Advances in Food Analysis (RAFA) %I University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic %C Prague, Czech Republic %8 2019 %@ 978-80-7592-055-3 %G eng %U http://www.rafa2019.eu/pdf/RAFA2019_BoA_web.pdf %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Chromatography B %D 2019 %T Simultaneous determination of parabens, bisphenols and alkylphenols in human placenta by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Karen Vrijens %A Nawrot, Tim %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Joris Van Loco %A Tim Reyns %K Alkylphenol %K Bisphenol %K endocrine disruptor %K Paraben %K Placenta %K UHPLC-MS/MS %X

This study presents de development and validation of an ultra- high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of four parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butyl-paraben (MeP, EtP, PrP, BuP), four bisphenols (BP) (BPA, BPB, BPF, and BPS) and two alkylphenols (nonyl phenol (NP) and tert-octylphenol (OP) in human placenta samples. After a short sample preparation time the extracts are analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS using negative electrospray ionization. Labeled internal standards and matrix-matched calibration are used for quantification of the compounds. The method was validated according FDA guideline for bio analytical methods using spiked samples at three concentration levels (0.5–5 and 25 ng g−1). The parameters accuracy and precision fulfill the criteria. Calibration curves are linear between 0.5 and 50 ng −1. The limits of detection and quantification are in the range of 0.1–0.3 ng g−1 and 0.2–0.7 ng g−1, respectively. The applicability of the method was demonstrated on 71 human placenta samples from a Belgian cohort. The detection frequency was highest for OP (95%), EtP (86%), BPA (49%) and BPS (44%). Among the quantified compounds the highest quantification frequency was observed for OP (85%), EtP (65%) and BPA (25%). The concentrations of parabens ranged from 0.5 to 7.1 ng g−1 for MeP, from 0.5 to 4.5 ng g−1 for EtP and from 0.5 to 9.1 ng g−1 for PrP. The levels of bisphenols ranged from 0.5 to 3.9 ng g−1 for BPA, from 0.6 to 2.1 ng g−1 for BPF and from 0.8 to 1.3 ng g−1 for BPS. BPB and NP were not detected and OP levels ranged from 0.5 to 3.7 ng g g−1. The results demonstrate that the developed analytical method is very sensitive and that levels of several compounds with known /suspected endocrine disrupting properties could be detected or quantified in human placenta samples. The results therefore suggest that fetal exposure to these compounds occurs. The method will be useful for studies to evaluate the health effects associated with this prenatal exposure.

%B Journal of Chromatography B %V 1121 %8 15-07-2019 %G eng %& 96 %R 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.05.012 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Chromatography B %D 2019 %T Simultaneous determination of parabens, bisphenols and alkylphenols in human placenta by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A K. Vrijens %A Nawrot, T. %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Joris Van Loco %A Tim Reyns %K Alkylphenol %K Bisphenol %K endocrine disruptor %K Paraben %K Placenta %K UHPLC-MS/MS %X

This study presents de development and validation of an ultra- high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of four parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butyl-paraben (MeP, EtP, PrP, BuP), four bisphenols (BP) (BPA, BPB, BPF, and BPS) and two  alkylphenols (nonyl phenol (NP) and tert-octylphenol (OP) in human placenta samples.  After a short sample preparation time the extracts are analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS using negative electrospray ionization.  Labeled internal standards and matrix-matched calibration are used for quantification of the compounds. The method was validated according FDA guideline for bio analytical methods using spiked samples at three concentration levels (0.5-5 and 25 ng g−1). The parameters accuracy and precision fulfill the criteria. Calibration curves are linear between 0.5 and 50 ng −1. The limits of detection and quantification are in the range of 0.1-0.3 ng g−1 and 0.2 -0.7 ng g−1, respectively. The applicability of the method was demonstrated on  71 human placenta samples from a Belgian cohort. The detection frequency was highest for OP (95%), EtP (86%), BPA (49%) and BPS (44%). Among the quantified compounds the highest quantification frequency was observed for OP (85%), EtP (65%) and BPA (25%). The concentrations of parabens ranged from 0.5-7.1 ng g−1 for MeP, from 0.5-4.5 ng g−1 for EtP and from 0.5-9.1 ng g−1 for PrP. The levels of bisphenols ranged from 0.5-3.9 ng g−1 for BPA, from 0.6-2.1 ng g−1 for BPF and from 0.8-1.3 ng g−1 for BPS. BPB and NP were not detected and OP levels ranged from 0.5-3.7 ng g−1. The results demonstrate that the developed analytical method is very sensitive and that levels of several compounds with known /suspected endocrine disrupting properties could be detected or quantified in human placenta samples. The results therefore suggest that fetal exposure to these compounds occurs. The method will be useful for studies to evaluate the health effects associated with this prenatal exposure.

%B Journal of Chromatography B %V 1121 %8 May 2019 %G eng %& 96 %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Determination of endocrine disrupting compounds in human placenta by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS: a preliminary study on parabens, bisphenols and alkyl phenols %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A K. Vrijens %A Nawrot, T. %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Joris Van Loco %A Tim Reyns %B International symposium on halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) DIOXIN 2018 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2018 %T Levels of organochlorinated pesticide residues and other persistent organic pollutants in breast milk: the Belgian results from the 6th WHO-coordinated survey %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Laure Joly %A Malarvannan,G. %A Poma,G. %A Covaci,A. %A A. Colles %A Koppen, G. %A E. Den Hond %A E. Van de Mieroop %A M.C. De Wolf %A F. Charlet %A Svetlana V. Malysheva %A Vanhouche,M. %A A. Dussart %A Joris Van Loco %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %K breast milk %K organochlorinated pesticide residues %K PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS %X

Conclusions of the presentation given at the International symposium on halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) DIOXIN 2018

%B International symposium on halogenated Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) DIOXIN 2018 %8 2018 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Archives of Microbiology %D 2018 %T UPLC-MS/MS analysis of antibiotics in pharmaceutical effluent in Tunisia: ecotoxicological impact and multi-resistant bacteria dissemination %A Tahrani, Leyla %A Mehri, Ines %A Tim Reyns %A Anthonissen, Roel %A Luc Verschaeve %A Anis Bel Haj Khalifa %A Joris Van Loco %A Abdenaceur, Hassen %A Mansour, Hedi Ben %K Antibiotic multi-resistance %K Biotests %K genotoxicity %K Pharmaceutical effluent %K UPLC-MSMS %X The UPLC MS/MS analysis showed the presence of the two antibiotics in the pharmaceutical industry discharges during 3 months; norfloxacin and spiramycin which were quantified with the mean concentrations of 226.7 and 84.2 ng mL−1, respectively. Sixteen resistant isolates were obtained from the pharmaceutical effluent and identified by sequencing. These isolates belong to different genera, namely Citrobacter, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Delftia, Shewanella, and Rheinheimera. The antibiotic resistance phenotypes of these isolates were determined (27 tested antibiotics-discs). All the studied isolates were found resistant to amoxicillin and gentamicin, and 83.33% of isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Multiple antibiotic resistances were revealed against β-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides families. Our overall results suggest that the obtained bacterial isolates may constitute potential candidates for bioremediation and can be useful for biotechnological applications. Genotoxic effects were assessed by a battery of biotests; the pharmaceutical wastewater was genotoxic according to the bacterial Vitotox test and micronuclei test. Genotoxicity was also evaluated by the comet test; the tail DNA damages reached 38 and 22% for concentrated sample (10×) and non-concentrated sample (1×), respectively. However, the histological sections of kidney and liver’s mice treated by pharmaceutical effluent showed normal histology and no visible structural effects or alterations as cytolysis, edema, or ulcerative necrosis were observed. Residual antibiotics can reach water environment through wastewater and provoke dissemination of the antibiotics resistance and induce genotoxic effects. %B Archives of Microbiology %V 200 %8 Jan-05-2018 %G eng %N 4 %R 10.1007/s00203-017-1467-x %0 Journal Article %J Food Chem Toxicol %D 2017 %T Assessment of dietary intake of 10 intense sweeteners by the Italian population. %A Le Donne, Cinzia %A Mistura, Lorenza %A Séverine Goscinny %A Steven Janvier %A Koenraad Cuypers %A D'Addezio, Laura %A Sette, Stefania %A Catasta, Giovina %A Ferrari, Marika %A Piccinelli, Raffaela %A Joris Van Loco %A Turrini, Aida %K Aspartame %K Beverages %K Diet Surveys %K Dietary Supplements %K Food Labeling %K Humans %K ITALY %K Sweetening Agents %X

The aim of the present study was to monitor the consumption of foods containing intense sweeteners present on the Italian food market and to investigate whether the Italian general population (aged >3-65+) was at risk for exceeding the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 10 intense sweeteners. A food label survey was performed in Rome (Italy), using market share data to identify the brands more representative of the market. A sample of 326 foods (table-top sweeteners included), beverages and food supplements containing intense sweeteners was collected and analyzed in order to establish the concentration levels. Intense sweeteners were only found in foods belonging to 8 sugar-free food categories out of 37 regulated. The dietary exposure was estimated using the tiered approach. Food consumption data from the last Italian national survey (INRAN-SCAI 2005-06) were combined with Maximum Levels at Tier 2, and with the actual concentration of sweeteners in the collected food products at Tier 3. The estimated exposure among consumers of sweeteners in Italy was well below the ADIs, in both tiers; non-alcoholic beverages, table-top sweeteners and food supplements were main contributors to exposure.

%B Food Chem Toxicol %V 102 %P 186-197 %8 2017 Apr %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28216168?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.fct.2017.02.014 %0 Journal Article %J Microb Pathog %D 2017 %T Designation of pathogenic resistant bacteria in the Sparusaurata sea collected in Tunisia coastlines: Correlation with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of antibiotics. %A Zouiten, Amina %A Mehri, Ines %A Beltifa, Asma %A Ghorbel, Asma %A Sire, Olivier %A Joris Van Loco %A Abdenaceur, Hassen %A Tim Reyns %A Ben Mansour, Hedi %K Antibiotic pollution %K Sparus aurata L. %K Vibrio alginolyticus %K Vibrio parahaemolyticus %X

Vibrio is characterized by a large number of species and some of them are human pathogens causing gastro intestinal and wound infections through the ingestion or manipulation of contaminated fishes including Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus. In this study, we reported the phenotypic and molecular characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio alginolyticus strains isolated from wild and farm sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) along the Tunisian coast from December 2015 to April 2016. Therefore, the antibiograms indicate a difference between farmed and wild fish. Resistance against amoxicillin antibiotic appears for the bacteria isolated from wild fish, while those from aquaculture farming presented sensitivity to amoxicillin and resistance to antibiotics colistin and fusidic acid. The chloramphenicol antibiotic exhibited a high sensitivity in all isolated bacteria. In fact, traces of amoxicillin in the organs of the fish from Hergla farm were detected by UPLC-MS/MS analysis during December 2016 to April 2016. In addition, antibiotics were detected in January 2014 with high concentration of norfloxacin 2262 ng/g in fish from Hergla coast. The results obtained in this work indicated that the use and presence of antibiotics in water impacts on the occurrence of resistant bacteria and the detection of antibiotic in fish.

%B Microb Pathog %V 106 %P 3-8 %8 2017 May %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28062288?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.01.004 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2017 %T Development and validation of a quantitative UHPLC-MS/MS method for selected brominated flame retardants in food. %A Svetlana V. Malysheva %A Séverine Goscinny %A Malarvannan, Govindan %A Poma, Giulia %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Voorspoels, Stefan %A Covaci, Adrian %A Joris Van Loco %K brominated flame retardants %K bromophenols %K Food Analysis %K HBCDsTBBPA %K UHPLC-MS/MS %X

An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated (in-house) for the quantification of selected brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS) and bromophenols (BPs), in various food matrices. The sample preparation consisted of extraction of TBBPS with acidified acetonitrile followed by a fast dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) clean-up and extraction of the other BFRs with a mixture of hexane and dichloromethane (1:1, v/v) with subsequent clean-up using acidified silica (44%, w/w). The limits of quantification of the method varied widely for the types of food matrices and the different classes of BFRs from 4 pg g(-1) wet weight (ww) to 8 ng g(-1) ww. For most of the analytes the apparent recovery was in the range 70-120%, and the method precision (under repeatability conditions) was below 20%. The method was successfully applied in proficiency testing exercises as well as for analysis of various food items. Only 25% of the collected food samples contained BFRs, with 4-bromophenol and α-HBCD as the only detected compounds. The contaminated foodstuffs were fish and eggs with concentrations in the range from 48 to 305 pg g(-1) ww.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %8 2017 Oct 31 %G eng %R 10.1080/19440049.2017.1393110 %0 Generic %D 2017 %T METROFOOD-RI: Inventory of the facilities and organisation of the physical infrastructure %A J. Alexandre %A Emmanuel Tangni %A C Zoani %A O. Donard %A G. Zappa %A Joris Van Loco %K food %K Metrology %K NUTRITION %K Physical facilities %K research infrastructure %X

METROFOOD-RI is a Research Infrastructure (RI) for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition composed by a Physical (P-RI) and an electronic (e-RI) infrastructure which are strictly interconnected. PRO-METROFOOD Project (H2020 INFRADEV-02-2016, GA n.739568) represents the “Early Phase” of the RI and has among its objectives the definition of the operational capacities of the P-RI, with the design of its scientific services. The facilities have been inventoried and classified in a database, which provides an organized overview of the capacities of the distributed P-RI.

%B IMEKOFOODS %I IMEKOFOODS %C Thessaloniki, Greece %8 2017 %G eng %0 Generic %D 2017 %T Occurrence of halogenated flame retardants in Belgian foodstuff %A G Poma %A Svetlana V. Malysheva %A Séverine Goscinny %A S Voorspoels %A G Malarvannan %A G Jacobs %A Joris Van Loco %A A Covaci %B Dioxin %G eng %0 Generic %D 2017 %T Occurrence of HBCDs, TBBPA, brominated phenols and their derivative in foodstuffs in Belgium %A Svetlana V. Malysheva %A Séverine Goscinny %A G Malarvannan %A G Poma %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A G Jacobs %A S Voorspoels %A A Covaci %A Joris Van Loco %K brominated phenols %K food %K HBCDs %K TBBPA %X %B BFR 2017 %G eng %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Pollut Res Int %D 2017 %T Plasticizers and bisphenol A, in packaged foods sold in the Tunisian markets: study of their acute in vivo toxicity and their environmental fate. %A Beltifa, Asma %A Feriani, Anouar %A Machreki, Monia %A Ghorbel, Asma %A Ghazouani, Lakhdar %A Di Bella, Giuseppa %A Joris Van Loco %A Tim Reyns %A Mansour, Hedi Ben %K Acute toxicity; Biochemical analysis; Bisphenol A; Food contamination; Marine organisms; Plasticizers. %X

Today, processed and packaged foods are considered as among the major sources of human exposure to plasticizers and bisphenol which migrate from plastic packing. In the present study, a wide range of food products sold on the Tunisian market such as grain and grain products, milk and dairy products, fats and oil, drink, fish, and sweets have been analyzed firstly in order to identify the presence of phthalates and bisphenol. Then, the identified chemical molecules were studied for their environmental fate and tested in vivo for its toxicity in mice models. The food products analyzed using GC-MS/MS indicated the presence of the benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), diisodecyl phthalate (DiDP), diisononyl phthalate (DiNP), and 1,2-cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid diisononyl ester (DINC) and which using UPLC-MS/MS demonstrated the presence of bisphenol A of all food products. However, compared to other phthalates, BBP was found at high concentrations in the puff pastry (123 mg/kg), milk (2.59 mg/kg), butter (1.5 mg/kg), yogurt (2.23 mg/kg), oil (6.94 mg/kg), water (0.57 mg/kg), candy 1 (2.35 mg/kg), candy 2 (0.81 mg/kg), orange juice (1.25 mg/kg), peach juice (1.26 mg/kg), fruit juices (0.4 mg/kg), and chocolate (0.884 mg/kg). The obtained data in vivo clearly showed that the acute administration of BBP caused hepatic and renal damage as demonstrated by an increase in biochemical parameters as well as the activities of plasma marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, urea, creatinine, and uric acid when compared to the control group. By the same occurrence, the histopathological study revealed that BBP strongly modified the structure of hepatic and renal tissues. In addition, the plasticizers and BBP will therefore discharge via wastewater treatment plants in aquatic system and could reach marine organisms such as fish. We have followed the fate of BBP in bream Sparus aurata. In fact, chemical analysis showed the contamination of wild S. aurata by BBP from Sousse Coast (1.5 mg/kg) and wild S. aurata from Monastir Coast (0.33 mg/kg).

%B Environ Sci Pollut Res Int %8 2017 Aug 12 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28801775?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1007/s11356-017-9861-0 %0 Journal Article %J Packaging Technology and Science %D 2017 %T The Use of Tenax® as a Simulant for the Migration of Contaminants in Dry Foodstuffs: A Review %A Kathy Van Den Houwe %A Joris Van Loco %A Lynen, F. %A Els Van Hoeck %K food contact material %K Migration %K REVIEW %K Tenax® %X Packaging materials are found to represent a source of contamination through the migration of substances from the packaging into the foodstuff. As a response to an increasing number of food‐safety issues, research on the migration of chemicals from packaging materials into foodstuffs is being conducted. Moreover, packaging materials are tested for the migration of chemicals through migration experiments, using food simulants. EU Regulation N°10/2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food specifies the use of the adsorbent poly(2,6‐diphenylphenylene oxide) or Tenax® as a simulant for dry foodstuffs. Already in 2010, Tenax® migration profiles in the temperature range between −18 and 40°C were modelled for some compounds. Since then, numerous studies have been reported on the migration and migration kinetics of a series of contaminants such as alkylbenzenes, antioxidants, fatty acid esters, isothiazolinone biocides, photo‐initiators, mineral oil and phthalates in Tenax®. In some of these studies, the migration to Tenax® has been compared to real foodstuffs or alternative simulants. In this contribution, the performance of Tenax® as food simulant for dry foodstuffs will be discussed, thereby comparing its performance with real foodstuffs and other potential adsorbents that can be used as simulant such as Porapak. %B Packaging Technology and Science %V 2214116830316964671450389233872721403483131751141012826182833312871 %8 Jun-05-2019 %G eng %N 24129510894341215799 %R 10.1002/pts.2320 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2017 %T Use of Tenax® films to demonstrate the migration of chemical contaminants from cardboard into dry food. %A Kathy Van Den Houwe %A Evrard, C %A Joris Van Loco %A Lynen, F %A Els Van Hoeck %K Food Contamination %K Food Packaging %K Polymers %X

Contaminants in food packaging are a challenge of our time since the packaging material itself has been found to represent a source of food contamination through the migration of substances from it. Before first use, packaging materials destined for the packaging of dry foods can be evaluated by performing migration experiments with the simulant for dry foods, Tenax®. This simulant is commercially available as a powder that is more difficult to handle during the migration experiments. This paper reports the development of a Tenax film. The film can be applied to the cardboard surface to conduct the migration test. After the migration is completed, the film can be easily extracted to determine the concentration of the contaminants in the film. Finally, the performance of the Tenax film was compared with the conventional Tenax powder for the evaluation of 15 model migrants.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 34 %P 1261-1269 %8 2017 Jul %G eng %N 7 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28513336?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/19440049.2017.1326067 %0 Journal Article %J Nutrients %D 2017 %T Validity and Reproducibility of a Food Frequency Questionnaire for Dietary Factors Related to Colorectal Cancer %A Tollosa, Daniel %A Van Camp, John %A Huybrechts, Inge %A Huybregts, Lieven %A Joris Van Loco %A De Smet, Stefaan %A Sterck, Ellen %A Céline Rabâi %A Van Hecke, Thomas %A Vanhaecke, Lynn %A Vossen, Els %A Peeters, Marc %A Lachat, Carl %K reproducibility; validity; FFQ’s; food diary; colorectal cancer %X

Dietary factors play a major role in the development of colorectal cancer. This study evaluated the reproducibility and validity of a 109-food item Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) to measure the consumption of foods and nutrients related to the development of colorectal cancer in a population aged ≥50 years in Flanders, Belgium. A semi-quantitative FFQ was administered two times in a period of two weeks to evaluate reproducibility (FFQ1 and FFQ2). The validity of the FFQ was assessed by comparing FFQ1 against the 3-day diary method (3 DD). A total of 162 respondents (mean age 57.5 years) provided data for the FFQ, of whom 156 also participated in the validity assessment. Mean differences in the intake of foods and nutrients between FFQ1 and FFQ2 were, overall, small and statistically insignificant. However, a higher estimation was observed by FFQ1 as compared to the 3-DD method for the majority of food groups and nutrient intake in the validity assessment. A systematic mean difference (g/day) was observed for eight food groups in the Bland-Altman agreement test; the largest was for fruit intake. Regarding the nutrients, a systematic mean difference was observed in calcium, fat, and vitamin D intake. Overall, the reproducibility of the FFQ was good, and its validity could be satisfactory for estimating absolute food and nutrient intakes and ranking individuals according to high and low intake categories.

%B Nutrients %V 9777531063 %8 Jan-11-2017 %G eng %N 11 %R 10.3390/nu9111257 %0 Journal Article %J Toxins (Basel) %D 2016 %T Application of LC-MS/MS MRM to Determine Staphylococcal Enterotoxins (SEB and SEA) in Milk. %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Tsilia, Varvara %A Rajkovic, Andreja %A Koen De Cremer %A Joris Van Loco %K Animals %K Chromatography, Liquid %K Enterotoxins %K Food Contamination %K milk %K Peptides %K Solid phase extraction %K Staphylococcus aureus %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %X

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the important aetiological agents of food intoxications in Europe and can cause gastro-enteritis through the production of various staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) in foods. Due to their stability and ease of production and dissemination, some SEs have also been studied as potential agents for bioterrorism. Therefore, specific and accurate analytical tools are required to detect and quantify SEs. Online solid-phase extraction liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (online SPE-LC-ESI-MS/MS) based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used to detect and quantify two types of SE (A and B) spiked in milk and buffer solution. SE extraction and concentration was performed according to the European Screening Method developed by the European Reference Laboratory for Coagulase Positive Staphylococci. Trypsin digests were screened for the presence of SEs using selected proteotypic heavy-labeled peptides as internal standards. SEA and SEB were successfully detected in milk samples using LC-MS/MS in MRM mode. The selected SE peptides were proteotypic for each toxin, allowing the discrimination of SEA and SEB in a single run. The detection limit of SEA and SEB was approximately 8 and 4 ng/g, respectively.

%B Toxins (Basel) %V 8 %P 118 %8 2016 Apr 20 %G eng %N 4 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27104569?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3390/toxins8040118 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Brominated flame retardants in Belgian foodstuffs - recent evaluation by a novel UPLC-MS/MS method %A Svetlana V. Malysheva %A Séverine Goscinny %A Malarvannan,G. %A Poma,G. %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Voorspoels,S. %A Covaci,A. %A Joris Van Loco %E Bustamente,P. %E Lebizec,B. %E Mouneyrac,C. %E Pilven,S. %E Poirier,L. %E Thibault-Pralin,P. %E Roussel,H. %K an %K analysi %K analysis %K Animal %K Animals %K AS %K assessment %K Belgium %K brominated flame retardants %K calculation %K Categories %K chemicals %K chromatography %K CONSUMPTION %K Countries %K data %K effect %K effects %K environment %K European %K EVALUATION %K food %K Food Chain %K Frequency %K HBCD %K Human %K Humans %K INFORMATION %K intake %K IS %K LEVEL %K levels %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K measure %K measurement %K Meat %K method %K milk %K Monitoring %K occurrence %K ON %K Order %K performance %K POPULATION %K PRODUCTS %K protocol %K resistance %K result %K results %K Sample %K Samples %K seafood %K Solid phase extraction %K study %K survey %K System %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K UPLC-MS/MS %K variety %K work %X The study was undertaken as consequence of the Commission Recommendation 2014/118/EU on the Europe-wide monitoring of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in food. BFRs are anthropogenic chemicals that are added to a wide variety of consumer products in order to improve their fire resistance. BFRs may leach from the products into the environment. Due to their persistence and potential to bioaccumulate in the food chain, BFRs may cause toxic effects in humans and animals. There is a lack of information on the occurrence of BFRs in foodstuffs, which has hampered accurate completion of intake assessments. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the presence and to measure the levels of BFRs, namely brominated phenols (BPs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its derivatives in foodstuffs consumed by the Belgian population.Quantitative measurements were performed using ultra-high performance - tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) on an ACQUITY UPLC system coupled to a Xevo-TQ-S mass spectrometer. Sample preparation protocol consisted of a QuEChERS-based extraction followed by two parallel clean-up procedures. Column chromatography with acidified silica gel and dispersive solid-phase extraction with C18 and carbon sorbents were used to eliminate lipids, pigments and eventually other matrix components from the extract. The method is applicable to a wide variety of food matrices and was in-house validated. Representative portions of food samples belonging to different categories, such as fish and seafood, meat and meat products, chicken eggs, oils and fats, milk and dairy products, were collected from Belgian (super)markets in 2015. The samples were pooled per food category according to the consumption data of the Belgian Food Consumption Survey, after which they were lyophilized and subjected to the multi-analyte LC-MS/MS analysis. In this work, data on the occurrence and levels of BFRs in different food commodities consumed in Belgium will be presented. The results will be discussed with regards to the frequency of occurrence and highest detected concentrations of the BFRs, and compared to existent data for other (European) countries. This data will be decisive in the subsequent calculation of intake levels. %B SETAC-2016 %8 22/5/2016 %G eng %N Bustamente,P., Lebizec,B., Mouneyrac,C., Pilven,S., Poirier,L., Thibault-Pralin,P., Roussel,H. %1 2544 %2 22/05/2016-26/05/2016 %0 Journal Article %J Food Control %D 2016 %T Determination of halogenated flame retardants in food: optimization and validation of a method based on a two-step clean-up and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry %A Poma,G. %A Malarvannan,G. %A Voorspoels,S. %A Symons,N. %A Svetlana V. Malysheva %A Joris Van Loco %A Covaci,A. %K acid %K ALL %K analysi %K analysis %K Antwerp %K AS %K Categories %K Clean up %K criteria %K Eggs %K emerging halogenated flame retardants %K European %K Flame Retardants %K food %K Food Analysis %K food market basket %K gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) %K Meat %K method %K milk %K Mode %K ON %K PBDEs %K performance %K Sample %K Samples %K silica %K Target %K TBA %K Type %K VALIDATION %K Weight %K work %X In this work, a new simple method based on a two-step clean-up and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis for the determination of emerging halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), such as dechlorane plus (DP) and brominated phthalates, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in different food items was optimized and validated. Several types of food items, i.e. fish (smoked salmon and cod fillet), meat (chicken breast), chicken eggs, cow milk, and extra virgin olive oil, were chosen as representative matrices of the main food categories. After lyophilisation, the food samples were extracted using acetonitrile:toluene (9:1, v/v). As interferences, such as lipids and pigments, were co-extracted, a two-step clean-up (including Florisil and acid silica) was performed to efficiently remove them prior to GC-MS analysis in electron capture negative ionization mode (GC-ECNI/MS). The performance criteria established by the European Commission (2014/118/EU) were achieved with this method for all target analytes, except for the LOQ achieved for BDE-209 (0.1 ng/g wet weight, ww). The trueness ranged between 75 and 125% for most compounds and the matrices analyzed and the repeatability (expressed as RSD%) was <20%, within the set performance criteria. The method was then used for the determination of PBDEs and emerging HFRs in 20 different food items purchased from Antwerp supermarkets, revealing a prevalent contamination with PBDEs (up to 2.02 ng/g ww) and tribromoanisole (up to 6.6 ng/g ww) in the fish/seafood category. %B Food Control %V 65 %P 168 - 176 %8 22/1/2016 %G eng %1 2542 %& 168 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.01.027 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Development of UPLC-MS/MS methods for endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in placenta in an ongoing mother-birth cohort in Belgium %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Tim Reyns %A Nawrot,T. %A Vrijens,K. %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Joris Van Loco %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %K an %K Belgium %K biomonitoring %K chemicals %K conference %K Development %K Human %K Human biomonitoring %K International %K method %K methods %K ON %K UPLC-MS/MS %B 2nd International Conference on Human Biomonitoring %I WIV-ISP %C Germany %8 17/4/2016 %G eng %N Federal Ministry for the Environment,Nature Conservation,Building and Nuclear Safety and the German Environment Agency %1 2515 %2 17-19/04/2016 %0 Report %D 2016 %T Dietary exposure to low calorie sweeteners %A Séverine Goscinny %A Steven Janvier %A Joris Van Loco %K Diet %K exposure %K sweeteners %I WIV-ISP %C Brussels, Belgium %P NA %8 2016 %G eng %M NA %0 Journal Article %J Environ Sci Pollut Res Int %D 2016 %T Ecotoxicological potential of antibiotic pollution-industrial wastewater: bioavailability, biomarkers, and occurrence in Mytilus galloprovincialis. %A Zouiten, Amina %A Beltifa, Asma %A Joris Van Loco %A Mansour, Hedi Ben %A Tim Reyns %K Animals %K Anti-Bacterial Agents %K Bacillus %K Biodegradation, Environmental %K Biomarkers %K DNA Fragmentation %K Ecotoxicology %K Gills %K Male %K Mytilus %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K Waste water %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %K Water Quality %X

Environmental pollution by pharmaceutical residues has become a major problem in many countries worldwide. However, little is known about the concentrations of pharmaceuticals in water sources in Tunisia. Residues in the natural environment have been of increasing concern due to their impact on bacteria resistance development and toxicity to natural communities and ultimately to public health. In this work, we collected the wastewater sample from a pharmaceutical industry, which specializes in the antibiotics manufacture, during the years 2014-2015. Generally, this effluent is discharged into the marine environment and causes environmental problems. The Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis was commonly used as a model organism for its peculiar morphofunctional properties which also make it an excellent marine environmental biomonitoring species. The histological sections of mussel, which are exposed at different dilutions of pharmaceutical wastewater (PW), indicate a large pathological power revealed on the gills. On the other hand, genotoxicity of the studied effluent was evaluated using comet assay for quantification of DNA fragmentation in gill cells. Results show that PW exhibited a statistically significant (p < 0.001) genotoxic effect in a dose-dependent manner. However, the toxic effects of PW decreased significantly after its treatment with Bacillus atrophaeus. Toxicities can be imputed to the presence of antibiotics. In fact, chemical analysis of the gills of mussel M. galloprovincialis using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) showed the presence of some antibiotic residues. These concentrations decrease to half in mussels treated with PW biodegraded by B. atrophaeus.

%B Environ Sci Pollut Res Int %V 23 %P 15343-50 %8 2016 Aug %G eng %N 15 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27109112?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1007/s11356-016-6713-2 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Estimation of dietary intake for PBDEs and other halogenated flame retardants in belgium %A Poma,G. %A Malarvannan,G. %A Séverine Goscinny %A Voorspoels,S. %A Svetlana V. Malysheva %A Joris Van Loco %A Covaci,A. %E Mocarelli,P. %E Brambilla,P. %K ALL %K an %K AS %K assessment %K Belgium %K brominated flame retardants %K Categories %K chemicals %K CONSUMPTION %K Dairy Products %K data %K dietary %K Dietary exposure %K Dietary intake %K Dietary-intake %K Eggs %K environment %K exposure %K fat %K Fats %K Flame Retardants %K food %K foodstuffs %K health %K Human %K Infant %K intake %K IS %K journal %K LEVEL %K levels %K Meat %K Monitoring %K occurrence %K ON %K Order %K PBDEs %K POPULATION %K PRODUCTS %K RANGE %K recommendation %K Research %K result %K results %K risk %K Risk Assessment %K Sample %K Samples %K study %K TBA %K traces %K Vegetable %X Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are chemicals used in a wide range of consumer products in order to reduce their flammability. Because most BFRs are not chemically bonded to the products which they are added to, they can easily leach into the environment, ending up in air, sediments, biota, and food products for human consumption (Bekker et al., 2008) %B Dioxin 2016 %8 0/0/2016 %G eng %N Mocarelli,P., Brambilla,P. %1 2604 %2 28/08/2016 - 02/09/2016 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2016 %T Evaluation of the migration of chemicals from baby bottles under standardised and duration testing conditions. %A Onghena, Matthias %A Els Van Hoeck %A Negreira, Noelia %A Quirynen, Laurent %A Joris Van Loco %A Covaci, Adrian %K Animals %K Belgium %K Bottle Feeding %K Detergents %K Diffusion %K European Union %K Food Contamination %K Hot Temperature %K Materials Testing %K microwaves %K milk %K Models, Chemical %K Nylons %K Plasticizers %K plastics %K Polyesters %K Polymers %K Polypropylenes %K Silicones %K Sterilization %K Sulfones %X

After the prohibition of bisphenol-A-containing polycarbonate baby bottles in the European Union (EU), alternative materials, such as polypropylene, polyethersulphone, Tritan™ copolyester, etc., have appeared on the market. Based on an initial screening and in vitro toxicity assessment, the most toxic migrating compounds were selected to be monitored and quantified using validated GC- and LC-QqQ-MS methods. The effect of several 'real-life-use conditions', such as microwave, sterilisation and dishwasher, on the migration of different contaminants was evaluated by means of duration tests. These results were compared with a reference treatment (filling five times with pre-heated simulant at 40°C) and with the legal EU 'repetitive-use conditions' (three migrations, 2 h at 70°C). Analysis of the third migration step of the EU repetitive-use conditions (which has to comply with the EU legislative migration limits) showed that several non-authorised compounds were observed in some baby bottles exceeding 10 µg kg(-1). However, all authorised compounds were detected well below their respective specific migration limits (SMLs). The reference experiment confirmed the migration of some of the compounds previously detected in the EU repetitive-use experiment, though at lower concentrations. Analysis of extracts from the microwave and dishwasher experiments showed a reduction in the migration during the duration tests. In general, the concentrations found were low and comparable with the reference experiment. Similar observations were made for the two sterilisation types: steam and cooking sterilisation. However, steam sterilisation seems to be more recommended for daily use of baby bottles, since it resulted in a lower release of substances afterwards. Repeated use of baby bottles under 'real-life' conditions showed no increase in the migration of investigated compounds and, after some time, the migration of these compounds even became negligible.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 33 %P 893-904 %8 2016 May %G eng %N 5 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27043734?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/19440049.2016.1171914 %0 Journal Article %J Food Chem Toxicol %D 2016 %T Evaluation of the potential health risks of substances migrating from polycarbonate replacement baby bottles. %A Birgit Mertens %A Els Van Hoeck %A Marie-Noelle Blaude %A Simon, Coraline %A Onghena, Matthias %A Vandermarken, Tara %A Van Langenhove, Kersten %A Heidi Demaegdt %A Karine Vandermeiren %A Covaci, Adrian %A Scippo, Marie-Louise %A Elskens, Marc %A Joris Van Loco %K Air Pollutants, Occupational %K Benzhydryl Compounds %K Bottle Feeding %K Endocrine disruptors %K Food Contamination %K Humans %K Infant %K Phenols %K Plasticizers %K plastics %K Polycarboxylate Cement %K Polymers %K Risk Assessment %X

Since the European Commission prohibited the use of bisphenol A in the production of polycarbonate (PC) baby bottles, many other materials have replaced PC for the manufacture of this type of food contact materials. In the present study, the potential migration risks associated with these alternative materials were investigated. First, all substances were evaluated for endocrine disruptive (ED) activity by using different existing lists of (suspected) ED chemicals. Next, the potential non-ED risks were assessed. A distinction was made between migrants listed in Annex I of European Regulation 10/2011 and the unlisted substances (e.g. non-intentionally added substances). For the listed substances, concentrations in the migration solutions were compared to their respective specific migration limits (SML) (when applicable). Migration of all substances was shown to be below their SML. The unlisted substances were evaluated using toxicological information from previous evaluations, or if not available, by applying the Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) approach. In case the estimated exposure to the unlisted substance exceeded the human exposure TTC value, a more indepth risk assessment was performed. Based on the results of both parts of the study, four baby bottles were considered of high concern because of the potential toxicity of migrating compounds.

%B Food Chem Toxicol %V 97 %P 108-119 %8 2016 Nov %G eng %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27591929?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.019 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Human biomonitoring as a tool for objective exposure assessment: A case-study of a major train accident with acrylonitrile in Belgium %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A De Smedt,T. %A Smons,K. %A Stove,C. %A De Paepe,P. %A Nemery,B. %A Bader,M. %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Sébastien Fierens %A Birgit Mertens %A Koen De Cremer %A T. Goen %A Schettgen,T. %A Herman Van Oyen %A Joris Van Loco %K accident %K acrylonitrile %K approach %K AS %K assessment %K biomonitoring %K exposure %K exposure assessment %K health %K Human %K Human biomonitoring %K International %K Objective %K Science %K Societies %K Society %B Interdisciplinary Approaches for Health and the Environment %I NA %C NA %8 10/9/2016 %G eng %N International Society of Exposure Science ISES, %1 2516 %2 9-13/10/2016 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Human biomonitoring in the Wetteren incident %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A De Smedt ,T. %A Simons,K. %A Stove,C. %A De Paepe,P. %A Nemery,B. %A Bader,M. %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Sébastien Fierens %A Birgit Mertens %A Koen De Cremer %A T. Goen %A Schettgen,T. %A Herman Van Oyen %A Joris Van Loco %K biomonitoring %K Cost %K Diagnosis %K European %K exposure %K Human %K Human biomonitoring %K Monitoring %K prevention %K Wetteren %B European COST project DiMoPEX, Diagnosis, monitoring, prevention of exposure related non-communicable diseases %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2016 %G eng %N DiMoPEX %1 2642 %2 October 18, 2016. %0 Government Document %D 2016 %T Inname van laagcalorische zoetstoffen bij diabetespatiënten %A Joris Van Loco %A Casteels,K. %A Matthys,C. %K zoetstoffen %B Vlaams tijdschrift voor diabetologie %I Diabetes Liga %C Gent, Belgium %V 1 %P 4 %8 1/06/2016 %G eng %& 26 %0 Journal Article %J Food Chem Toxicol %D 2016 %T Investigation of the genotoxicity of substances migrating from polycarbonate replacement baby bottles to identify chemicals of high concern. %A Birgit Mertens %A Simon, Coraline %A Melissa Van Bossuyt %A Onghena, Matthias %A Vandermarken, Tara %A Van Langenhove, Kersten %A Heidi Demaegdt %A Els Van Hoeck %A Joris Van Loco %A Karine Vandermeiren %A Covaci, Adrian %A Scippo, Marie-Louise %A Elskens, Marc %A Luc Verschaeve %K Benzhydryl Compounds %K Food Contamination %K Humans %K Infant %K Mutagens %K Phenols %K Polycarboxylate Cement %X

Due to the worldwide concern that bisphenol A might act as an endocrine disruptor, alternative materials for polycarbonate (PC) have been introduced on the European market. However, PC-replacement products might also release substances of which the toxicological profile--including their genotoxic effects--has not yet been characterized. Because a thorough characterization of the genotoxic profile of all these substances is impossible in the short term, a strategy was developed in order to prioritize those substances for which additional data are urgently needed. The strategy consisted of a decision tree using hazard information related to genotoxicity. The relevant information was obtained from the database of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), in silico prediction tools (ToxTree and Derek Nexus(TM)) and the in vitro Vitotox(®) test for detecting DNA damage. By applying the decision tree, substances could be classified into different groups, each characterized by a different probability to induce genotoxic effects. Although none of the investigated substances could be unequivocally identified as genotoxic, the presence of genotoxic effects could neither be excluded for any of them. Consequently, all substances require more data to investigate the genotoxic potential. However, the type and the urge for these data differs among the substances.

%B Food Chem Toxicol %V 89 %P 126-37 %8 2016 Mar %G eng %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26802677?dopt=Abstract %& 126 %R 10.1016/j.fct.2016.01.009 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T LC-MS-based analytical method for quantification of selected brominated flame retardants in food commodities %A Svetlana V. Malysheva %A Malarvannan,G. %A Séverine Goscinny %A Poma,G. %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A G. Jacobs %A Voorspoels,S. %A Covaci,A. %A Joris Van Loco %E Mocarelli,P. %E Brambilla,P. %K acquisition %K Adult %K Adult-population %K ALL %K an %K analysi %K analysis %K Animal %K APCI %K AS %K assessment %K at %K Belgium %K brominated flame retardants %K Categories %K CHILDREN %K chromatography %K Clean up %K Combination %K Dairy Products %K data %K dietary %K Dietary intake %K Dietary-intake %K Discussion %K effect %K Eggs %K environment %K exposure %K fat %K Fats %K Flame Retardants %K Follow %K food %K Food Chain %K foodstuffs %K general %K health %K Human %K human exposure %K Increase %K Infant %K intake %K Ion %K IS %K Isomers %K Laboratories %K LC-MS/MS %K LED %K Less %K LEVEL %K levels %K limitation %K List %K M %K Mass %K matrix %K Meat %K Meat Products %K method %K Method validation %K methods %K milk %K Mode %K MODEL %K Monitoring %K Multiple %K Nitrogen %K observed %K occurrence %K ON %K Order %K parameters %K PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS %K POPULATION %K precursor %K PRODUCTS %K protocol %K public %K Quantification %K recommendation %K regression %K Regression model %K result %K results %K S %K SAFETY %K Sample %K Samples %K seafood %K SENSITIVITY %K separation %K Service %K silica %K Solutions %K Solvents %K STANDARD %K standards %K structure %K suppression %K System %K Target %K Temperature %K time %K traces %K UPLC %K UPLC-MS/MS %K use %K VALIDATION %K values %K VARIABILITY %K Vegetable %K WATER %K waters %K work %K x %X Introduction %B Dioxin 2016 %8 0/0/2016 %G eng %N Mocarelli,P., Brambilla,P. %1 2603 %2 28/08/2016 - 02/09/2016 %0 Journal Article %J Packaging Technology and Science %D 2016 %T Migration of 17 Photoinitiators from Printing Inks and Cardboard into Packaged Food - Results of a Belgian Market Survey %A Kathy Van Den Houwe %A A. Van Heyst %A Evrard, C. %A Joris Van Loco %A Bolle, F. %A Lynen, F. %A Els Van Hoeck %K dry food %K photoinitiators %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K ultra-performance liquid chromatography %X Abstract Photoinitiators are widely used to cure ink on packaging materials used in food applications such as carton boards and can contaminate the food by migrating into the food. In this contribution, a fast and reliable confirmation method for the determination of photoinitiators in dry foodstuffs is described: benzophenone (BP), 4,4′‐bis(diethylamino)benzophenone (DEAB), 2‐chloro‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one (CTX), 1‐chloro‐4‐ropoxy‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one (CPTX), 2,2‐dimethoxy‐ 2‐phenyl acetophenone (DMPA), 4‐(dimethylamino)benzophenone (DMBP), 2‐ethylanthraquinone (EA), 2‐ethylhexyl‐4‐dimethylaminobenzoate (EDB), ethyl‐4‐dimethylaminobenzoate (EDMAB), 4‐hydroxybenzophenone (4‐HBP), 1‐hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone (HCPK), 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzophenone (HMBP), 2‐hydroxy‐4′‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)‐2‐methylpropiophenone (HMMP), 2‐isopropyl‐9H‐thioxanthen‐9‐one (ITX), 4‐methylbenzophenone (MBP), 4,4′‐bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone (MK) and 4‐phenylbenzophenone (PBZ). Dry foodstuffs were extracted using acetonitrile, followed by the addition of inorganic salts to precipitate fatty residues. After filtration, the extract was analysed using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography in combination with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS). Quantification was carried out using benzophenone‐d10 (BP‐d10) as internal standard. The presented method was successfully validated in‐house. Afterwards, the procedure was applied in a marketing study, investigating 97 dry foodstuffs purchased on the Belgian market. In 89% of the samples, at least one photoinitiator was detected. The photoinitiators BP, EDMA and DMPA were most frequently found, while some photoinitiators (CPTX, DEAB, DMBP, HCPK, HMBP and MK) were never detected. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. %B Packaging Technology and Science %V 29 %8 Jan-02-2016 %G eng %N 131 %& 121 %R 10.1002/pts.v29.210.1002/pts.2190 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2016 %T Migration of photoinitiators from cardboard into dry food: evaluation of Tenax® as a food simulant. %A Kathy Van Den Houwe %A Caroline Evrard %A Joris Van Loco %A Lynen, Frederic %A Els Van Hoeck %K Adsorption %K Anthraquinones %K Belgium %K Benzophenones %K Edible Grain %K European Union %K Food Contamination %K Food Packaging %K Food Storage %K Hot Temperature %K Ink %K Kinetics %K Materials Testing %K Models, Chemical %K Oryza %K Paper %K para-Aminobenzoates %K Photosensitizing Agents %K Polymers %K Porosity %K Seeds %K Thioxanthenes %X

Photoinitiators are widely used to cure ink on packaging materials used in food applications such as cardboards for the packaging of dry foods. Conventional migration testing for long-term storage at ambient temperature with Tenax(®) was applied to paperboard for the following photoinitiators: benzophenone (BP), 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone (DEAB), 2-chloro-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CTX), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), 4-(dimethylamino)benzophenone (DMBP), 2-ethylanthraquinone (EA), 2-ethylhexyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDB), ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDMAB), 4-hydroxybenzophenone (4-HBP), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (HMBP), 2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (HMMP), 2-isopropyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (ITX), 4-methylbenzophenone (MBP) and Michler's ketone (MK). Test conditions (10 days at 60°C) were according to Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011 and showed different migration patterns for the different photoinitiators. The results were compared with the migration in cereals after a storage of 6 months at room temperature. The simulation with Tenax at 60°C overestimated actual migration in cereals up to a maximum of 92%. In addition, the effect of a lower contact temperature and the impact of the Tenax pore size were investigated. Analogous simulation performed with rice instead of Tenax resulted in insufficiently low migration rates, showing Tenax is a much stronger adsorbent than rice and cereals.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 33 %P 913-20 %8 2016 May %G eng %N 5 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27146794?dopt=Abstract %& 913 %R 10.1080/19440049.2016.1179562 %0 Report %D 2016 %T Monitoring of the presence of brominated flame retardants in foodstuffs %A Svetlana V. Malysheva %A Poma,G. %A Séverine Goscinny %A Voorspoels,S. %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A G. Jacobs %A Malarvannan,G. %A Covaci,A. %A Joris Van Loco %E WIV-ISP %E FOD %K brominated flame retardants %K Flame Retardants %K foodstuffs %K Monitoring %K rapport %P Belgie %8 31/3/2016 %G eng %1 2605 %2 03/2016 %0 Journal Article %J Nicotine Tob Res %D 2016 %T Nicotine Dependence and Urinary Nicotine, Cotinine and Hydroxycotinine Levels in Daily Smokers. %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A De Smedt, Tom %A Dendale, Paul %A Nackaerts, Kristiaan %A Vanacker, Hilde %A Vanoeteren, Jan F A %A Van Laethem, Danny M G %A Joris Van Loco %A Koen De Cremer %K ADOLESCENT %K Adult %K Biomarkers %K cotinine %K Female %K Humans %K Linear Models %K Male %K middle aged %K Multivariate Analysis %K Nicotine %K Severity of Illness Index %K SMOKING %K Smoking cessation %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K Tobacco Use Disorder %K Young adult %X

INTRODUCTION: Nicotine dependence and smoking frequency are critical factors for smoking cessation. The aims of this study are (1) to determine if nicotine dependence Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores are associated with urinary levels of nicotine metabolites, (2) to assess the relationship of hydroxycotinine/cotinine ratio with FTND score and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD), and (3) to identify significant predictors of cigarettes per day among biomarker concentrations and individual FTND items.

METHODS: Urine samples and questionnaire data of 239 daily smokers were obtained. Nicotine, cotinine and hydroxycotinine urinary levels were determined by UPLC MS/MS.Multiple linear regression models were developed to explore the relationship between nicotine, cotinine, hydroxycotinine levels and separate FTND scores (for all six items).

RESULTS: We found significant correlations between the different urinary biomarker concentrations, and the FTND score. The time before the first cigarette after waking (TTFC) was significantly associated with the nicotine, cotinine and hydroxycotinine concentrations. No association was found between the ratio of hydroxycotinine to cotinine and either the FTND or the CPD. A model including four FTND questions, sex, age, and the cotinine concentration, accounted for 45% of the variance of CPD.

CONCLUSIONS: There are significant relationships between urinary levels of nicotine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine and the FTND score. Especially the FTND question about TTFC is relevant for explaining the biomarker concentrations. CPD (below 15) was significantly explained by four FTND dependence items and urinary cotinine levels in a regression model.

IMPLICATIONS: We investigated associations between urinary levels of nicotine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine in daily smokers and the FTND scores for nicotine dependence. We did not find association between the hydroxycotinine/cotinine ratio and CPD. We developed a model that explains the cigarettes smoked daily (CPD) in a group of light smokers by combining FTND items, urinary cotinine levels, sex, and age. Our results might be of importance for clinical use or future studies on larger smoking populations.

%B Nicotine Tob Res %V 18 %P 1813-9 %8 2016 Sep %G eng %N 9 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27083213?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1093/ntr/ntw099 %0 Journal Article %J J Water Health %D 2016 %T Occurrence of antibiotics in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater, wastewater treatment plant and sea waters in Tunisia. %A Tahrani, Leyla %A Joris Van Loco %A Ben Mansour, Hedi %A Tim Reyns %K Anti-Bacterial Agents %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Drug Industry %K Environmental Monitoring %K Seawater %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K Tunisia %K Waste Disposal, Fluid %K Waste water %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Antibiotics are among the most commonly used group of pharmaceuticals in human medicine. They can therefore reach surface and groundwater bodies through different routes, such as wastewater treatment plant effluents, surface runoff, or infiltration of water used for agricultural purposes. It is well known that antibiotics pose a significant risk to environmental and human health, even at low concentrations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of aminoglycosides and phenicol antibiotics in municipal wastewaters, sea water and pharmaceutical effluents in Tunisia. All analysed water samples contained detectable levels of aminoglycoside and phenicol antibiotics. The highest concentrations in wastewater influents were observed for neomycin and kanamycin B (16.4 ng mL(-1) and 7.5 ng mL(-1), respectively). Chloramphenicol was found in wastewater influents up to 3 ng mL(-1). It was observed that the waste water treatment plants were not efficient in completely removing these antibiotics. Chloramphenicol and florfenicol were found in sea water samples near aquaculture sites at levels up to, respectively, 15.6 ng mL(-1) and 18.4 ng mL(-1). Also aminoglycoside antibiotics were found near aquaculture sites with the highest concentration of 3.4 ng mL(-1) for streptomycin. In pharmaceutical effluents, only gentamycin was found at concentrations up to 19 ng mL(-1) over a sampling period of four months.

%B J Water Health %V 14 %P 208-13 %8 2016 Apr %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27105406?dopt=Abstract %R 10.2166/wh.2015.224 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and emerging halogenated flame retardants in food items %A Poma,G. %A Symons,N. %A Malarvannan,G. %A Séverine Goscinny %A Voorspoels,S. %A Svetlana V. Malysheva %A Joris Van Loco %A Covaci,A. %E Bustamente,P. %E Lebizec,B. %E Mouneyrac,C. %E Pilven,S. %E Poirier,L. %E Thibault-Pralin,P. %E Roussel,H. %K acid %K ALL %K an %K analysi %K analysis %K Antwerp %K brominated flame retardants %K Categories %K chemicals %K Clean up %K data %K Eggs %K emerging halogenated flame retardants %K environment %K exposure %K Flame Retardants %K Follow %K food %K Human %K Indoor %K Indoor air %K intake %K IS %K LEVEL %K levels %K marine %K Meat %K method %K milk %K Mode %K Monitoring %K occurrence %K ON %K Order %K PBDEs %K PBDEs,emerging flame retardants,food items,monitoring program %K performance %K POPULATION %K PRODUCTS %K Quantification %K RANGE %K recommendation %K Residue %K result %K results %K Sample %K Samples %K silica %K Target %K TBA %K use %K values %K variety %K Vegetable %X Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are chemicals used in a wide range of commercial and household products in order to reduce their flammability. Because most BFRs are not chemically bonded to the products which they are added to, they can easily leach into the environment. The main exposure of the population to BFRs is via the diet, inhalation of indoor air and ingestion of indoor dust. In particular, the lack of data on the occurrence of BFRs in food prevents an accurate estimation of the human intake. The main aim of this Project was to follow the EU Commission Recommendation 2014/118/EU on the monitoring of BFRs in various food items from the Belgian market and to provide data on their occurrence and levels in the main food categories.The presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), novel BFRs (hexabromobenzene (HBB), bis(tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), tetrabromobenzoate (TBB), tetrabromophthalate (TBPH)), tribromoanisole (TBA), and dechlorane plus (syn-DP and anti-DP) in various food items was assessed using an analytical method developed and validated in the frame of the this Project. This novel method uses low sample amounts and solvent volumes, and involves a two-step clean-up, including Florisil and acid silica. The determination of BFRs was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry operated in electron-capture negative ionization mode (GC-ECNI/MS). The validated procedure was first used for the determination of BFRs in 20 individual food items purchased from Antwerp supermarkets (including fish, meat, eggs, milk, grains, and vegetable oil), and, in a second stage, has been used for the analysis of more than 200 food samples in the frame of the Belgian food monitoring Project. A high extraction performance was obtained, which, combined with an efficient two-step clean-up procedure, enabled the accurate determination and quantification of the target compound residues in a wide variety of food matrices, with very different characteristics and lipid content. In all considered food categories, PBDEs were the most frequently detected BFRs, and the fish/sea-food categories were the most PBDE contaminated food. Among the other FRs, TBA was detected only in fish/sea-food, indicating its primary natural origin from the marine environment, rather than its transfer from plastic used for packaging. For the other compounds, the results showed a generally low contamination of all analyzed food samples, with values generally below LOQ. %B SETAC-2016 %8 22/5/2016 %G eng %N Bustamente,P., Lebizec,B., Mouneyrac,C., Pilven,S., Poirier,L., Thibault-Pralin,P., Roussel,H. %1 2543 %2 22/05/2016-26/05/2016 %0 Journal Article %J Int J Environ Res Public Health %D 2016 %T Pesticide Residues on Three Cut Flower Species and Potential Exposure of Florists in Belgium. %A Toumi, Khaoula %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Joris Van Loco %A Schiffers, Bruno %K Adult %K Belgium %K Chromatography, Gas %K Commerce %K Female %K Flowers %K Humans %K Male %K Occupational Exposure %K Pesticide residues %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Young adult %X

In order to assess the prevalence of pesticide contamination and the risk of florists' exposure when handling cut flowers, sampling and analysis of 90 bouquets of the most commonly sold cut flowers in Belgium (50 bouquets of roses; 20 of gerberas, and 20 of chrysanthemums) were carried out. The bouquets were collected from 50 florists located in the seven largest cities of Belgium (Antwerp, Brussels, Charleroi, Ghent, Leuven, Liege, and Namur) and from five supermarkets located in the different regions. To have a better understanding of the route of exposure and professional practices a questionnaire was also addressed to a group of 25 florists who volunteered to take part in the survey. All florists were interviewed individually when collecting the questionnaire. The residual pesticide deposit values on cut flowers were determined in an accredited laboratory using a multi-residue (QuEChERS Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) method and a combination of gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chormatograhphy (LC) analysis. A total of 107 active substances were detected from all samples; i.e., an average of about 10 active substances per bouquet. The most severely contaminated bouquet accumulated a total concentration of residues up to 97 mg/kg. Results show that roses are the most contaminated cut flowers; with an average of 14 substances detected per sample and a total concentration per rose sample of 26 mg/kg. Some active substances present an acute toxicity (acephate, methiocarb, monocrotophos, methomyl, deltamethrin, etc.) and exposure can generate a direct effect on the nervous system of florists. Nevertheless, fungicides (dodemorph, propamocarb, and procymidone) were the most frequently detected in samples and had the highest maximum concentrations out of all the active substances analysed. Dodemorph was the most frequently detected substance with the highest maximum concentration (41.9 mg/kg) measured in the rose samples. It appears from the survey that, despite being exposed to high deposits of residues, florists usually do not protect themselves from contact with residues even if they spend several hours handling cut flowers and preparing bouquets (from 2 to 6 h/day, depending on the time of year and/or selling periods) daily. Bad habits (eating, drinking, or smoking at work) and absence of personal protective equipment of most florists also increase the risk of contact with pesticide residues.

%B Int J Environ Res Public Health %V 13 %8 2016 Sep 23 %G eng %N 10 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27669276?dopt=Abstract %R 10.3390/ijerph13100943 %0 Journal Article %J Food Analytical Methods %D 2016 %T Quantitative Determination of Migrating compounds from Plastic Baby Bottles by Validated GC-QqQ-MS and LC-QqQ-MS Methods %A Onghena, Matthias %A Negreira, Noelia %A Els Van Hoeck %A Quirynen, Laurent %A Joris Van Loco %A Covaci, Adrian %K Baby bottles %K Bisphenol A (BPA) alternatives %K food contact materials %K GC/LC-QqQ-MS %K Migration %X Following the recent prohibition on the use of BPA for the production of polycarbonate (PC) baby bottles in the European Union, baby bottles made of alternative materials, such as polypropylene, polyethersulphone, polyamide, Tritan™ or silicone, have appeared in the market. An initial study done in previous work applying a liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) followed by GC-MS analysis identified a wide variety of migrating compounds. Based on these screening results, the monitoring and quantification of the most important migrating compounds was further pursued. We describe the optimisation, validation and application of an LLE method for the extraction of these migrating compounds adapted to low concentrations. Generally, absolute recoveries between 70 and 110 % with RSDs < 20 % were obtained. Further, specific and quantitative GC-QqQ-MS and LC-QqQ-MS methods were developed and validated by evaluating the following parameters: sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, recoveries and matrix effects. Limits of quantification (LOQs) ranged between 0.6 and 8 μg kg−1 for the majority of the selected compounds. Linearity ranged using Mandel’s fitting test between coefficients of determination (R 2) of 0.995 and 0.999. Both repeatability and reproducibility were demonstrated to be satisfactory considering the Horwitz equation. Finally, the methods were applied on a selection of baby bottles representative for the Belgian market. Several compounds previously identified by the screening approach were confirmed and adequately quantified. For instance, azacyclotridecan-2-one had a maximum migration value of 1091 μg kg−1 whereas 4-propylbenzaldehyde migrated at 27 μg kg−1 and 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) at 348 μg kg−1. However, most of the targeted compounds were not detected or below the LOQ. %B Food Analytical Methods %V 9 %8 Jan-09-2016 %G eng %& 2600 %R 10.1007/s12161-016-0451-4 %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol In Vitro %D 2016 %T Screening of endocrine activity of compounds migrating from plastic baby bottles using a multi-receptor panel of in vitro bioassays. %A Simon, Coraline %A Onghena, Matthias %A Covaci, Adrian %A Els Van Hoeck %A Joris Van Loco %A Vandermarken, Tara %A Van Langenhove, Kersten %A Heidi Demaegdt %A Birgit Mertens %A Karine Vandermeiren %A Scippo, Marie-Louise %A Elskens, Marc %K Animals %K Biological Assay %K Bottle Feeding %K Cell Line %K Cell Line, Tumor %K Endocrine disruptors %K Genes, Reporter %K Humans %K Infant Equipment %K mice %K Polycarboxylate Cement %K Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear %X

Endocrine activity of 65 compounds migrating from polycarbonate replacement plastic baby bottles was assessed using in vitro cell based assays (reporter gene assays) involving 7 nuclear receptors, i.e. human steroid hormones receptors (oestrogen, androgen, progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors), human thyroid beta and peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma receptors, and the mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor. The chemicals were tested at 4 concentrations ranging from 0.001mM to 1mM. Only twelve chemicals did not show any activity towards any of the nuclear receptors, while fifty three compounds showed a possible endocrine activity. Most of the agonistic activities were observed towards the oestrogen receptor while the PPARγ was the target for most of the recorded antagonistic activities. Agonistic activities were recorded for several phthalates, benzophenones, aromatic hydrocarbons and phenols, while compounds such as benzaldehydes, ketones and esters of fatty acid showed antagonistic activities. Thirty five chemicals were able of agonistic activities on 1 to 4 receptors and antagonistic activities were recorded for 35 compounds as well, towards 1 to 7 receptors. Sixteen compounds were able of both agonistic and antagonistic activities, but not on the same receptors, except in 2 cases for the oestrogen receptor and 4 cases for the PPARγ.

%B Toxicol In Vitro %V 37 %P 121-133 %8 2016 Dec %G eng %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27633901?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.tiv.2016.09.008 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Res %D 2016 %T Short-term health effects in the general population following a major train accident with acrylonitrile in Belgium. %A Simons, K %A De Smedt, T %A Stove, C %A De Paepe, P %A Bader, M %A Nemery, B %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Koen De Cremer %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Sébastien Fierens %A Birgit Mertens %A Göen, T %A Schettgen, T %A Herman Van Oyen %A Joris Van Loco %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %K acrylonitrile %K Adult %K Belgium %K Chemical Hazard Release %K cotinine %K Dose-Response Relationship, Drug %K Environmental Monitoring %K Female %K Headache %K Humans %K Irritants %K Male %K middle aged %K Nausea %K Railroads %K Self Report %K SMOKING %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Tremor %K Valine %X

BACKGROUND: Following a train derailment, several tons of acrylonitrile (ACN) exploded, inflamed and part of the ACN ended up in the sewage system of the village of Wetteren. More than 2000 residents living in the close vicinity of the accident and along the sewage system were evacuated. A human biomonitoring study of the adduct N-2-cyanoethylvaline (CEV) was carried out days 14-21 after the accident.

OBJECTIVES: (1) To describe the short-term health effects that were reported by the evacuated residents following the train accident, and (2) to explore the association between the CEV concentrations, extrapolated at the time of the accident, and the self-reported short-term health effects.

METHODS: Short-term health effects were reported in a questionnaire (n=191). An omnibus test of independence was used to investigate the association between the CEV concentrations and the symptoms. Dose-response relationships were quantified by Generalized Additive Models (GAMs).

RESULTS: The most frequently reported symptoms were local symptoms of irritation. In non-smokers, dose-dependency was observed between the CEV levels and the self-reporting of irritation (p=0.007) and nausea (p=0.007). Almost all non-smokers with CEV concentrations above 100pmol/g globin reported irritation symptoms. Both absence and presence of symptoms was reported by non-smokers with CEV concentrations below the reference value and up to 10 times the reference value. Residents who visited the emergency services reported more symptoms. This trend was seen for the whole range of CEV concentrations, and thus independently of the dose.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The present study is one of the first to relate exposure levels to a chemical released during a chemical incident to short-term (self-reported) health effects. A dose-response relation was observed between the CEV concentrations and the reporting of short-term health effects in the non-smokers. Overall, the value of self-reported symptoms to assess exposure showed to be limited. The results of this study confirm that a critical view should be taken when considering self-reported health complaints and that ideally biomarkers are monitored to allow an objective assessment of exposure.

%B Environ Res %V 148 %P 256-263 %8 2016 Jul %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27085497?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.envres.2016.03.031 %0 Generic %D 2016 %T A survey of pesticide residues in cut flowers from various countries. %A Toumi,K. %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Joris Van Loco %A Schiffers,B. %K acute toxicity %K ALL %K an %K analysi %K analysis %K Antwerp %K AS %K Belgium %K Brussels %K Case %K Control %K Countries %K disease %K Diseases %K effect %K health %K International %K IS %K Laboratories %K LEVEL %K levels %K method %K methods %K ON %K Order %K ORIGIN %K pesticide %K Pesticide residues %K pesticide residues,cut flowers,roses,exposure assessment,florists %K Pesticides %K RANGE %K Residue %K risk %K Sample %K Samples %K survey %K toxicity %K Universities %K university %K use %K WHO %X

As in any intensive culture, flowers require the use of a wide range of pesticides to control diseases and pests which can damage production and marketability. In order to evaluate the average levels of contamination of the cut flowers and to assess the risk for professionals exposed to pesticide residues when handling cut flowers, a survey was carried out with a group of florists from the Belgian largest cities. Fifty samples of roses (5 stems per bouquet) were collected: 45 bouquets were sampled in the 7 largest cities of Belgium (Antwerp, Brussels, Charleroi, Ghent, Leuven, Liege and Namur) and 5 were sampled from 5 supermarkets. Analysis of residual pesticide deposit is made by combining two multi-residue methods (GC-MS-MS and LC-MS-MS) in a laboratory accredited for pesticide residues. For all the samples analysed, a total of 97 active substances were detected, i.e. an average of 14 active substances per bouquet and a total average pesticide load of 26,03 mg/kg per flower sample. Most active substances (a.s.) reached high levels of residues, with concentrations between 10 and 50 mg/kg. Samples from Belgium and The Netherlands have a lower average number of a.s./sample, but the amount of residues is about the same in all samples (20-30 mg/kg) whatever the country of origin , except for the sample from Germany who is the worst case (22 a.s. with a total amount of 92 mg/kg). Most of the detected active substances are fungicides (dodemorph, spiroxamine, cyprodinil, fluopyram, pyrimethanil, benomyl (carbendazim), propamocarb, boscalid and iprodione) which are present on more than 20 of the 50 samples. All of them have a dermal acute toxicity. Consequently, florists who handle a large number of flowers are exposed daily with a potential effect on their health.

%B ''The 68th International Symposium on Crop protection'' Ghent University %S Comm.Appl.Biol.Sci, Ghent University %I NA %C Ghent %V 81 %P - (11 pp) %8 17/5/2016 %G eng %N Ghent University %1 2668 %2 May 17 2016 %0 Report %D 2016 %T Zesde WHO-gecoördineerd onderzoek naar persistente organische polluenten (POP's) in moedermelk: Belgische resultaten 2014 %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Colles,A. %A Raf Aerts %A Janssens,B. %A Covaci,A. %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Laure Joly %A Poma,G. %A Malarvannan,G. %A De Smedt,T. %A Koppen,G. %A Joris Van Loco %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %K Belgische %K moedermelk %K POP %K WHO %X

In 2014 werd gestart met de vijfde WHO-gecoördineerde studie over de aanwezigheid van POPs in moedermelk begonnen. De verzamelde stalen werden in het huidig kader naar WIVISP overgebracht. Binnen gegeven tijdskader van zes maanden werden 206 melkstalen geanalyseerd. Deze werden na een initiële voorbereiding in het WIV-ISP (coördinator van de studie) en aanmaak van de mengstalen per provincie (en een geweest) verder geanalyseerd in het WIV-ISP, UA en EUROFINS. De mengstalen waren gemaakt door een bepaalde hoeveelheid van elk individuel staal in elk provincie samen te voegen.Sommige van de gevraagde en de gemeten POPs waren op verschillende niveaus teruggevonden. In algemeen werden er p,p-DDE (8-256ppb), HCB (2-17ppb) en BDE-153 (0-2ppb) in bijna elk individueel staal teruggevonden. Behalve alpha-HBCD (38-153ng/g) was geen andere gevraagde POP in melk mengstalen terug gevonden. Aan de andere kanten werden er chlordane-cis, chlordane-trans, nonachlore-trans, HCH-a, o,p-DDE, o,p-DDT en BDE 183 in geen enkele individuele melkstaal gedetecteerd. POPszoals hexachloorbutadieen, heptachloor, chloordecone, dieldrin, hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) die enkel in de gemengde stalen waren geanalyseerd werden niet terug gevonden.

%B WHO-gecoördineerd onderzoek naar persistente organische polluenten %I WIV-ISP en VITO %C Brussel/Mol %V lot 1 %P 22 %8 2016 %G eng %U NA %M NA %1 2641 %0 Generic %D 2015 %T Biological activity conferred by endocrine disrupting chemicals in hospital effluent and river water from the Brussels Region, Belgium %A Van Langenhove, K. %A Tim Reyns %A Vandermarken,T. %A Servais, P. %A Denison, M. %A Joris Van Loco %A Elskens, M. %K Biological activity %K Brussels %K endocrine disrupting chemicals %X

Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are gaining in worldwide attention due to their omnipresence, wide range in chemical properties and possible effects on wildlife populations. Problems surrounding these EDCs are their continuous  release into  the environment  through industrial, domestic and  hospital effluents  and inefficient  removal  by  wastewater  treatment  plants  (WWTPs).  For  this  reason,  the  Water  Framework Directive (WFD, amended in  2013/39/EU) established a priority list of 33 new  and 8 previously regulated chemical pollutants, some of which have shown to exhibit endocrine disrupting potential (octyl-, nonylphenol, DEHP, …). Additionally, 15 compounds were also placed onto a watch list containing estrogen compounds (estradiol, ethinylestradiol).   Rather  than  looking  solely  for  concentrations  of  targeted  and  well-known  EDCs,  this  project  strives  to combine bio-analytical and chemo-analytical data on the Zenne river crossing Brussels and hospital effluents (a potential major source for EDCs due to high consumption of pharmaceuticals and personal care products) for the first time. Bioassays allow scientists to use in vitro receptor models to assess endocrine activity by comparing  the  mixture  or  cocktail  effect  originating  from  the  sample  extract.  Added  value  is  that  this technique picks up effects from compounds that are  not routinely monitored in  targeted chemo-analytical methods and can detect them at low amounts (pg/L EEQ, Estrogen EQuivalence).  The bioassay used in this study is the CALUX (Chemically activated luciferase gene expression) bioassay using a luciferase reporter gene as part of BG1luc4E2 cells (human ovarian adenocarcinoma). Responses are time, dose, and ligand specific using 17β-estradiol (the natural female hormone) as reference compound. Water samples were taken as grab samples over various locations upstream and downstream of the Zenne River and in a hospital nearby; 24h composite samples were collected in Brussels WWTP South (in- and effluent). Samples were filtered and extracted using Oasis HLB SPE columns.   Values ranged from 0.77 to 1.85ng EEQ/L for the Zenne river water, 98ng EEQ/L for hospital effluent and, respectively, 52.3 and 1.2ng EEQ/L for WWTP influent and effluent. For comparison reasons, commercial drinking waters amount to 0.004-0.070 ng EEQ/L. These results indicate that effluent values are high post-discharge  of human  activities,  EDCs are  only  partially  removed by  processes in  WWTPs,  and that  the effluents contribute significantly to EDC loads in the Zenne river.

Biological activity conferred by endocrine disrupting chemicals in hospital effluent and river water from the Brussels Region, Belgium (PDF Download Available). Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293415392_Biological_activity_conferred_by_endocrine_disrupting_chemicals_in_hospital_effluent_and_river_water_from_the_Brussels_Region_Belgium [accessed Nov 13 2017].

%B ICCE 2015 - 15th EuCheMS International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment %I ICCE 2015 - 15th EuCheMS International Conference on Chemistry and the Environment %C Leipzign, Germany %V 15 %8 2015 sept %G eng %U https://www.researchgate.net/publication/293415392_Biological_activity_conferred_by_endocrine_disrupting_chemicals_in_hospital_effluent_and_river_water_from_the_Brussels_Region_Belgium %0 Journal Article %J Diabetes Res Clin Pract %D 2015 %T Cereulide food toxin, beta cell function and diabetes: Facts and hypotheses. %A Vangoitsenhoven, Roman %A Maris, Michael %A Overbergh, Lut %A Joris Van Loco %A Mathieu, Chantal %A Van der Schueren, Bart %K Bacterial Toxins %K Depsipeptides %K Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 %K environmental exposure %K Foodborne Diseases %K Humans %K Insulin %K Insulin-Secreting Cells %K Risk Factors %X

The incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes is increasing and although environmental pollutants are believed to be potential culprits, the extent to which they can be held responsible remains uncertain. Some bacterial strains of the Bacillus cereus produce a toxin, cereulide, which is frequently found in starchy meals and which is difficult to eradicate from the food chain as it is highly resistant to heat, acidity and proteolysis. While cereulide is well known to cause acute emetic toxicity when ingested at high doses, several in vitro studies have shown that also extremely low doses of cereulide can be toxic, with beta cells being particularly sensitive. Mechanistically, such low doses impair the mitochondrial activity of the beta cells thereby leading to hampered insulin secretion and cell death, both key traits in the pathophysiology of diabetes. In vivo studies of chronic or repeated low dose exposure to cereulide are currently lacking, but should be performed to further clarify the true relevance of cereulide as a potential environmental contributor to the ongoing diabetes epidemic.

%B Diabetes Res Clin Pract %V 109 %P 1-5 %8 2015 Jul %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25998918?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.diabres.2015.04.029 %0 Journal Article %J Anal Bioanal Chem %D 2015 %T Determination of selected veterinary antimicrobials in poultry excreta by UHPLC-MS/MS, for application in Salmonella control programs. %A Gorissen, Brecht %A Tim Reyns %A Devreese, Mathias %A De Backer, Patrick %A Joris Van Loco %A Croubels, Siska %K Animals %K Anti-Infective Agents %K Chickens %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Drug Residues %K Feces %K Limit of Detection %K manure %K Poultry %K Poultry Diseases %K Salmonella %K Sonication %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K Veterinary Drugs %X

The most important source of Salmonella spp. infection in humans is by the consumption of contaminated poultry products. Due to the risk of resistance development and its transfer from animals to humans, the Belgian Royal Decree concerning the eradication of Salmonella (C-2007/22784) prohibits treatment of poultry with antimicrobials against zoonotic Salmonella spp. To uncover illicit use, an analytical method using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) for the determination of antimicrobial residues in poultry excreta was developed and validated for classes having an active spectrum against Salmonella spp. in poultry: β-lactams (amoxicillin and penicillin V), fluoroquinolones (enrofloxacin, difloxacin, and flumequine), polymyxins (colistin), sulfonamides in combination with trimethoprim (sulfachloropyridazine, sulfadiazine, and sulfaclozine), and tetracyclines (chlortetracycline and doxycycline). A generic and high-throughput sample preparation was developed. Extraction of samples was performed by ultrasonication using a combination of acetonitrile and McIlvaine buffer, followed by centrifugation and filtration prior to analysis. The method was validated according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC for linearity, apparent recovery/trueness, repeatability, reproducibility, limit of quantification, limit of detection, specificity, matrix effect, and storage stability in matrix. To demonstrate the applicability of the method, an in vivo experiment was conducted. For each antimicrobial class, one registered drug was selected and administered in the drinking water to two laying hens. Excreta samples were collected every 12 h during and until 2 days after treatment and analyzed using the developed method.

%B Anal Bioanal Chem %V 407 %P 4447-57 %8 2015 Jun %G eng %N 15 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25633214?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1007/s00216-014-8449-5 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit.Contam %D 2015 %T Development and application of a non-target extraction method for the analysis of migrating compounds from plastic baby bottles by GC-MS. %A Onghena,M. %A Els Van Hoeck %A Vervliet,P. %A Marie-Louise Scippo %A Simon,C. %A Joris Van Loco %A Covaci,A. %K alternatives %K analysis %K Antioxidant %K Antioxidants %K application %K AS %K Babies %K baby bottle %K Baby bottles %K Bisphenol-A %K chemicals %K comparing %K CONTACT %K Context %K Development %K differences %K food %K food contact %K food contact material %K food contact materials %K Foods %K GC-MS %K identification %K IS %K legislation %K Less %K Mass %K method %K Migration %K milk %K MS %K need %K Non-target %K observed %K ON %K organic %K Pa %K pattern %K PATTERNS %K perceived %K plastics %K polyamide %K PRODUCTS %K risk %K risks %K Sample %K Samples %K SELECTED %K simulant %K study %K TESTING %K Type %K use %K varieties %K variety %K WATER %X Migration of BPA from polycarbonate has already been extensively studied. Unfortunately, the nature of (other) substances migrating from the polymeric alternatives to polycarbonate is much less known. Therefore, there is an urgent need to assess the risks associated with the migration of (unknown) chemicals from food contact materials, with emphasis on baby bottles. In this context, the use of simulants is prescribed in the legislation to mimic the testing of real foods. Specifically, we selected a 50% (v/v) EtOH in water solution as a simulant for milk. After sterilization of the bottle during ten minutes with boiling water, three migrations were performed during 2h at 70 °C. The principal aim of the study was the identification of major compounds migrating from baby bottles using a liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC/MS analysis. A non-targeted liquid-liquid extraction method with ethyl acetate:n-hexane (1:1), previously optimized with a mixture of 14 commonly migrating organic compounds, was performed on the simulant samples. Identification of migrating chemicals was done by comparing their obtained MS spectra with commercially available WILEY and NIST mass spectra libraries. Generally, clear differences in the migrating compounds and their intensities were observed between the different types of tested plastics and between the same plastic types available from different producers. Differences in the migration patterns were perceived as well between the sterilization and the migrations and within the different migrations. Silicone, Tritan and polypropylene (PP) exhibited a wide variety of migrating compounds, whereas polyethersulphone (PES) and polyamide (PA) showed a lower amount of migrants, though sometimes in relatively large amounts. Alkanes (especially in polypropylene (PP) bottles), phthalates (dibutylphthalate in one PP bottle and one silicone bottle; diisobutylphthalate in one PP, silicone and Tritan bottle), anti-oxidants (Irgafos 168, degradation products of Irganox 1010 and Irganox 1076), etc. were detected for PP, silicone and Tritan bottles. Although the concentrations were relatively low, for some compounds such as e.g. 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol; 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate (TXIB) or 2-butoxyethyl acetate the specified migration limit was exceeded. %B Food Addit.Contam %V Accepted %8 0/0/2015 %G eng %1 2296 %R 10.1080/19440049.2014.979372 %0 Journal Article %J J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci %D 2015 %T Development and validation of an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method to measure creatinine in human urine. %A Fraselle, S %A Koen De Cremer %A Wim Coucke %A Glorieux, G %A Vanmassenhove, J %A Schepers, E %A Neirynck, N %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Joris Van Loco %A Van Biesen, W %A Vanholder, R %K Biomarkers %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Creatinine %K Humans %K Limit of Detection %K Linear Models %K Renal Insufficiency, Chronic %K Reproducibility of Results %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %X

Despite decades of creatinine measurement in biological fluids using a large variety of analytical methods, an accurate determination of this compound remains challenging. Especially with the novel trend to assess biomarkers on large sample sets preserved in biobanks, a simple and fast method that could cope with both a high sample throughput and a low volume of sample is still of interest. In answer to these challenges, a fast and accurate ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to measure creatinine in small volumes of human urine. In this method, urine samples are simply diluted with a basic mobile phase and injected directly under positive electrospray ionization (ESI) conditions, without further purification steps. The combination of an important diluting factor (10(4) times) due to the use of a very sensitive triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (XEVO TQ) and the addition of creatinine-d3 as internal standard completely eliminates matrix effects coming from the urine. The method was validated in-house in 2012 according to the EMA guideline on bioanalytical method validation using Certified Reference samples from the German External Quality Assessment Scheme (G-Equas) proficiency test. All obtained results for accuracy and recovery are within the authorized tolerance ranges defined by G-Equas. The method is linear between 0 and 5 g/L, with LOD and LOQ of 5 × 10(-3) g/L and 10(-2) g/L, respectively. The repeatability (CV(r) = 1.03-2.07%) and intra-laboratory reproducibility (CV(RW) = 1.97-2.40%) satisfy the EMA 2012 guideline. The validated method was firstly applied to perform the German G-Equas proficiency test rounds 51 and 53, in 2013 and 2014, respectively. The obtained results were again all within the accepted tolerance ranges and very close to the reference values defined by the organizers of the proficiency test scheme, demonstrating an excellent accuracy of the developed method. The method was finally applied to measure the creatinine concentration in 210 urine samples, coming from 190 patients with a chronic kidney disease (CKD) and 20 healthy subjects. The obtained creatinine concentrations (ranging from 0.12 g/L up to 3.84 g/L) were compared, by means of a Passing Bablok regression, with the creatinine contents obtained for the same samples measured using a traditional compensated Jaffé method. The UHPLC-MS/MS method described in this paper can be used to normalize the concentration of biomarkers in urine for the extent of dilution.

%B J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci %V 988 %P 88-97 %8 2015 Apr 15 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25756209?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.02.026 %0 Journal Article %J Food Control %D 2015 %T Dietary exposure of the Belgian adult population to 70 food additives with numerical ADI %A Joris Van Loco %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Oya Cimenci %A C Vinkx %A Séverine Goscinny %K a %K Adult %K Adult-population %K approach %K approaches %K AS %K assessment %K Belgian %K Belgium %K consumer %K daily intake %K Dairy Products %K Diet %K Diet Surveys %K dietary %K Dietary exposure %K EVALUATION %K exposure %K food %K Food Additives %K Food Analysis %K Food Contamination %K intake %K IS %K IT %K LEVEL %K levels %K MODEL %K NUTRITION %K ON %K Phosphates %K Polysorbates %K POPULATION %K PRODUCTS %K SAFETY %K stepwise %K toxicity %K use %X The safety of the use of food additives is evaluated through the intake assessment of the additives for theconsumer. A stepwise approach (using EFSA's Food Additives intake model (FAIM), followed by Tier 2 andrefined Tier 2) was used to assess the exposure of the Belgian adult population to food additives. Additivesfor which the daily intake exceeded the acceptable daily intake (ADI) were subjected to the nextevaluation step. In total 70 additives with numerical ADI were identified on labels of food products forsale in the 5 most frequented supermarkets in Belgium. According to the refined Tier 2 assessment, theADI could be exceeded for the stearoyl-2-lactylates and polysorbates. It was further concluded that theexposure to phosphates, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, as well as to those additives withnumerical ADI which are permitted as quantum satis, are to be studied further by using real use levels(Tier 3). %B Food Control %V 54 %P 86 - 94 %8 0/0/2015 %G eng %1 38013 %& 86 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.01.029 %0 Journal Article %J J Mass Spectrom %D 2015 %T Identification of substances migrating from plastic baby bottles using a combination of low-resolution and high-resolution mass spectrometric analysers coupled to gas and liquid chromatography. %A Onghena, Matthias %A Els Van Hoeck %A Joris Van Loco %A Ibáñez, María %A Cherta, Laura %A Portolés, Tania %A Pitarch, Elena %A Hernandéz, Félix %A Lemière, Filip %A Covaci, Adrian %K Atmospheric Pressure %K Butylated Hydroxytoluene %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Cooking and Eating Utensils %K Databases, Chemical %K Food Packaging %K Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry %K Molecular Structure %K plastics %K Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted %K Stearic Acids %K Thiophenes %X

This work presents a strategy for elucidation of unknown migrants from plastic food contact materials (baby bottles) using a combination of analytical techniques in an untargeted approach. First, gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) in electron ionisation mode was used to identify migrants through spectral library matching. When no acceptable match was obtained, a second analysis by GC-(electron ionisation) high resolution mass spectrometry time of flight (TOF) was applied to obtain accurate mass fragmentation spectra and isotopic patterns. Databases were then searched to find a possible elemental composition for the unknown compounds. Finally, a GC hybrid quadrupole-TOF-MS with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation source was used to obtain the molecular ion or the protonated molecule. Accurate mass data also provided additional information on the fragmentation behaviour as two acquisition functions with different collision energies were available (MS(E) approach). In the low-energy function, limited fragmentation took place, whereas for the high-energy function, fragmentation was enhanced. For less volatile unknowns, ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography-quadrupole-TOF-MS was additionally applied. Using a home-made database containing common migrating compounds and plastic additives, tentative identification was made for several positive findings based on accurate mass of the (de)protonated molecule, product ion fragments and characteristic isotopic ions. Six illustrative examples are shown to demonstrate the modus operandi and the difficulties encountered during identification. The combination of these techniques was proven to be a powerful tool for the elucidation of unknown migrating compounds from plastic baby bottles.

%B J Mass Spectrom %V 50 %P 1234-44 %8 2015 Nov %G eng %N 11 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26505768?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1002/jms.3644 %0 Journal Article %J Microb Pathog %D 2015 %T Isolation and characterization of antibiotic-resistant bacteria from pharmaceutical industrial wastewaters. %A Tahrani, Leyla %A Soufi, Leila %A Mehri, Ines %A Najjari, Afef %A Hassan Abdenaceur %A Joris Van Loco %A Tim Reyns %A Cherif, Ameur %A Ben Mansour, Hedi %K Anti-Bacterial Agents %K bacteria %K Drug Industry %K Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial %K Industrial Waste %K Microbial Sensitivity Tests %K Tunisia %K Waste water %X

Contamination of surface waters in underdeveloped countries is a great concern. Treated and untreated wastewaters have been discharged into rivers and streams, leading to possible waterborne infection outbreaks which may represent a significant dissemination mechanism of antibiotic resistance genes among pathogenic bacterial populations. The present study aims to determine the multi-drug resistance patterns among isolated and identified bacterial strains in a pharmaceutical wastewater effluent in north Tunisia. Fourteen isolates were obtained and seven of them were identified. These isolates belong to different genera namely, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Exiguobacterium, Delftia and Morganella. Susceptibility patterns of these isolates were studied toward commonly used antibiotics in Tunisia. All the identified isolates were found to have 100% susceptibility against colistin sulfate and 100% resistance against amoxicillin. Among the 11 antibiotics tested, six patterns of multi-drug resistance were obtained. The potential of the examined wastewater effluent in spreading multi-drug resistance and the associated public health implications are discussed.

%B Microb Pathog %V 89 %P 54-61 %8 2015 Dec %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26343496?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.09.001 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill %D 2015 %T Low-calorie sweeteners in food and food supplements on the Italian market. %A Steven Janvier %A Séverine Goscinny %A Le Donne, Cinzia %A Joris Van Loco %K Aspartame %K Chromatography, Liquid %K Cyclamates %K Diet %K Dietary Supplements %K Dipeptides %K Energy Intake %K Food Additives %K Food Contamination %K Hesperidin %K Humans %K ITALY %K Saccharin %K Sweetening Agents %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K Thiazines %X

This study determines the occurrence and concentration levels of artificial low-calorie sweeteners (LCSs) in food and food supplements on the Italian market. The analysed sample set (290 samples) was representative of the Italian market and comprised of beverages, jams, ketchups, confectionery, dairy products, table-top sweeteners and food supplements. All samples were analysed via UPLC-MS/MS. The method was in-house validated for the analysis of seven LCSs (aspartame, acesulfame-K, saccharin, sucralose, cyclamate, neotame and neohesperidin dihydrochalcone) in food and for five LCSs (aspartame, acesulfame-K, saccharin, cyclamate and sucralose) in food supplements. Except for cyclamate in one beverage which exceeded the maximum level (ML) with 13%, all concentrations measured in food were around or below the ML. In food supplements, 40 of the 52 samples (77%) were found to be above the ML, with exceedances of up to 200% of the ML.

%B Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill %V 8 %P 298-308 %8 2015 %G eng %N 4 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26406785?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/19393210.2015.1094829 %0 Journal Article %J Food Control %D 2015 %T Occurrence of volatile organic compounds in foods from the Belgian market and dietary exposure assessment %A R. Medeiros Vinci %A Jacxsens,L. %A De Meulenaer,B. %A Eric Deconinck %A E. Matsiko %A Lachat,C. %A De Schaetzen,T. %A Michael Canfyn %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Kolsteren,P. %A Joris Van Loco %K Adult %K Adult-population %K Belgian %K benzene %K chronic %K daily intake %K Diet %K dietary %K Dietary exposure %K Dietary intake %K Dietary-intake %K environment %K exposure %K food %K Foods %K health %K identify %K intake %K IS %K IT %K LEVEL %K occurrence %K Order %K organic %K POPULATION %K present %K risk %K risks %K Sample %K Samples %K study %X Because volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are ubiquitous in the environment and may represent health risks, it is important to know whether they are present in our diet and to identify possible sources in order to reduce daily intake. In the present study, 377 food samples from the Belgian market were screened for the presence of 21 VOCs. The most prevalent of these compounds and respective percentages of occurrence were: chloroform (97%), toluene (95%), ethyl benzene (80%), o-xylene (79%) and benzene (58%). Dietary intake by the Belgian adult population was calculated for these five most prevalent VOCs. The maximum probabilistic dietary intake was with 0.151, 0.645, 0.138, 0.066 and 0.118 µg kg bw %B Food Control %V 52 %P 1 - 8 %8 0/0/2015 %G eng %1 2332 %& 1 %R http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.12.010 %0 Journal Article %J Food analytical methods %D 2015 %T Rapid Determination of Ethephon in Grapes by Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry %A V. Hanot %A Laure Joly %A A. Bonnechère %A Joris Van Loco %K an %K analysi %K analysis %K AS %K at %K chromatography %K Clean up %K conditions %K CONSUMPTION %K criteria %K Efficiency %K environmental %K Ethephon %K gas chromatography %K Grape %K HILIC %K interaction %K IS %K LC-MS/MS %K liquid chromatography %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K method %K methodology %K Mode %K ON %K Paper %K performance %K Quantification %K Reduction %K relative %K Reproducibility %K result %K results %K Sample %K Samples %K separation %K STANDARD %K surrogate %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K time %X Ethephon analysis usually requires indirect and laborious method including a derivatization step before gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) determination. In this paper, the described method is quick and based on simple procedure without any clean-up. After addition of ethephon D4 as surrogate, a methanolic extraction was performed. The determination is done by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS) in electrospray negative mode. The chromatographic separation was achieved on a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column. This methodology significantly reduces the time of analysis to around 10 min for sample extraction and 10 min for determination. The analytical performance was evaluated with grape samples spiked at the limit of quantification, 50 µg kg %B Food analytical methods %V 8 %P 524 - 530 %8 0/0/2015 %@ 1936-9751 %G eng %1 2255 %& 524 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-014-9921-8 %0 Journal Article %J Chemosphere %D 2015 %T Toxic textile dyes accumulate in wild European eel Anguilla anguilla. %A Belpaire, Claude %A Tim Reyns %A Geeraerts, Caroline %A Joris Van Loco %K Anguilla %K Animals %K Belgium %K Chromatography, Liquid %K Coloring Agents %K Environmental Monitoring %K Food Contamination %K Fresh Water %K Gentian Violet %K Mass Spectrometry %K Rosaniline Dyes %K Textile Industry %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

Dyes are used to stain inks, paints, textile, paper, leather and household products. They are omnipresent, some are toxic and may threaten our environment, especially aquatic ecosystems. The presence of residues of sixteen dyes (triarylmethanes, xanthenes, phenothiazines and phenoxazines) and their metabolites was analyzed in muscle tissue samples of individual yellow-phased European eels (Anguilla anguilla) from 91 locations in Belgian rivers, canals and lakes sampled between 2000 and 2009 using ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Eel was contaminated by dyes in 77% of the sites. Malachite Green, Crystal Violet and Brilliant Green were present in 25-58% of the samples. Dye occurrence was related to the distribution of textile and dye production industries. This field study is the first large-scale survey to document the occurrence of artificial dyes in wildlife. Considering the annual amounts of dyes produced worldwide and the unintentional spillage during their use, our observations warrant additional research in other parts of the world. The presence of these highly toxic dyes in the European eel may form an additional threat to this critically endangered species. The contaminated eels should be considered as not suitable for consumption.

%B Chemosphere %V 138 %P 784-91 %8 2015 Nov %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26291760?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.08.007 %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Lett %D 2014 %T Acrylonitrile exposure assessment in the emergency responders of a major train accident in Belgium: a human biomonitoring study. %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Sébastien Fierens %A De Smedt, T %A Koen De Cremer %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Birgit Mertens %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Bader, M %A De Paepe, P %A Göen, T %A Nemery, B %A Schettgen, T %A Stove, C %A Herman Van Oyen %A Joris Van Loco %K acrylonitrile %K Adult %K Belgium %K Chemical Hazard Release %K Emergency Responders %K Environmental Monitoring %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K middle aged %K Occupational Exposure %K Railroads %K regression analysis %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Valine %X

BACKGROUND: On May 4, 2013, a train transporting chemicals derailed in Wetteren, Belgium. Several tanks loaded with acrylonitrile (ACN) exploded, resulting in a fire and a leakage of ACN.

OBJECTIVES: To determine exposure to ACN and to assess discriminating factors for ACN exposure in the emergency responders involved in the on-site management of the train accident.

METHODS: The study population consisted of 841 emergency responders. Between May 21 and June 28, they gave blood for the determination of N-2-cyanoethylvaline (CEV) hemoglobin adducts and urine for the measurement of cotinine. They also filled in a short questionnaire.

RESULTS: 163 (26%) non-smokers and 55 (27%) smokers showed CEV concentrations above the reference values of 10 and 200 pmol/g globin, respectively. The 95th percentile in the non-smokers was 73 pmol/g globin and the maximum was 452 pmol/g globin. ACN exposure among the non-smokers was predicted by (1) the distance to the accident, (2) the duration of exposure, and (3) the occupational function.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Emergency responders involved in the on-site management of the train accident were clearly exposed to ACN from the accident. However, the extent of exposure remained relatively moderate with CEV concentrations staying within the ranges described in literature as background for a smoking population. Moreover, the exposure was less pronounced in the emergency responders as compared to that in the local population.

%B Toxicol Lett %V 231 %P 352-9 %8 2014 Dec 15 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25128591?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.08.013 %0 Journal Article %J Toxicol Lett %D 2014 %T Acrylonitrile exposure in the general population following a major train accident in Belgium: a human biomonitoring study. %A De Smedt, T %A Koen De Cremer %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Sébastien Fierens %A Birgit Mertens %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Bader, M %A De Paepe, P %A Göen, T %A Nemery, B %A Schettgen, T %A Stove, C %A Herman Van Oyen %A Joris Van Loco %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %K acrylonitrile %K Adult %K Belgium %K Chemical Hazard Release %K environmental exposure %K Environmental Monitoring %K Female %K Humans %K Male %K middle aged %K Railroads %K Sewage %K Surveys and Questionnaires %K Valine %X

BACKGROUND: On Saturday May 4, 2013, a train transporting chemicals derailed in the village of Wetteren (Belgium) and caused a leak of acrylonitrile (ACN).

OBJECTIVES: To assess the human exposure to acrylonitrile in the local population with the highest suspected exposure.

METHODS: Between May 18-25, 242 residents participated in the study. N-2-cyanoethylvaline (CEV), a biomarker that is highly specific for ACN exposure, was measured in the blood. To account for potential influence by smoking, cotinine was determined in the urine. Participants also filled in a short questionnaire.

RESULTS: In the evacuated zone, 37.3% of the non-smokers and 40.0% of the smokers had CEV concentrations above the reference values of 10 and 200 pmol/g globin, respectively, at the time of the train accident. Spatial mapping of the CEV concentrations depending on the residential address showed a distribution pattern following the sewage system.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The train derailment resulted in a highly atypical sequence-of-events. In addition to exposure in the direct vicinity of the site of the train derailment, exposure also occurred via the sewage system, into which acrylonitrile had entered shortly after the accident.

%B Toxicol Lett %V 231 %P 344-51 %8 2014 Dec 15 %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25223249?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.09.009 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Analysis of migrating compounds from plastic baby bottles with GC-MS, GC-ToF-MS and GC-QToF-MS %A Onghena,M. %A Els Van Hoeck %A Joris Van Loco %A Ibanez,M. %A Cherta,L. %A Portoles,T %A Pitarch,E. %A Hernandez,F. %A Covaci,A. %E Alencastro,L. %E Fisher,M %K analysi %K analysis %K Babies %K baby bottle %K Baby bottles %K chemistry %K environmental %K GC-MS %K International %K Migration %K ON %K plastics %K symposium %B ISEAC: 38th International Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry %8 17/6/2014 %G eng %N Alencastro,L., Fisher,M %1 2305 %2 17-20/06/2014 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Application of LC-MS/MS MRM for the discrimination and quantification of staphylococcal enterotoxins in food matrix %A V. Tsilia %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Koen De Cremer %A A. Rajkovic %A S. Cosijns %A M. Davin %A Joris Van Loco %K application %K conference %K de %K discrimination %K enterotoxin %K Enterotoxins %K food %K LC-MS/MS %K M %K ON %K Quantification %K S %B 19th Conference on Food Microbiology %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2014 %G eng %N Belgian Society for Food Microbiology %1 2308 %2 18-19 sept 2014 %0 Report %D 2014 %T Application of LC-MS/MS MRM for the discrimination of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A V. Tsilia %A A. Rajkovic %A Koen De Cremer %A S. Cosijns %A Joris Van Loco %K application %K discrimination %K enterotoxin %K Enterotoxins %K LC-MS/MS %K milk %I Equatox %C Helsinki %P 1 %8 12/12/2014 %G eng %1 2313 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Biomonitoring survey of residents and emergency responders exposed to acrylonitrile after the train disaster in Wetteren (Belgium) %A Joris Van Loco %A T. De Smedt %A Koen De Cremer %A Sébastien Fierens %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Gijs,G. %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Herman Van Oyen %K acrylonitrile %K Belgium %K biomonitoring %K chemistry %K Emergencies %K Emergency %K environmental %K International %K ON %K residents %K survey %K symposium %K Wetteren %B 38th International Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry %I NA %C NA %8 20/6/2014 %G eng %N IAEAC %1 2249 %2 17-20/06/2014 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Determination of beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides/trimethoprim, tetracyclines and colistin in poultry excreta by UHPLC-MS/MS %A B Gorissen %A Tim Reyns %A Devreese,M. %A De Backer,P. %A Joris Van Loco %A Croubels,S. %K Agent %K Agents %K Antimicrobial %K Antimicrobials %K beta-Lactams %K Colistin %K conference %K Fluoroquinolones %K LC-MS/MS %K Medicine %K ON %K Poultry %K poultry excreta %K Tetracycline %K Tetracyclines %K veterinary %B 7th Internaltional Conference on Antimicrobial Agents in Veterinary Medicine (AAVM 2014) %I NA %C NA %8 16/9/2014 %G eng %N AAVM %1 2268 %2 16/09/2014 - 19/09/2014 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2014 %T Determination of caramel colorants' by-products in liquid foods by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). %A Séverine Goscinny %A Hanot, Vincent %A Trabelsi, Hasna %A Joris Van Loco %K Acetic Acid %K Analytic Sample Preparation Methods %K beer %K Beverages %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Condiments %K Food Coloring Agents %K Food Contamination %K Food Inspection %K France %K Furaldehyde %K Imidazoles %K Limit of Detection %K Molecular Structure %K Reproducibility of Results %K Solid phase extraction %K Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %X

2-Methylimidazole, 4-methylimidazole (2-MI and 4-MI), 2-acetyl-4-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl) imidazole (THI) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) are neo-formed compounds generated during the manufacture of caramel colours and are transferred to the processed food. These contaminants are known to have a toxicological profile that may pose health risks. Hence, to characterise THI, 2- and 4-MI and 5-HMF levels in liquid foods, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and sample preparation was divided into two analytical strategies depending on the concentration range expected in the type of foods targeted. For the determination of the imidazole substitutes (THI, 2- and 4-MI), a sample enrichment and clean-up step by strong cation solid-phase extraction was developed. This method is capable of quantifying over a range of 5 ng ml⁻¹ (LOQ) to 500 ng ml⁻¹ with recoveries of 75.4-112.4% and RSDs of 1.5-15%. For determination of 5-HMF, a standard addition method was applied covering the linear range of 0.25-30 µg ml⁻¹ with RSDs from 2.8% (for intraday precision) to 9.2% (for intermediate precision). The validated analytical methods were applied to 28 liquid food samples purchased from local markets. THI was found only in the beer samples at levels up to 141.2 ng ml⁻¹. For 2-MI, non-quantifiable traces were observed for all samples, while 4-MI was observed in all samples with large concentration variations (from < LOQ to 563.9 ng ml⁻¹). 5-HMF was found at expected concentrations, except for a sherry vinegar sample (113 µg ml⁻¹), which required a high level of dilution before following the standard addition protocol.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 31 %P 1652-60 %8 2014 %G eng %N 10 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25060737?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/19440049.2014.940609 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Determination of selected veterinary antimicrobials in poultry excreta %A B Gorissen %A Tim Reyns %A Devreese,M. %A De Backer,P. %A Joris Van Loco %A Croubels,S. %K analysi %K analysis %K Antimicrobial %K Antimicrobials %K DRUG %K Hormone %K LC/MS %K ON %K Poultry %K poultry excreta %K Residue %K residue analysis %K SELECTED %K symposium %K veterinary %B 7th Intrenational Symposium on Hormone and Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis (VDRA 2014) %I NA %C NA %8 2/6/2014 %G eng %N UGhent, ILVO %1 2267 %2 02/06/2014 - 05/06/2014 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2014 %T Development and application of a non-targeted extraction method for the analysis of migrating compounds from plastic baby bottles by GC-MS. %A Onghena, Matthias %A Els Van Hoeck %A Vervliet, Philippe %A Scippo, Marie Louise %A Simon, Coraline %A Joris Van Loco %A Covaci, Adrian %K Belgium %K Cooking and Eating Utensils %K Databases, Chemical %K Diffusion %K Ethanol %K European Union %K Food Contamination %K Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry %K Hot Temperature %K Humans %K Infant %K Infant Formula %K Liquid-Liquid Extraction %K Materials Testing %K Models, Chemical %K Plasticizers %K plastics %K Reproducibility of Results %K Solubility %K Solvents %X

In 2011, the European Union prohibited the production of polycarbonate (PC) baby bottles due to the toxic effects of the PC monomer bisphenol-A. Therefore, baby bottles made of alternative materials, e.g. polypropylene (PP) or polyethersulphone (PES), are currently marketed. The principal aim of the study was the identification of major compounds migrating from baby bottles using a liquid-liquid extraction followed by GC/MS analysis. A 50% EtOH in water solution was selected as a simulant for milk. After sterilisation of the bottle, three migration experiments were performed during 2 h at 70°C. A non-targeted liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate-n-hexane (1:1) was performed on the simulant samples. Identification of migrants from 24 baby bottles was done using commercially available WILEY and NIST mass spectra libraries. Differences in the migrating compounds and their intensities were observed between the different types of plastics, but also between the same polymer from a different producer. Differences in the migration patterns were perceived as well between the sterilisation and the migrations and within the different migrations. Silicone, Tritan™ and PP exhibited a wide variety of migrating compounds, whereas PES and polyamide (PA) showed a lower amount of migrants, though sometimes in relatively large concentrations (azacyclotridecan-2-one up to 250 µg kg⁻¹). Alkanes (especially in PP bottles), phthalates (dibutylphthalate in one PP bottle (±40 µg kg⁻¹) and one silicone bottle (±25 µg kg⁻¹); diisobutylphthalate in one PP (±10 µg kg⁻¹), silicone (up to ±80 µg kg⁻¹); and Tritan™ bottle (±30 µg kg⁻¹)), antioxidants (Irgafos 168, degradation products of Irganox 1010 and Irganox 1076), etc. were detected for PP, silicone and Tritan™ bottles. Although the concentrations were relatively low, some compounds not authorised by European Union Regulation No. 10/2011, such as 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (10-100 µg kg⁻¹) or 2-butoxyethyl acetate (about 300 µg kg⁻¹) were detected. Migrating chemicals were identified as confirmed (using a standard) or as tentative (further confirmation required).

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 31 %P 2090-102 %8 2014 %G eng %N 12 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25407881?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/19440049.2014.979372 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Development of a quick and non-invasive method for the determination of selected veterinary antimicrobials in poultry %A B Gorissen %A Tim Reyns %A Devreese,M. %A De Backer,P. %A Joris Van Loco %A Croubels,S. %K Animal %K Animals %K Antibiotic %K antibiotics %K Antimicrobial %K Antimicrobials %K conference %K Development %K International %K LC-MS/MS %K method %K ON %K Poultry %K poultry excreta %K SELECTED %K use %K veterinary %B 3th International Conference on Responsible Use of Antibiotics in Animals %I NA %C NA %8 29/9/2014 %G eng %N RUAA %1 2269 %2 29/09/2014 - 01/10/2014 %0 Journal Article %J Public Health Nutr %D 2014 %T Dietary intake of lycopene by the Belgian adult population. %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Cucu, Tatiana %A Vinkx, Christine %A Huvaere, Kevin %A Huybrechts, Inge %A Joris Van Loco %K ADOLESCENT %K Adult %K Aged %K Antioxidants %K Belgium %K Carotenoids %K cross-sectional studies %K Diet %K Diet Records %K Diet Surveys %K Fast Foods %K Female %K Humans %K Lycopersicon esculentum %K Male %K Mental Recall %K middle aged %K Nutrition Assessment %K Young adult %X

OBJECTIVE: Lycopene is a potent antioxidant, and it has been suggested that intake of tomatoes and tomato products containing lycopene is associated with a decreased risk of various chronic diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the distribution of dietary lycopene intake in the Belgian population and to determine the most important contributors to lycopene intake.

DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.

SETTING: National food consumption data from the Belgian Food Consumption Survey (BFCS) 2004 were used for the intake assessment. Determination of the lycopene content in foods was performed with HPLC-UV. Individual food consumption data were multiplied by the actual mean concentrations of lycopene per food.

SUBJECTS: Individuals (n 3083) aged 15 years and older participated in the study and provided two 24 h recalls.

RESULTS: The mean lycopene intake among Belgian adults was 4·1 (sd 2·3) mg/d or 0·059 (sd 0·033) mg/kg body weight per d. Lycopene intake among men (4·6 (sd 2·6) mg/d) was higher than among women (3·6 (sd 2·1) mg/d), and was higher in the younger compared with the older age groups. Cis-lycopene intake represented about one-third of the total lycopene intake. Tomatoes and tomato products (43%) and sauces and ready-to-eat meals containing tomato sauces (41%) were the main contributors to lycopene intake in Belgium.

CONCLUSIONS: The lycopene intake of the Belgian adult population was comparable to intakes reported in neighbouring countries and was below the acceptable daily intake.

%B Public Health Nutr %V 17 %P 248-55 %8 2014 Feb %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23286216?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1017/S1368980012005459 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2014 %T Evaluation of the migration of 15 photo-initiators from cardboard packaging into Tenax(®) using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). %A Kathy Van Den Houwe %A van de Velde, S %A Caroline Evrard %A Els Van Hoeck %A Joris Van Loco %A Bolle, F %K Chromatography, Liquid %K Food Contamination %K Food Packaging %K Ink %K Molecular Structure %K Photosensitizing Agents %K Reproducibility of Results %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %X

Photo-initiators are widely used to cure ink on packaging materials used in food applications such as plastic films or cartonboards. In migration studies, food simulants are very often used to simulate food, like Tenax(®), which is the simulant for dry foodstuffs. In this paper a fast and reliable confirmation method for the determination of the following photo-initiators in Tenax(®) is described: benzophenone (BP), 4,4'-bis(diethylamino)benzophenone (DEAB), 2-chloro-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CTX), 1-chloro-4-propoxy-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (CPTX), 2,4-diethyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (DETX), 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone (DMPA), 4-(dimethylamino)benzophenone (DMBP), 2-ethylanthraquinone (EA), ethyl-4-dimethylaminobenzoate (EDMAB), 1-hydroxylcyclohexyl phenyl ketone (HCPK), 2-hydroxy-4'-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (HMMP), 2-isopropyl-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (ITX), 4-methylbenzophenone (MBP), Michler's ketone (MK), and 4-phenylbenzophenone (PBZ). After the migration study was completed, the simulant Tenax(®) was extracted using acetonitrile, followed by analysis on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Quantification was carried out using benzophenone-d10 (BP-d10) as internal standard. The presented method is validated in terms of matrix effect, specificity, linearity, recovery, precision and sensitivity, showing the method can detect all photo-initiators at very low concentrations (LOD < 0.125 µg g(-1) for all substances). Finally, the procedure was applied to real samples, proving the capabilities of the presented method.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 31 %P 767-75 %8 2014 Apr %G eng %N 4 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24447245?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/19440049.2014.886340 %0 Journal Article %J PLoS One %D 2014 %T Foodborne cereulide causes beta-cell dysfunction and apoptosis. %A Vangoitsenhoven, Roman %A Rondas, Dieter %A Inne Crèvecoeur %A D'Hertog, Wannes %A Baatsen, Pieter %A Masini, Matilde %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Joris Van Loco %A Matthys, Christophe %A Mathieu, Chantal %A Overbergh, Lut %A Van der Schueren, Bart %K Animals %K Apoptosis %K Cell Line %K Cercopithecus aethiops %K COS Cells %K Depsipeptides %K Food Microbiology %K Glucose %K Hep G2 Cells %K Humans %K Insulin %K Insulin-Secreting Cells %K Islets of Langerhans %K mice %K Mice, Inbred C57BL %K Mitochondria %K rats %X

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: To study the effects of cereulide, a food toxin often found at low concentrations in take-away meals, on beta-cell survival and function.

METHODS: Cell death was quantified by Hoechst/Propidium Iodide in mouse (MIN6) and rat (INS-1E) beta-cell lines, whole mouse islets and control cell lines (HepG2 and COS-1). Beta-cell function was studied by glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Mechanisms of toxicity were evaluated in MIN6 cells by mRNA profiling, electron microscopy and mitochondrial function tests.

RESULTS: 24 h exposure to 5 ng/ml cereulide rendered almost all MIN6, INS-1E and pancreatic islets apoptotic, whereas cell death did not increase in the control cell lines. In MIN6 cells and murine islets, GSIS capacity was lost following 24 h exposure to 0.5 ng/ml cereulide (P<0.05). Cereulide exposure induced markers of mitochondrial stress including Puma (p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis, P<0.05) and general pro-apoptotic signals as Chop (CCAAT/-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein). Mitochondria appeared swollen upon transmission electron microscopy, basal respiration rate was reduced by 52% (P<0.05) and reactive oxygen species increased by more than twofold (P<0.05) following 24 h exposure to 0.25 and 0.50 ng/ml cereulide, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Cereulide causes apoptotic beta-cell death at low concentrations and impairs beta-cell function at even lower concentrations, with mitochondrial dysfunction underlying these defects. Thus, exposure to cereulide even at concentrations too low to cause systemic effects appears deleterious to the beta-cell.

%B PLoS One %V 9 %P e104866 %8 2014 %G eng %N 8 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25119564?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1371/journal.pone.0104866 %0 Journal Article %J Sci Total Environ %D 2014 %T Hair mercury and urinary cadmium levels in Belgian children and their mothers within the framework of the COPHES/DEMOCOPHES projects. %A Pirard, Catherine %A Koppen, Gudrun %A Koen De Cremer %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Govarts, Eva %A Dewolf, Marie-Christine %A Van De Mieroop, Els %A Aerts, Dominique %A Biot, Pierre %A Casteleyn, Ludwine %A Kolossa-Gehring, Marike %A Schwedler, Gerda %A Angerer, Jürgen %A Koch, Holger M %A Schindler, Birgit K %A Castaño, Argelia %A Esteban, Marta %A Schoeters, Greet %A Den Hond, Elly %A Sepai, Ovnair %A Exley, Karen %A Horvat, Milena %A Bloemen, Louis %A Knudsen, Lisbeth E %A Joas, Reinhard %A Joas, Anke %A Joris Van Loco %A Charlier, Corinne %K Belgium %K Cadmium %K Child %K Diet %K environmental exposure %K Environmental Monitoring %K Environmental Pollutants %K Female %K Hair %K Humans %K Male %K mercury %K seafood %X

A harmonized human biomonitoring pilot study was set up within the frame of the European projects DEMOCOPHES and COPHES. In 17 European countries, biomarkers of some environmental pollutants, including urinary cadmium and hair mercury, were measured in children and their mothers in order to obtain European-wide comparison values on these chemicals. The Belgian participant population consisted in 129 school children (6-11 years) and their mothers (≤ 45 years) living in urban or rural areas of Belgium. The geometric mean levels for mercury in hair were 0.383 μg/g and 0.204 μg/g for respectively mothers and children. Cadmium in mother's and children's urine was detected at a geometric mean concentration of respectively 0.21 and 0.04 μg/l. For both biomarkers, levels measured in the mothers and their child were correlated. While the urinary cadmium levels increased with age, no trend was found for hair mercury content, except the fact that mothers hold higher levels than children. The hair mercury content increased significantly with the number of dental amalgam fillings, explaining partially the higher levels in the mothers by their higher presence rate of these amalgams compared to children. Fish or seafood consumption was the other main parameter determining the mercury levels in hair. No relationship was found between smoking status and cadmium or mercury levels, but the studied population included very few smokers. Urinary cadmium levels were higher in both mothers and children living in urban areas, while for mercury this difference was only significant for children. Our small population showed urinary cadmium and hair mercury levels lower than the health based guidelines suggested by the WHO or the JECFA (Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives). Only 1% had cadmium level slightly higher than the German HBM-I value (1 μg/l for adults), and 9% exceeded the 1 μg mercury/g hair suggested by the US EPA.

%B Sci Total Environ %V 472 %P 730-40 %8 2014 Feb 15 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24333995?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.028 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Influence of processing of shellfish on marine toxins in bivalves and crustaceans %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Bekaert,K %A J. Robbens %A Wambacq,M. %A Joris Van Loco %E Contractueel Onderzoek - DG Dier, Plant en Voeding %K crabs %K EN %K marine %K Marine toxins %K ON %K plant %K Shellfish %K symposium %K voeding %B 7e jaarlijks symposium Contractueel Onderzoek - DG Dier, Plant en Voeding EEN Wetenschappelijk oog op veilig voedsel %8 0/0/2014 %G eng %N Contractueel Onderzoek - DG Dier,Plant en Voedin %1 2310 %2 15-16/10/2014 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Inname van benzeen en vluchtige organische componenten via voeding %A Joris Van Loco %K benzeen %K EN %K plant %K symposium %B 7e jaarlijksesymposium Contractueel onderzoek - DG Dier, Plant en Voeding, %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2014 %G eng %N FOD Volksgezondheid %1 2315 %2 15-16/10/2014 %0 Government Document %D 2014 %T Migratie van foto-initiatoren uit kartonverpakkingen. %A Kathy Van Den Houwe %A Els Van Hoeck %A Evrard,C. %A Joris Van Loco %A F. Bolle %K food contact material %K foto-initiatoren %K Migration %K Tenax %X Foto-initiatoren & migratie Mengsels van foto-initiatoren worden vaak toegevoegd aan UV-inkten, gebruikt voor de bedrukking van kartonverpakkingen bestemd voor contact met levensmiddelen, omdat zij het droogproces aanzienlijk versnellen via een radicalair polymerisatieproces. Foto-initiatoren die niet deelnamen in de polymerisatie kunnen migreren van het verpakkingsmateriaal naar de voeding. Daarnaast komen foto-initiatoren vaak voor in gerecycleerde kartons, als gevolg van het recyclageproces. Restanten van deze foto-initiatoren kunnen bijgevolg migreren vanuit de kartonverpakking en zo de voeding contamineren. In 2005 werd 30 miljoen liter melk voor baby’s van de markt gehaald in Italië door de aanwezigheid van de fotoinitiator 2-isopropylthioxanthon [2]. Sindsdien werden ook tal van andere foto-initiatoren teruggevonden in de voeding, zoals o.a. 4-methylbenzofenon in ontbijtgranen in 2009. %B LabInfo %V 12 %8 1/1/2014 %G eng %1 2294 %0 Journal Article %J J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci %D 2014 %T Multi-dye residue analysis of triarylmethane, xanthene, phenothiazine and phenoxazine dyes in fish tissues by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. %A Tim Reyns %A Belpaire, Claude %A Geeraerts, Caroline %A Joris Van Loco %K Animals %K Aquaculture %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Coloring Agents %K Drug Residues %K Eels %K Fishes %K Muscles %K Organic Chemicals %K regression analysis %K Reproducibility of Results %K Sensitivity and Specificity %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %X

Beside the possible illegal use of malachite green in aquaculture, other familiar dyes could also been applied by fraudulent producers due to their antiseptic and antibacterial activity. In this contribution, a new sensitive multi-residue method was developed to determine triarylmethane, xanthene, phenothiazine and phenoxazine dyes in fish by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Samples were extracted with acetonitrile, followed by an oxidation step using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone. Further clean-up was performed by tandem solid phase extraction using weak and strong cation exchange cartridges. Extracts were analysed by UPLC-MS(n) operating in the positive electrospray ionisation mode (ESI+). The fourteen dyes were separated within only 12min on a C18 BEH column using 1mM ammonium acetate in water at pH 4.5 and acetonitrile as mobile phases at a flowrate of 0.4mLmin(-1). The presented method was validated as defined by the European Union and scientific literature. Good linearity (R ≥0.99 and goodness-of-fit (g) ≤10%) was achieved over the tested concentration range (0.25-2ngg(-1)). Limit of quantification was 0.25ngg(-1) for all dyes, with a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 10/1. This is at least 5 to 10 times lower than previous published methods. Limits of detection were all <0.1ngg(-1). Precision and trueness fell within the criteria requested by the EC requirements for this concentration range. Decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) were all <1 and <0.25ngg(-1), respectively. Due to background levels of the xanthene dyes, the two rhodamine dyes could only be determined above 0.75ngg(-1). For these dyes, the method can only be used for screening purposes. To show the applicability of the method, a monitoring study was performed to investigate the occurrence of artificial dyes in wildlife European eel in Flemish rivers.

%B J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci %V 953-954 %P 92-101 %8 2014 Mar 15 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24583201?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.02.002 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2014 %T Nemen wij te veel voedseladditieven in? %A Joris Van Loco %K voedseladditieven %8 16/1/2014 %G eng %1 2333 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Presentatie van de resultaten van de studie uitgevoerd door het WIV: Caramel by products in beverages and sauces %A Joris Van Loco %K Beverages %K de %K EN %K gezondheid %K PRODUCTS %K WIV %B Permanente werkgroep "voeding en Gezondheid Voedselveiligheid inbegrepen" %I NA %C Brussel %8 28/5/2014 %G eng %N Hoge Gezondheidsraad %1 2247 %2 28/05/2014 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Presentatie van een studie over de blootstelling van de Belgische bevolking aan levensmiddelen additieven: tier 2 aanpak %A Joris Van Loco %K AAN %K Belgische %K blootstelling %K de %K EN %K gezondheid %B Permanente werkgroep "Voeding en Gezondheid Voedselveiligheid inbegrepen" %I NA %C Brussel %8 22/1/2014 %G eng %N Hoge Gezondheidsraad %1 2248 %2 22/01/2014 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T A protein biomarkers panel to screen for early chronic kidney disease using UPLC-online SPE-MS/MS %A Stéphanie Fraselle %E Joris Van Loco %E WIV-ISP %K Biomarkers %K chronic %K disease %K Kidney %K Life %K MS %K protein %K Science %B MS Aplications in Life Sciences %8 0/0/2014 %G eng %N Van Loco ,J., ISP %1 2272 %2 27/02/2014 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Proteomic detection as an alternative for the quantification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A V. Tsilia %A A. Rajkovic %A S. Cosijns %A Koen De Cremer %A Joris Van Loco %K additional %K alternative %K an %K analysi %K analysis %K approach %K approaches %K AS %K at %K bacteria %K cause %K Common %K Control %K detection %K Development %K disease %K Diseases %K Efficiency %K enterotoxin %K Enterotoxins %K environment %K estimation %K food %K Foodborne Diseases %K foodborne outbreaks %K Foods %K Gastroenteritis %K identification %K identify %K Immunoassay %K IS %K matrix %K Meat %K method %K methods %K microorganism %K milk %K ON %K outbreak %K Peptides %K poisoning %K prevention %K PROCESSES %K protein %K purification %K Quantification %K RANGE %K Sample %K Samples %K Selection %K specific %K staphylococcus %K Staphylococcus aureus %K structure %X

Food poisoning caused by ingestion of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins is one of the most common foodborne diseases. Staphylococcus aureus is a well-studied, omnipresent bacterium which is not only found in the environment but is also part of the commensal mammalian flora. This microorganism produces enterotoxins, protein by their structure which can cause gastro-enteritis, emesis or act as superantigen. The methods used to its confirmation in food samples are mainly of microbiological character and are not quantitative. They may not be used in prevention of any foodborne outbreaks or to properly identify them. Besides, none of those methods allow unambiguous identification, nor quantification, as molecular tools are inefficient at proving the existence of the toxins in foods and immunoassays are not specific enough, not suitable for quantification and more importantly limited in the range of toxins they can identify. The proteomic approach method for the specific detection and quantification of each toxin is achieved through the analysis of peptides (toxin fragments) unique to a toxin. The peptides are obtained by extraction, purification and concentration of the enterotoxins out of the matrix and submitted to a proteotypic digestion by trypsin, The goal was to select two specific peptides per toxin to ensure proper identification and quantification. With a recognizable extraction concept the toxin is isolated from the incriminated matrix. During the process of method development the toxin was spiked at various steps down the extraction procedure to a matrix for additional control of the extraction losses. The spiked amount of toxins (1000 ng of each enterotoxin) is not representative of a real contamination but was used for the estimation. The major conclusions were that the extraction efficiency was dependent (eg milk vs meat) on the food matrix and the selection of the proteotypicpeptides

%B ProteoMMX³ strictly quantitative %S ProteoMMX³ strictly quantitative - Book of Abstracts %I NA %C NA %P 42 %8 0/0/2014 %G eng %N University of Liverpool in association with the British Society for Proteome Research %1 2237 %2 March 24-27th 2014 %& 42 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Simultaneous determination of anti-tuberculosis drug levels in human plasma by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for subsequent Therapeutic Drug Monitoring %A Tim Reyns %A Vanessa Mathys %A Groenen,G. %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Joris Van Loco %K alternative %K Anti tubercolosis drugs %K DRUG %K Drug Monitoring %K Human %K LC-MS/MS %K LEVEL %K levels %K Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K meeting %K Monitoring %K plasma %K Strategies %K Strategy %K TDM %K Therapeutic drug monitoring %K Toxicology %K ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry %B Alternative Sampliong Strategies in Toxicology and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring - IATDMCT Satellite Meeting 2014 %I NA %C NA %8 18/9/2014 %G eng %N IATDMCT %1 2270 %2 18/09/2014 - 19/09/2014 %0 Journal Article %J Talanta %D 2014 %T Speciation study of aluminium in beverages by Competitive Ligand Exchange-Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry %A Magnier,A. %A V. Fekete %A Joris Van Loco %A F. Bolle %A M. Elskens %K ALL %K Aluminium %K an %K at %K beer %K Beverages %K CLE G ÇôAdSV %K Comparison %K conditions %K Cupferron %K Fraction %K i %K INFORMATION %K Less %K Ligands %K M %K mercury %K Molecular Weight %K ON %K organic %K Paper %K parameters %K ph %K RANGE %K RED %K relative %K result %K results %K S %K Sample %K Samples %K Speciation %K stability %K study %K Tea %K Technique %K Tomato %K uncertainty %K values %K WATER %K Weight %K Wine %X Competitive Ligand Exchange-Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry (CLE-AdSV) was used for determining the speciation of aluminium in commonly consumed beverages (water, tea, infusion, coffee, orange juice, tomato juice, beer and red wine). Aluminium determination involves the adsorption of Al-complexes with the ligand cupferron onto a hanging mercury drop electrode. All samples were studied at pH 6.5 with an accumulation step at -0.60 V (all potential values in the paper are given versus the Ag/AgCl, [KCl]=3 M reference electrode) during 60 s, and a final cupferron concentration of 4×10-4 M. These conditions were used to establish (i) the concentration of electro-labile aluminium, (ii) the range of ligand concentrations and (iii) the conditional stability constants of beverage samples using titration procedures. The results based on Ruzic plots were compared to computer simulation with Visual MINTEQ. This comparison suggests that labile monomeric Al-forms and soluble organic complexes of low molecular weight can be quantified by the CLE-AdSV procedure. Overall the relative uncertainties on the determination of the electro-active Al fraction and the complexing parameters, i.e., concentration and conditional stability constant of natural ligands in the samples, are less than 15%. Thanks to these results, information on Al bioavailability in beverages was collected and discussed. This study also illustrates the value of computer simulations when complex, time-consuming voltammetric techniques are applied. %B Talanta %V 122 %P 30 - 35 %8 0/5/2014 %@ 0039-9140 %G eng %1 2236 %& 30 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.051 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Steroid-like activity of migration products from non-polycarbonate plastic baby bottles %A Simon,C. %A Onghena,M. %A Covaci,A. %A Els Van Hoeck %A Joris Van Loco %A M. Elskens %A Vandermarken,T. %A Heidi Demaegdt %A Van Langenhove,K. %A Birgit Mertens %A Karine Vandermeiren %A Marie-Louise Scippo %K Activity %K Babies %K Baby bottles %K Congresses %K endocrine activity %K European %K Migration %K plastics %K PRODUCTS %K Societies %K Society %K Toxicology %B Eurotox 2014: 50th Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology %I NA %C NA %8 10/9/2014 %G eng %N British Toxicology Society %1 2301 %2 7-10/09/2014 %0 Report %D 2014 %T Study of the possible migration risks of food contact materials for children under 3 years %A Els Van Hoeck %A Birgit Mertens %A Luc Verschaeve %A Simon,C. %A Marie-Louise Scippo %A Onghena,M. %A Covaci,A. %A Heidi Demaegdt %A L. Pussemier %A Karine Vandermeiren %A Vandermarken,T. %A Van Langenhove,K. %A M. Elskens %A Joris Van Loco %K CHILDREN %K CONTACT %K food %K food contact %K food contact material %K food contact materials %K Migration %K risk %K risks %K study %I WIV-ISP %C Brussels %P 137 %8 30/10/2016 %G eng %M D/2016/2505/21 %1 2306 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T A urinary protein biomarkers panel to discriminate progressive from non-progressive chronic kidney disease using a targeted proteomics method %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A Koen De Cremer %A Wim Coucke %A Glorieux,G. %A Vanmassenhove,J. %A Schepers,E. %A Neirynck,N. %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Joris Van Loco %A Van Biesen,W. %A Vanholder,R. %K Absolute %K additional %K Affect %K age %K Albuminuria %K ALL %K alternative %K an %K analysi %K analysis %K AS %K association %K at %K Belgian %K Biomarkers %K blood %K chronic %K clinic %K conference %K Control %K Creatinine %K Diagnosis %K Discriminant Analysis %K Discussion %K disease %K factors %K Follow %K general %K general population %K General-population %K Group %K High risk %K HIGH-RISK %K hospital %K INFORMATION %K IS %K Kidney %K Literature %K Marker %K Markers %K Mass %K measurement %K method %K methods %K MODEL %K models %K objectives %K ON %K Patient %K patients %K Peptides %K POPULATION %K poster %K protein %K Proteins %K Proteomics %K protocol %K RENAL %K result %K results %K risk %K Sample %K Samples %K SELECTED %K serum %K STANDARD %K standards %K Still %K Universities %K university %K university hospital %K Urinary %K urine %K Validate %K Weight %X

I

%B BePAc (2nd Conference of the Belgian Proteomics Association) %S From analytical to functional proteomics %I NA %C NA %P 101 %8 0/0/2014 %G eng %N Belgian Proteomics Association %1 2319 %2 18 - 19 December 2014 %& 101 %0 Generic %D 2014 %T Usefulness of urinary nicotine metabolite levels to estimate smoking frequency %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Koen De Cremer %A P. Dendale %A K Nackaerts %A H. Vanacker %A J Vanoeteren %A P Roosebrouck %A F. Achten %A Van Laethem,D. %A Joris Van Loco %K conference %K European %K health %K LEVEL %K levels %K ON %K SMOKING %K Urinary %B European Conference on Tobbacco or Health %I Turkish Association for Cancer Research and Control, National coalition on Tobacco or Health and European Cancer Leagues (ECL) %C Istanbul %8 26/3/2014 %G eng %N Turkish Association for Cancer Research and Control+National coalition on Tobacco or Health+European Cancer Leagues (ECL) %1 2240 %2 26-29 March 2014 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2013 %T Accident de Wetteren: communication des résultats de l'analyse épidémiologique d'exposition à l'acrylonitrile aux habitants de Wetteren %A Joris Van Loco %K accident %K acrylonitrile %K Communication %K de %K Wetteren %8 31/8/2013 %G eng %1 2233 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Analyis of migration compounds from plastic baby bottles with GC-QQQ-MS and LC-QToF-MS: Development and application of a non-targeted extraction method %A Onghena,M. %A Els Van Hoeck %A Vervliet,P. %A Joris Van Loco %A Covaci,A. %E Hasjlova,J. %E Nielen,M. %K analyis %K analysi %K analysis %K application %K Baby bottles %K chromatography %K Development %K food %K Food Analysis %K Mass Spectrometry %K method %K Migration %X presentation on the 6th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Food Analysis - RAFA, november 2013, Prague Czech Republic %B Recent Advances in Food Analysis (RAFA) %8 8/11/2013 %G eng %N Hasjlova,J., Nielen,M. %1 2176 %2 5-8/11/2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Analysis of chlormequat residue in milk by UPLC-MS/MS %A Philippe Szternfeld %A Brohon,C. %A Joris Van Loco %A V. Hanot %E Tomaniova,M. %E Hajslova,J. %E Pulkrabova,J. %E Suchanova,M. %K acid %K an %K analysi %K analysis %K Animal %K Animal Feed %K AS %K at %K Cereals %K chlormequat %K Clean up %K criteria %K data %K detection %K Europe %K fat %K feed %K food %K Food Analysis %K growth %K HIS %K i %K Interference %K IS %K LEVEL %K Limit of Detection %K Mass Spectrometry %K matrix %K method %K milk %K observed %K ON %K ORIGIN %K plant %K Plants %K protein %K Proteins %K Quantification %K regulation %K Reproducibility %K Residue %K result %K results %K Solid phase extraction %K SPE %K Strategies %K Strategy %K surrogate %K System %K time %K Type %K UPLC %K use %K VALIDATION %K WATER %K waters %K Yield %X Chlormequat is a plant growth regulator generally used to promote lateral branching and flowering of ornamental plants. It is also frequently used to improve yields for different types of cereals in Europe. These cereals are often processed into animal feed. Consequently chlormequat residues could potentially be found in matrices of animal origin. The MRL in milk were fixed at 0.05 mg/kg in annex I part B of the regulation 396/2005. Milk is a very complex matrix composed of different proteins and fat. Therefore, intensive clean-up is needed before injection to prevent interference or clogging during LC analysis. For the extraction, 4ml of water is added to 1g of milk just after the addition of chlormequat D4 as internal standard. The cleanup strategy selected was the use of dichloromethane andacetic acid to eliminate fat and precipitate protein, respectively. This step was followed by a solid phase extraction (SPE) of the aqueous phase on a Weak Cation Exchange cartridge. The chlormequat was eluted by using ammonium acetate, before injection on an UPLC-MS/MS system (Waters premier). Due to his ionic characteristic, no retention is observed on classical C18 column. The reverse phase polymethacrylate Shodex RSpak DE413 (150 × 4.6 mm) recommended in the CEN method prEN15054 has been selected. Isocratic condition (water/acetonitrile/ methanol/acetic acid - 71.25+17.5+7.5+3.75 V+V+V+V 50 mM ammonium acetate are used at a flow of 0.4 ml/min. The observed a retention time is 4.0 min. The analytical method has a limit of quantification of 0.025 mg/kg (limit of detection of 0.0125 mg/kg) and was validated following SANCO/12495/2011 criteria at the LOQ and at a higher level (10 times LOQ - 0.25 mg/kg). Results show a recovery of approximately 100% (between 100.6 and 103.0) with a repeatability and in-house reproducibility below 10%. These very good validation data are correlated to the robustness of the method and to the use of an isotopic surrogate. %B Rafa 2013:Recent Advances in Food Analysis %8 0/0/2013 %G eng %N Tomaniova,M., Hajslova,J., Pulkrabova,J., Suchanova,M. %1 2226 %2 05-08 novembre 2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Biomonitoring survey of residents and rescue workers for acrylonitrile after the train disaster in Wetteren (Belgium) %A Joris Van Loco %A T. De Smedt %A Koen De Cremer %A Sébastien Fierens %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Gijs,G. %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Herman Van Oyen %K Belgium %K residents %K survey %K worker %K Workers %B BEMS meeting %I NA %C NA %8 22/11/2013 %G eng %N Belgian environmental mutagen society %1 2204 %2 22/11/2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Biomonitoring survey of residents and rescue workers for acrylonitrile after the train disaster in Wetteren (Belgium) %A Joris Van Loco %A Koen De Cremer %A T. De Smedt %A Sébastien Fierens %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Gijs,G. %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Herman Van Oyen %K / %K acrylonitrile %K Belgium %K biomonitoring %K residents %K survey %K Wetteren %K worker %K Workers %B / %I NA %C NA %8 4/12/2013 %G eng %N Vlaamse Wetenschappelijke Vereniging voor Arbeidsgeneeskunde (VWVA) %1 35260 %2 04/12/2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T A biomonitoring survey of the residents and the rescue workers for acrylonitrile after the train disaster in Wetteren (Belgium) %A Joris Van Loco %A T. De Smedt %A Koen De Cremer %A Sébastien Fierens %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Herman Van Oyen %K accident %K acrylonitrile %K ALL %K Analyses %K at %K Belgian %K Belgium %K biomonitoring %K blood %K chemicals %K conference %K data %K Data collection %K demand %K distribution %K ET %K Europe %K European %K exposure %K function %K Half-Life %K health %K Human %K human exposure %K INFORMATION %K IS %K living %K measure %K method %K methods %K nonsmokers %K objectives %K observed %K ON %K Participation %K past %K pattern %K People %K person %K POPULATION %K Populations %K PRODUCTS %K public %K public health %K Public-health %K Questionnaire %K RANGE %K Reference Values %K residence %K residents %K result %K results %K Sample %K Samples %K Service %K Services %K Smoke %K smokers %K SMOKING %K SOCIAL %K specific %K Statistical %K status %K study %K survey %K System %K time %K tobacco %K urine %K values %K Wetteren %K WHO %K worker %K Workers %X presentation at the 6th EUROPEAN PUBLIC HEALTH CONFERENCE - Health in Europe: are we there yet? Learning from the past, building the future %B 6th EUROPEAN PUBLIC HEALTH CONFERENCE Health in Europe: are we there yet? Learning from the past, building the future %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2013 %G eng %N European Public Health Association (EUPHA) %1 235 %2 13-16/11/2013 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2013 %T Deelnemers aan blootstellingsonderzoek Wetteren hoeven geen factuur te vrezen %A Joris Van Loco %K AAN %K blootstelling %K Wetteren %8 30/7/2013 %G eng %1 2232 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Determination of steviol glycosides Rebaudioside A in soft drinks by RP-amide liquid chromatography %A Van den Bergh,M. %A Eric Deconinck %A Séverine Goscinny %A Joris Van Loco %E Marie-Louise Scippo %K alimentation %K an %K AS %K at %K chromatography %K Components %K composition %K consumer %K CONTACT %K Control %K daily intake %K de %K diabetic %K Diet %K dietary %K Dietary intake %K Dietary-intake %K drinks %K EU %K FNRS %K food %K glycosides %K intake %K IS %K liquid chromatography %K measure %K method %K methods %K NUTRITION %K plant %K regulation %K SAFETY %K santé %K study %K symposium %K Taste %K work %X The additive steviol glycosides (E960) is a plant (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni) extract that contains at least 95% of seven steviol glycosides but there are four dominant components: stevioside, rebaudioside A and C, dulcoside A. Rebaudioside A (Reb A) %B Septième symposium du Groupe de Contact FNRS Nutrition, Alimentation et Santé GCNAS %S Groupe de contact FNRS GNCAS %8 6/12/2013 %G eng %N Scippo,M.L. %1 2225 %2 6/12/2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Determination of the sterol compound ergosterol by UPLC-APCI-MS/MS %A Tim Reyns %A Ann Packeu %A Joris Van Loco %E Waters %K APCI %K Ergosterol %K Mycology %K WATER %K waters %X presentation at Waters 2013 MS Technology Days %B Waters Technology Days %8 10/10/2013 %G eng %N Waters Inc. %1 2220 %2 10/10/2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Development of an UPLC-(ESI+)-MS/MS method for the quantitative determination of colistin A and B in poultry manure - Tackling the illegal use of antimicrobial drugs against Salmonella %A B Gorissen %A Tim Reyns %A De Backer,P. %A Joris Van Loco %A Croubels,S. %K an %K analysi %K analysis %K Antimicrobial %K Colistin %K colistine %K Development %K DRUG %K drugs %K food %K Food Analysis %K manure %K method %K MS/MS %K Poultry %K Salmonella %K trend %K trends %K use %X presentation during Symposium 'Trends in Food Analysis VII' - September 2013 Gent Belgium %B Trends in Food Analysis VII %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2013 %G eng %N KVCV %1 2223 %2 10/09/2013 %0 Journal Article %J Food Chem Toxicol %D 2013 %T Dietary exposure of the Belgian adult population to non-dioxin-like PCBs. %A Cimenci, Oya %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Séverine Goscinny %A Van Den Bergh, Marie-Anne %A Hanot, Vincent %A Vinkx, Christine %A Bolle, Fabien %A Joris Van Loco %K ADOLESCENT %K Adult %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Animals %K Belgium %K Dairy Products %K Diet %K Diet Surveys %K Female %K Fish Products %K Fishes %K Food Analysis %K Food Contamination %K Humans %K Male %K middle aged %K Pesticide residues %K Pesticides %K Polychlorinated Biphenyls %K seafood %K Young adult %X

Non-dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (ndl-PCBs), and some of their metabolites, might initiate neurological, neuroendocrinological, immunological and carcinogenic effects. Dietary exposure of the Belgian adult population to ndl-PCBs was investigated in this study. Foods from five food groups, collected in Belgium in 2008, were analyzed by GC-MS/MS for the six indicator PCBs (PCB 28, 52, 101, 138, 153 and 180). Results were expressed as the sum of the six congeners. A dietary exposure assessment was performed, combining ndl-PCBs levels found in food with data from the national food consumption survey of 2004. Fish and fish products were the dominating food group in terms of contamination level, with the highest levels measured in the composite sample «other fishes» (18.58 ng/g FW). The dietary exposure of the Belgian population (n=3083) to ndl-PCBs ranged from 5.33 ng/kg b.w./day on average to 16.10 ng/kg b.w./day at the 99th percentile, using the lower bound concentration. The mean dietary exposure mainly originates from Fish and fish products (54.3%), followed by dairy products (28.5%). As neither EFSA nor JECFA have set a Tolerable Daily Intake for ndl PCBs, uncertainty remains about how to interpret the exposure data in terms of public health.

%B Food Chem Toxicol %V 59 %P 670-9 %8 2013 Sep %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23811102?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.020 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Emerging contaminants in the food chain: health risks and new challenges being faced - mycotoxines, endocrine disruptors, nanoparticles, heavey metals, pesticides, additives, veterinary drugs ... %A Karine Vandermeiren %A Joris Van Loco %K challenge %K contaminant %K contaminants %K de %K DRUG %K drugs %K endocrine disruptor %K food %K Food Chain %K health %K métal %K pesticide %K Pesticides %K risk %K risks %K veterinary %K Veterinary Drugs %B Sûreté Alimentaire: Quelles innovations pour la maîtrise des contaminants et l'authentification des produits agricoles et alimentaires %8 13/11/2013 %G eng %N aan te vullen %1 2235 %2 13-14/11/2013 %0 Journal Article %J Food Chem Toxicol %D 2013 %T Estimation of dietary aluminum exposure of the Belgian adult population: evaluation of contribution of food and kitchenware. %A Fekete, Veronika %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Bolle, Fabien %A Joris Van Loco %K Adult %K Aluminum %K Belgium %K cooking %K environmental exposure %K Food Analysis %K Humans %X

An exposure assessment was performed to estimate the usual daily intake of aluminum (Al) via food and kitchenware in the Belgian adult population. Food consumption data were retrieved from the National Food Consumption Survey. Measurements of Al were performed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer on 552 pooled samples. The estimated usual daily intake of Al was calculated with the Nusser method, and amounted to 0.030mg/kg bodyweight bw/day, or 21% of the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI), established in 2008 and confirmed in 2011 by the European Food Safety Authority. The contribution of kitchenware to dietary Al exposure was estimated combining leaching models established for different food contact materials combined with surface use of the respective materials provided by an in-house validation survey. The average daily Al intake through kitchenware was estimated to be 7-fold less important at the mean level of the population than the Al intake through food. At the 98.2th percentile the dietary Al exposure reached 0.144mg/kg bw/day (0.113 and 0.031mg/kgbw/day respectively). This exceeds the PTWI indicating that a well defined subgroup of the population might be at risk.

%B Food Chem Toxicol %V 55 %P 602-8 %8 2013 May %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23402858?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.059 %0 Report %D 2013 %T Evaluation de l'exposition de la population belge aux additifs alimentaires: approche tier 2 %A Oya Cimenci %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Séverine Goscinny %A F. Bolle %A Joris Van Loco %K Belge %K de %K EVALUATION %K POPULATION %K population belge %I WIV-ISP %C Brussel %P 88 %8 1/10/2013 %@ D/2013/2505/45 %G eng %1 2216 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Evaluation of the migration of 14 photo-initiators from cardboard packaging into Tenax and cereals using UPLC-MS/MS %A Kathy Van Den Houwe %A Els Van Hoeck %A Evrard,C. %A Joris Van Loco %A F. Bolle %E Hasjlova,J. %E Nielen,M. %K analysi %K analysis %K cardboard %K Cereals %K EVALUATION %K food %K Food Analysis %K food contact material %K Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry %K Migration %K photoinitiators %K Tenax %X presentation at the 6th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Food Analysis - RAFA november 2013, Prague Czech Republic %B Recent Advances in Food Analysis (RAFA) %8 7/11/2013 %G eng %N Hasjlova,J., Nielen,M. %1 2163 %2 5-8/11/2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Exposure assessment of food additives by the Belgian population %A Séverine Goscinny %A Joris Van Loco %K assessment %K Belgian %K Belgian population %K de %K exposure %K exposure assessment %K food %K Food Additives %K POPULATION %B Conseil consultatif en matière de politique alimentaire et d'utilisation d'autres produits de consommation %8 0/0/2013 %G eng %U https://www.health.belgium.be/fr/conseil-consultatif-en-matiere-de-politique-alimentaire-et-dutilisation-dautres-produits-de %N SPF %1 2212 %2 17 octobre 2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T In vitro model to study the endocrine disrupting activity of migration products from plastic food contact materials %A Simon, C. %A Onghena,M. %A Covaci,A. %A Els Van Hoeck %A Joris Van Loco %A Elskens, M. %A Heidi Demaegdt %A Birgit Mertens %A Scippo, M.L. %K Migration %K plastic material %K xenoestrogen %X

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound mainly used for the manufacture of plastic such as polycarbonate. This transparent thermoplastic polymer is used for the fabrication of several food containers like baby bottle … BPA can migrate into food in contact with polycarbonate. There is a worldwide concern about BPA because several studies have shown endocrine disruptor potency of BPA causing possible adverse health effects.
In January 2011, the European Commission decided to ban the use of polycarbonate to manufacture baby feeding bottles. In a recent opinion, the Superior Health Council’s issued its concern regarding the currently use of alternatives to polycarbonate in these materials.
This work is part of the ALTPOLYCARB project which aims to study the migration products of alternative to polycarbonate and their endocrine disruptor activities.
The first part was to have an overview of the different polymers replacing polycarbonate, that are used on the Belgian market, it resulted in the conclusion that polymers used for the manufacture of baby bottles are mainly polypropylene, polyethersulfone, silicone, polyamide, polystyrene, and melamine. The second part of this work will be to evaluate the endocrine disruptor activity(ies) of global migration residues obtained from different kinds of baby bottles. This (these) activity(ies) will be explored using cell based transactivational assays also named “reporter gene assays. The MCF7 recombinant cells used here are genitically modified cells containing the firefly luciferase gene, as a reporter gene, and a DNA responsive element specific to the human oestrogen receptor. The biological activity of a chemical compound is monitored by the measurement of light emitted by the cells exposed to it (after addition of luciferin, the substrate of luciferase).
In a preliminary step, we first screened pure substances which were shown to migrate from plastic baby bottle, in a recent study performed by Simoneau & al, 2012 .
Human estrogen receptor agonistic and antagonistic activities of 25 pure compounds were measured using MCF7-ER cells (genetically modified MCF7 cells). After the first screening, some substances clearly show an activity such as BPA, Benzophenone, 2-Propenoic acid-2-ethylhexyl ester, Benzaldehyde-4-methylthio, Butylated hydroxytoluene and Dodecanoic acid, methyl ester whereas others ask an in-depth analysis to confirm their activity. For active substances only the study will be continued and a full dose-response curve will be performed in order to assess quantitatively the activity

%B 7th BioDetectors 2013 « Dioxins/PCBs/POPs, Endocrine disrupters (EDCs), obesogens and emerging pollutants » %I 7th BioDetectors 2013 « Dioxins/PCBs/POPs, Endocrine disrupters (EDCs), obesogens and emerging pollutants » %C Istanbul, Turkey %8 6/11/2013 %G eng %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2013 %T Le SPF Santé publique lance la seconde phase de prise en charge médicale suite à l'accident de Wetteren : l'analyse épidémiologique d'exposition à l'acrylonitrile %A Joris Van Loco %K accident %K acrylonitrile %K de %K exposition %K LE %K santé %K santé publique %K Wetteren %X Après la première phase de prise en charge médicale aigüe des riverains et du personnel d’intervention réalisée dans les premiers jours de l’accident, le SPF Santé publique lancera une analyse épidémiologique sur base d’un protocole développé ces derniers jours par l’Institut scientifique de Santé publique (ISP). %8 17/5/2013 %G eng %1 2229 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Marine biotoxins in Brown crab (Cancer pagurus) %A Bekaert,K. %A Wambacq,M. %A L. Devries %A Joris Van Loco %A J. Robbens %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %E J. Mees %K Belgium %K cancer %K marine %K publication %K young %X Marine biotoxins are produced by marine algae. During algal blooms at sea, these toxins end up in different sorts of seafood by filtration of contaminated water (eg mussels and oysters) or by eating contaminated food (eg crabs or lobsters). Two groups of marine biotoxins were included in this research: the so-called ‘DSP toxin s’ (‘Diarrhetic Shellfish Poisoning toxins’), lipophilic toxins that cause diarrhea and ‘ASP toxin s’ (‘Amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin s’), domoic acid and isomers, which can lead to nausea and neurologic symptoms. Both toxin groups are a threat to the Belgian population. For many years, food monitoring programs for marine biotoxins in seafood are implemented, based on reference methods described in European regulations and legislation. The shellfish included in these regulations, are species feeding directly on the toxin producing algae. In this study we want to go a step further and investigate whether the toxins can also be accumulated in crabs that feed on shellfish, and thus indirectly on the toxic algae. In addition, we examine the effect o f different processing methods on the toxin content o f the diverse types of common seafood. %B VLIZ Young Marine Scientists Day %S Book of Abstracts - VLIZ Young Marine Scientists Day %I VLIZ %V 63 %P 14 %8 0/0/2013 %G eng %N Mees,J.et al.(Ed.) %1 2227 %2 15 February 2013 %& 14 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Mercury and cadmium levels in Belgian children and their mothers %A C Pirard %A Koen De Cremer %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Koppen,G. %A Dewolf,M.C. %A Van de Mieroop,E. %A Aerts,D. %A Biot,P. %A Joris Van Loco %A Charlier,C. %K Belgian %K Cadmium %K CHILDREN %K environmental %K health %K LEVEL %K levels %K mercury %K Monitoring %K Mother %K mothers %K OCCUPATIONAL %K ON %K symposium %X Aims Within the frame of the EU projects DEMOCOPHES and COPHES, a harmonized European human biomonitoring pilot study was set up involving 17 European countries. The biomonitoring study consisted in measuring in each participating country the level of some environmental pollutant biomarkers in children and their mothers. Here we present the results of cadmium and mercury levels in respectively the urine and hair of the Belgian participants. Methods From October 2011 until February 2012, 129 Belgian school children (6-11y) and their mothers (≤ 45y) living in urban and rural areas of Brussels were selected to provide morning urine, hair, and information on their life style, diet and home environment. Cadmium levels were measured in centrifuged and acidified urine by ICP-MS (LOQ=0.01µg/g), while total mercury was analyzed by FIMS on hydrolyzed hairs (LOQ=0.08µg/g). Results The geometric mean level for mercury in hair were 0.383µg/g and 0.204µg/g for respectively mothers and children. Cadmium in mother's and children's urine was detected at a geometric mean concentration of respectively 0.21 and 0.04µg/L. Cadmium was detected in 99.2% of mother's urines and 86.4% of children's urines while 95.3 and 80.3% of mother's and children's hair showed mercury levels higher than the LOQ. Conclusions The levels of mercury in hair and cadmium in urine were higher in mothers than in children. The cadmium levels were higher in the urban area in both mothers and their children, and boys had increased levels compared to girls. Fish consumption and amalgam fillings in mothers were determinants of hair mercury levels %B I International Symposium on biological monitoring in occupational and environmental health %8 9/9/2013 %G eng %N Kate Jones,Health and Safety Laboratory,UK %1 2141 %2 1 %0 Journal Article %J J Pharm Biomed Anal %D 2013 %T On-line solid-phase extraction with ultra performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for the detection of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine in urine to strengthen human biomonitoring and smoking cessation studies. %A Koen De Cremer %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Joris Van Loco %K Chromatography, Liquid %K cotinine %K environmental exposure %K Humans %K Nicotine %K Reproducibility of Results %K Sensitivity and Specificity %K SMOKING %K Smoking cessation %K Solid phase extraction %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K Tobacco Smoke Pollution %X

At the time of writing, this work appears to be the first published report on the coupling of on-line solid phase extraction (SPE) with ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for the simultaneous detection of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine in human urine. The advantages of both on-line SPE (speed, automation, less labor intensive) coupled with UPLC-MS/MS (speed, sensitivity) offer a viable option for efficient and economical biomonitoring studies for the assessment of active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke and clinical studies focusing on smoke cessation techniques. In a first approach, a 1:100 dilution of the urine was applied to screen for both passive and active exposure. Intra- and inter-batch reproducibility of this fast method (10min) was assessed for three concentration levels and were found to be less than 8% for each analyte while the accuracy was between 89 and 113%. To further improve the sensitivity of this approach when focusing only on passive smokers, the performance of a 1:10 dilution with the on-line SPE UPLC-MS/MS system was also tested. Results indeed show better sensitivity (LOQ's 1.0, 1.0 and 5.0μg/l for respectively cotinine, nicotine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine) and good analytical performance for all other analytical parameters on the low levels tested here. Both methods were applied to measure the concentration of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine in the urine of 53 volunteers (smokers and non-smokers) recruited via an internal call at the Scientific Institute of Public Health. For non-smokers and smokers, cotinine levels e.g. were respectively between 1.0-470μg/l and 97-2381μg/l. Both these on-line SPE UPLC-MS/MS methods showed their potential for dedicated future large biomonitoring projects as they made it possible to analyze large series of samples in a fast, sensitive, robust and cost-efficient manner.

%B J Pharm Biomed Anal %V 76 %P 126-33 %8 2013 Mar 25 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23313774?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.12.018 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T PFAS determination in fish by UPLC-MS/MS %A Laure Joly %A Veyrand,B. %A Le Bizec,B. %A Joris Van Loco %A V. Hanot %E Trier,X. %E Lundb‘k Barnkob,L. %E Cousins,I. %E Bossi,R. %E Knudsen,L.E. %E Nielsen,O.J. %E Jensen,A.A. %E Granby,K. %K 2012 %K acid %K Acids %K an %K analysi %K analysis %K application %K applications %K AS %K Belgium %K Clean up %K composition %K Development %K effective %K European %K European Union %K exposure %K Fishes %K food %K Human %K human exposure %K Interference %K International %K IS %K Laboratories %K Mass Spectrometry %K matrix %K method %K methods %K Monitoring %K national %K ON %K PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS %K PFAS %K Quantification %K recommendation %K report %K Sample %K Selection %K standards %K State %K Synthetic %K System %K UPLC %K VALIDATION %K WATER %K waters %X The chemical properties of per and polyfluorinated compounds (PFAS) make these synthetic substances widely used in numerous industrial and commercial applications. Due to the large human exposure, the European Union encourages member states to develop methods for the monitoring of PFAS in food (2010/161/EU). A method for PFAS analysis has been developed to support the Belgium federal food agency in the national reference laboratory (NRL) framework %B 5 th International Workshop on Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances - PFAS %8 28/10/2013 %G eng %N Trier,X., Lundbæk Barnkob,L., Cousins,I., Bossi,R., Knudsen,L.E., Nielsen,O.J., Jensen,A.A., Granby,K. %1 35174 %2 27-29 october 2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T A proteomics approach for the quantification of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins a and b in several matrices using uplc-msms analysis. %A S. Cosijns %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A Koen De Cremer %A Joris Van Loco %K analysi %K analysis %K approach %K approaches %K enterotoxin %K Enterotoxins %K food %K Food Analysis %K ON %K Proteomics %K Quantification %K staphylococcus %K Staphylococcus aureus %K symposium %X In number of foodborne outbreaks S. aureus intoxications stand highly ranked next to those caused by other pathogens like Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica and others. In number of outbreaks and human cases per causative agent in strong evidence food-borne outbreaks in the EU, bacterial toxins share the second place together with foodborne viruses. Among bacterial toxins, staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) was by far the most important etiological agent. The largest proportion of strong evidence outbreaks caused by staphylococcal toxins was attributed to mixed or buffet meals (28.9%), followed by cheese (18.4%). This indicates that milk, milk derived products and ready-to-eat (RTI) foods require attention in detecting and quantifying SEs. We developed and are validating method to specifically quantify SEs in pork meat using stable isotope dilution and UPLC–MSMS analysis. Pork meat was spiked with SEA and/or SEB. Next we extract the SEs from the meat using isoelectric point precipitation and ultrafiltration. Afterwards the sample was overnight digested with trypsin to obtain SE-derived peptides. Only the endogenous peptides that are unique to their respective SE are selected for analysis with LC–MSMS. Additionally all samples are spiked with internal standards (IS). These IS are isotopically labelled equivalents of the unique endogenous tryptic peptides and show the same chemical behavior as the endogenous peptides. Both the endogenous peptide and its respective IS should elute from the column at the same retention time, assuring high specificity of the method. The sample is then injected and analysed using online Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) –UPLC–MS/MS. Analytes of interest are trapped on the SPE-column, while e.g. interfering salts are flushed to the waste. Afterwards, the peptides are back-flushed from the SPE-column onto the analytical column where the separation occurs. The MS/MS is programmed to search for the parent-daughter mass transition for each unique endogenous peptide and IS. These parent-daughter transitions are unique for each peptide and can be used to detect the SEs very specifically. We are currently validating this method according to ISO 2002/657/EC. When comparing the MS spectra peaks found for the IS and the endogenous peptides we were able to identify and quantify the presence of SEA and/or SEB in the spiked meat. We are in the process of method validation where we will determine linearity, matrix effect, repeatability, trueness, recovery, LOD and LOQ of the method. We developed and are validating method to specifically detect SEs in pork meat. This method could be used to quantify SEs in food poisoning once the presence of S. aureus is proven or it could also be used (in parallel with current immunologic methods) to directly confirm and quantify SEs. Currently, only SEA and SEB are identified and quantified, but the method will be %B 6th Internation Symposium on Recent Advances in Food Analysis %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2013 %G eng %N RAFA %1 2243 %2 5-8/11/2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T The setup of a biomonitoring survey of the residents and the rescue workers for acrylonitrile after the train disaster in Wetteren (Belgium) %A Joris Van Loco %A T. De Smedt %A Koen De Cremer %A Sébastien Fierens %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Herman Van Oyen %K Belgium %K conference %K European %K health %K public %K public health %K Public-health %K residents %K survey %K worker %K Workers %B European Public Health Conference %8 15/11/2013 %G eng %N EUPHA %1 2205 %2 14-16/11/2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Simultaneous identification of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins A & B using online SPE-UPLC-MSMS %A S. Cosijns %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Koen De Cremer %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A A. Rajkovic %A Joris Van Loco %K Context %K enterotoxin %K Enterotoxins %K European %K food %K identification %K staphylococcus %K Staphylococcus aureus %K System %X presentation at 2013 EFFoST Annual Meeting - Bio-based Technologies in the Context of European Food Innovation Systems on 13-15 November 2013 | Bologna, Italy %B EFFoST Annual Meeting: Bio-based Technologies in the Context of European Food Innovation Systems %I NA %C NA %8 12/11/2013 %G eng %N EFFoSt %1 2215 %2 12-15/11/2013 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2013 %T Stand van zaken van het epidemiologisch blootstellingsonderzoek naar aanleiding van het treinongeluk in Wetteren %A Joris Van Loco %K treinongeluk %K Wetteren %8 3/7/2013 %G eng %1 2231 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Study of the estrogenicity of migration products from plastic contact materials %A Simon,C. %A Onghena,M. %A Covaci,A. %A Els Van Hoeck %A Joris Van Loco %A M. Elskens %A Heidi Demaegdt %A Birgit Mertens %A Marie-Louise Scippo %K analysi %K analysis %K Baby bottles %K CONTACT %K estrogenicity %K food %K Food Analysis %K Migration %K PRODUCTS %K study %K trend %K trends %X presentation at Symposium 'Trends in Food Analysis VII' 2013 Gent Belgium %B Trends in Food Analysis VII %I NA %C NA %8 19/9/2013 %G eng %N KVCV %1 2177 %2 19/09/2013 %0 Generic %D 2013 %T Urinary nicotine metabolites: usefulness as biomarkers of smoking status %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Gurzau,A.E. %A Reis,M.F. %A Koppen,G. %A Horvat,M. %A Lupsa,I.R. %A Namorado,S. %A Aerts,D. %A Mazej,D. %A Aguiar,P. %A Tratnik,J.S. %A Joris Van Loco %A Koen De Cremer %E K. Jones %K an %K AS %K Biomarkers %K environmental %K health %K International %K metabolites %K Monitoring %K OCCUPATIONAL %K ON %K SMOKING %K status %K symposium %K Urinary %X Aims Nicotine is metabolised to cotinine (COT) and further to trans-3'-hydroxycotinine (HCOT) by the cytochrome P450 CYP2A6 enzyme. It has been demonstrated that the ratio of HCOT to COT is an index of CYP2A6 activity, thus a marker of nicotine metabolism, with higher ratios indicating faster metabolism. Evidence shows that the ratio, in urine, saliva or plasma, could predict responses to smoking cessation medication and guide pharmacotherapy. Since the literature about the association between this ratio and the cigarettes smoked per day (cpd) is not uniform, our aim was to investigate this relationship using urine samples from smoking females living in Romania, Portugal, Belgium and Slovenia. Methods Urine samples from mothers (aged up to 45 years) who participated in the EU project DEMOCOPHES(LIFE09/ENV/BE/00410) were used. The concentrations of COT and HCOT were determined by online-SPE UPLC MS/MS and subsequently normalised to creatinine content. The amount of cpd was available from the questionnaires. Results and conclusions As expected, a strong positive correlation between COT and HCOT levels was found. Regarding the association between HCOT/COT ratio and cpd, no correlation was observed when the data were globally considered. We confirmed that the correlation between cpd and cotinine differed according to the HCOT/COT ratio: higher correlations for slow metabolizers (low ratio) and almost no correlation for fast metabolizers (high ratio). A new analytical strategy is in progress to fully explore the usefulness of this ratio as biomarker of cigarette consumption. %B International Symposium on biological monitoring in occupational and environmental health %C Manchester %8 9/9/2013 %G eng %N Kate Jones,Health and Safety Laboratory,UK %1 2140 %2 9-11 September 2013 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2013 %T Wetteren | Resultaten blootstellingsstudie acrylonitril bij hulpverleners %A Joris Van Loco %K acrylonitril %K blootstelling %K Wetteren %8 18/12/2013 %G eng %1 2234 %0 Report %D 2012 %T Advies van de Hoge Gezondheidsraad nr. 8310: Veiligheid van oliën en vetten: enkele praktische aanbevelingen %A D. Brasseur %A Carpentier,Y. %A Fondu,M. %A A Huyghebaert %A Kolanowski,J. %A Larondelle,Y. %A Maghuin-Rogister,G. %A Birgit Mertens %A J. Nève %A Paquot,M. %A L. Pussemier %A Joris Van Loco %A Vansant,G. %K aanbevelingen %K de %K olie %K vetten %K voedingsaanbevelingen %I Hoge Gezondheidsraad %C Brussel %P 4 %8 4/7/2012 %G eng %1 35217 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2012 %T Aluminium in voeding: geen gevaar voor de gezondheid als je enkele basisregels in acht neemt %A Joris Van Loco %K Aluminium %K basisregels %K de %K gevaar %K gezondheid %K voeding %I WIV-ISP %C Brussel %8 29/9/2012 %G eng %1 2108 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Aluminium speciation by adsorptive stripping voltammetry %A Magnier,A. %A V. Fekete %A F. Bolle %A Joris Van Loco %A M. Elskens %E Janssens,K. %E De Wael,K. %E Van Espen,P. %E L. Van't dack %E Van Vaeck,L. %K Aluminium %K chemistry %K environmental %K International %K ON %K symposium %B ISEAC-37 - International Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N Janssens,K., De Wael,K., Van Espen,P., Van't dack,L., Van Vaeck,L. %1 1913 %2 22/5/2012 - 25/5/2012 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Analysis of PAH by DACC and HPLC-UV/FLD %A Windal,I. %A Boxus,L. %A V. Hanot %A Joris Van Loco %K analysis %K DACC %K HPLC-UV/FLD %K PAH %B Workshop CRL-NRLs PAHs %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N Workshop CRL-NRLs PAHs %1 1962 %2 24-25/03/2009 %0 Report %D 2012 %T Analysis of the photo-initiators benzophenone and 4-methylbenzophenone in breakfast cereals %A Els Van Hoeck %A De Schaetzen,T. %A Pacquet,C. %A F. Bolle %A Boxus,L. %A Joris Van Loco %K analysis %K Cereals %K gas chromatography %K Mass Spectrometry %K photoinitiators %I WIV-ISP %C Elsene %P 4 %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %1 2004 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Application of an on-line SPE-UPLC-MS-MS method to screen for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Koen De Cremer %A Joris Van Loco %K an %K application %K chemistry %K environmental %K Environmental tobacco %K Environmental tobacco smoke %K exposure %K International %K method %K ON %K Smoke %K symposium %K tobacco %X presentation during 37th international Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2012 %B 37th international Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N University of Antwerp,Department Chemistry %1 1903 %2 22-25 May 2012 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Application of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry for the quantification of bacillus cereus toxin cereulide in food %A Joris Van Loco %E FINS Serbia %K application %K Bacillus %K Bacillus cereus %K chromatography %K Congresses %K European %K food %K liquid chromatography %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K ON %K Quantification %B 6th Central European Congress on Food %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N FINS Serbia %1 2058 %2 23/05/2012-26/05/2012 %0 Journal Article %J Chemosphere %D 2012 %T Assssment of human exposure to benzene through foods from the Belgian market %A R. Medeiros Vinci %A Jacxsens,L. %A Joris Van Loco %A E. Matsiko %A Lachat,C. %A De Schaetzen,T. %A Michael Canfyn %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Kolsteren,P. %A De Meulenaer,B. %K 'Epub' %K age %K ALL %K analysis %K AS %K assessment %K Belgian %K benzene %K chronic %K detection %K dietary %K Eggs %K exposure %K exposure assessment %K food %K Foods %K foodstuffs %K Human %K Humans %K intake %K IS %K LEVEL %K Meat %K national %K occurrence %K ON %K organic %K POPULATION %K risk %K Sample %K Samples %K study %K values %X Benzene is a volatile organic compound known to be carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) and may be present in food. In the present study, 455 food samples from the Belgian market were analyzed for benzene contents and some possible sources of its occurrence in the foodstuffs were evaluated. Benzene was found above the level of detection in 58% of analyzed samples with the highest contents found in processed foods such as smoked and canned fish, and foods which contained these as ingredients (up to 76.21 µg kg(-1)). Unprocessed foods such as raw meat, fish, and eggs contained much lower concentrations of benzene. Using the benzene concentrations in food, a quantitative dietary exposure assessment of benzene intake was conducted on a national representative sample of the Belgian population over 15 years of age. The mean benzene intake for all foods was 0.020 µg kg bw d(-1) according to a probabilistic analysis. These values are below the minimum risk level for oral chronic exposure to benzene (0.5 µg kg bw d(-1)). %B Chemosphere %V 88 %P 1001 - 1007 %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N 8 %1 1902 %& 1001 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.03.044 %0 Government Document %D 2012 %T Bacillus cereus and its toxin cereulide %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Joris Van Loco %K Bacillus %K Bacillus cereus %K de %X Door voedsel veroorzaakte ziekten zijn wereldwijd een belangrijke oorzaak van morbiditeit en mortaliteit in verschillende bevolkingsgroepen. De boosdoeners zijn meestal microben zoals bacteriën, virusen en parasieten. Die veroorzaken infecties, intoxicaties of door toxines gemedieerde infecties. %B Medi-Sphere %V 386 %P 15 - 17 %8 26/1/2012 %G eng %1 1960 %& 15 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2012 %T Cereulide toxine vaker dan gedacht in voeding %A Joris Van Loco %K cereulide toxine %K voeding %I Belga Media Support %8 25/1/2012 %G eng %U https://www.ezpress.eu/nieuws/32506/Cereulide-toxine-vaker-dan-gedacht-in-voeding/Gezondheid-Medisch %1 2070 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Clean up strategy for the analysis of PAH in food of animal origin %A Halbardier,J.F. %A V. Hanot %A Joris Van Loco %K analysis %K Animal %K Clean up %K food %K food of animal origin %K International %K ON %K ORIGIN %K PAH %K Strategies %K Strategy %K symposium %X Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are well-known environmental contaminants and 15 of which exert both genotoxic and carcinogenic properties. These compounds can be found in food at residue levels, result of a contaminated environment or the type of food processing applied such as smoking or roasting. In addition, Butler et al. has demonstrated that food is the major exposition route of the general population to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P). To protect human health, many competent Authorities has established maximum residue levels in food. In Europe, a MRL is fixed for B[a]P, considered as a marker for PAH contamination, and in 2012 the legislation will concern 3 more PAH: benzo[a]anthracene B(a)A, benzo[b]fluoranthene (B[b]F) and Chrysene (Chr). Therefore, food samples will have to be analysed to demonstrate compliance with these limits. The analysis of PAH has been mostly focussed on environmental matrices and little is published about food. In 2008, Windal et al. reported a method for the analysis of the 16 European polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in vegetable oils and plant extract using a donor acceptor complex chromatography (DACC). This DACC clean-up is highly specific to PAHs and was then, tested for different type of food matrices. The applicability of this technique to all food matrices was hampered by some co-extracts not separated by the column and interfering with the fluorescence detection of the PAHs. This research deals with the evaluation of different type of clean-up addition to the DACC to enable easy determination of the 16 PAHs. All the tests were performed with fish oil because this matrix, one of the most difficult food matrixes, displayed after DACC clean-up many interferences. First, we compared the GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) on a polymeric phase to the DACC clean-up. In terms of the solvent consumption and clean-up efficiency, DACC demonstrated better performances and was therefore kept in the protocol. Then, different types of SPE were tested as a post DACC clean-up step. Phenyl and C18 cartridges were used as chemical filters: the DACC Acetonitrile eluate was directly loaded. In the opposite, normal phase such as silica and SupeIMIP® required a solvent exchange prior to loading. We will show that chemical filters are not efficient for the removal of interferences. For the normal phase SPE cartridges, the SupeIMIP® gave better results than silica. All SPE options could not eliminate early eluting interferences which hamper the determination of benzo[c]fluorene (B[c]F). However, in the elution range of the 4 PAHs under legislation in the next future, several co-eluting interferences have been efficiently removed. %B 23rd International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N 23rd International Symposium on Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds %1 1969 %2 4-8/9/2011 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2012 %T Des traces de benzène dans près de 60% de notre alimentation %A Joris Van Loco %K alimentation %K benzene %K de %K traces %I Belga Media Support %8 26/9/2012 %G eng %1 2069 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Detection of Staphyloccocus aureus enterotoxin B using online SPE-UPLC-MSMS %A S. Cosijns %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Koen De Cremer %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A A. Rajkovic %A Joris Van Loco %K 2012 %K conference %K detection %K enterotoxin %K food %K Food Microbiology %K microbiology %K ON %K Staphylococcus aureus %K ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry %B Seventeenth conference on food microbiology 2012 %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N Belgian Society for Food Microbiology (BSFM) %1 2051 %2 20/09/2012-21/09/2012 %0 Journal Article %J Food Anal.Meth. %D 2012 %T Determination of Bacillus cereus Emetic Toxin in Food Products by Means of LC-MS² %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A A. Rajkovic %A Dubois,P. %A Nguessan,E. %A J. Mahillon %A Joris Van Loco %K Absolute %K analysis %K AS %K Bacillus %K Bacillus cereus %K Case %K cause %K Decision %K detection %K food %K Ion %K IS %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K matrix %K method %K ON %K PROCESSES %K PRODUCTS %K Quantification %K RED %K specific %K study %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K Technique %K time %K VALIDATION %K Valinomycin %K virulence %X Cereulide is the heat-stable toxin produced by certain strains of Bacillus cereus. It is the main virulence factor of emetic B. cereus strains, which causes the emetic food poisoning syndrome, including rare fatal cases of food intoxications. Due to presumably low intoxication doses, a sensitive, specific, and robust technique is needed for its detection. In 2002, a LC-MS method was developed which allowed absolute quantification of cereulide using valinomycin as standard. This study describes the validation,according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, of the LC-MS² method, a tandem mass spectrometry technique, which guarantees lower detection limit and higherspecificity. The LC-MS² method, calibrated with valinomycin, was validated in rice and tested on various matrices (i.e., red beans, spices, and chili con carne) containing cereulide. The process combines a simple extraction step from the food matrix followed by LC-MS² analysis and detection by ion trap mass spectrometer. The detection limit for cereulide in rice was 0.5 ng eq/g, which is 20 to 2,500 times lower than currently understood intoxicative doses between 10 and 1.280 ng/g previously reported for cereulide. The validated method was specific, sensitive, repeatable, and reproducible with recoveries ranging from 77% to 101%. %B Food Anal.Meth. %V 5 %P 969 - 979 %8 0/10/2012 %G eng %N 5 %1 1915 %& 969 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-011-9340-z %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Determination of the migration of primary aromatic amines from polyamide kitchenware using UPLC-MS/MS %A Els Van Hoeck %A N'Goy,T. %A Evrard,C. %A F. Bolle %A Joris Van Loco %E Viktor Nedovi %K acid %K an %K analysis %K AS %K at %K Calibration %K chromatography %K compliance %K conditions %K Congresses %K consumer %K CONTACT %K contribution %K detection %K EU %K European %K external %K food %K food contact %K food contact material %K Frying %K Guidelines %K health %K IS %K kitchenware %K liquid chromatography %K Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K Melamine %K method %K Migration %K Monitoring %K ON %K organic %K polyamide %K Primary aromatic amines %K Quantification %K regulation %K risk %K Sample %K Samples %K simulant %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K Temperature %K Test %K tests %K UPLC %K use %K WATER %X In recent years, the use of plastic utensils, such as turners, whisks and spoons for cooking and frying has increased because they are cheap, unbreakable, resistant to high temperature and do not scratch other surfaces. Most of these materials are made of polyamide which could incorporate synthetic organic colorants such as azodyes. Since primary aromatic amines (PAAs) are the starting substances of these azodyes, they could be present in the kitchen utensil as an impurity or as a breakdown product. Due to the potential risk of primary aromatic amines to consumer health, the use of these chemicals is extensively regulated. According to Commission Regulation 10/2011, food contact materials may not release PAAs (expressed as the sum of PAAs) in a detectable quantity using an analytical method with a detection limit of 10 µg/kg food or food simulant.In this contribution, a method for the quantitative determination of the migration of 26 PAAs from polyamide kitchenware is presented. The migration has been carried according to the 'Technical guidelines on testing the migration of primary aromatic amines from polyamide kitchenware and of formaldehyde from melamine kitchenware.' The simulant, used for the migration is 3% acetic acid in water and the migration conditions are 2 hours at 100°C. Three successive migration tests are carried out. Afterwards, the simulant of the last migration test is analysed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Quantification is carried out using an external calibration curve. The method is validated in-house and has also been used for the analysis of real samples. It can be concluded that a fast and reliable method has been developed, that is able to confirm and quantify the presence of carcinogenic PAAs in polyamide kitchenware, showing its suitability for routine analysis and monitoring for compliance with EU Regulations of polyamide kitchenware. %B 6th Central European Congress on food (CEFOOD) %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N Prof.Dr.Viktor Nedovi %1 2042 %2 23-26 may 2012 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2012 %T Development and application of a fast method for the determination of nicotine, cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine in urine to detect active and passive exposure to tobacco smoke %A Koen De Cremer %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Joris Van Loco %K application %K Development %K exposure %K method %K report %K Smoke %K tobacco %K urine %X not available %I WIV/ISP %C Brussels %V 2 %P 72 - 74 %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %1 1905 %& 72 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2012 %T Dietary intake of artificial sweeteners by the Belgian population. %A Huvaere, Kevin %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Hasni, Moez %A Vinkx, Christine %A Joris Van Loco %K Belgium %K Chromatography, Liquid %K Diet %K Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization %K Sweetening Agents %X

This study investigated whether the Belgian population older than 15 years is at risk of exceeding ADI levels for acesulfame-K, saccharin, cyclamate, aspartame and sucralose through an assessment of usual dietary intake of artificial sweeteners and specific consumption of table-top sweeteners. A conservative Tier 2 approach, for which an extensive label survey was performed, showed that mean usual intake was significantly lower than the respective ADIs for all sweeteners. Even consumers with high intakes were not exposed to excessive levels, as relative intakes at the 95th percentile (p95) were 31% for acesulfame-K, 13% for aspartame, 30% for cyclamate, 17% for saccharin, and 16% for sucralose of the respective ADIs. Assessment of intake using a Tier 3 approach was preceded by optimisation and validation of an analytical method based on liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. Concentrations of sweeteners in various food matrices and table-top sweeteners were determined and mean positive concentration values were included in the Tier 3 approach, leading to relative intakes at p95 of 17% for acesulfame-K, 5% for aspartame, 25% for cyclamate, 11% for saccharin, and 7% for sucralose of the corresponding ADIs. The contribution of table-top sweeteners to the total usual intake (<1% of ADI) was negligible. A comparison of observed intake for the total population with intake for diabetics (acesulfame-K: 3.55 versus 3.75; aspartame: 6.77 versus 6.53; cyclamate: 1.97 versus 2.06; saccharine: 1.14 versus 0.97; sucralose: 3.08 versus 3.03, expressed as mg kg(-1) bodyweight day(-1) at p95) showed that the latter group was not exposed to higher levels. It was concluded that the Belgian population is not at risk of exceeding the established ADIs for sweeteners.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 29 %P 54-65 %8 2012 %G eng %N 1 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22088137?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/19440049.2011.627572 %0 Journal Article %J Food Control %D 2012 %T Effect of household and industrial processing on levels of five pesticide residues and two degradation products in spinach %A A. Bonnechère %A V. Hanot %A Jolie,R. %A Marijke Hendrickx %A Bragard,C. %A Bedoret,T. %A Joris Van Loco %K AS %K Combination %K conditions %K effect %K effective %K effects %K Ethylenethiourea %K factors %K Home processing %K household %K Hydrolysis %K IS %K LEVEL %K levels %K ON %K pesticide %K Pesticide residues %K Pesticides %K Practice %K PRACTICES %K Processing factor %K PRODUCTS %K Spinach %K study %K Term %K WATER %X Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was sprayed with four fungicides (boscalid, mancozeb, iprodione and propamocarb) and one insecticide (deltamethrin) to quantify the effect of household and industrial processing on the pesticide residues. To ensure sufficiently high levels of residues, the most concentrated formulations were applied pursuant to Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs). The subsequent processing conditions were established in accordance with industrial practice corresponding as closely as possible to the actual conditions that are normally used in practice. The effects of household and industrial processing on the levels of the five pesticide residues and the two degradation products were quantified. Washing with tap water reduced residues by 10 %B Food Control %V 25 %P 397 - 406 %8 0/5/2012 %@ 0956-7135 %G eng %N 1 %1 33760 %& 397 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.11.010 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Effect of household and industrial processing on levels of some pesticide residues in carrots %A A. Bonnechère %A V. Hanot %A Jolie,R. %A Marijke Hendrickx %A Bragard,C. %A Bedoret,T. %A Joris Van Loco %E Pulkrabova,J. %E Tomaniova,M. %E Godulova,V. %E Cejpek,K. %E Hajslova,J. %K carrots %K Home processing %K Pesticide residues %K Processing factor %X Pesticides are widely used in conventional agriculture to obtain a better yield for crops. They can cause toxic effects (headaches, cancer, reproductive harm and endocrine disruption). The main exposure to pesticides for humans is via food (especially by fruit and vegetables). Processing food can affect the level of pesticide residues and in some special case, more toxic by-products can be formed during processing. Different studies have been related to measure concentrations of pesticide residues after home or industrial processing. However, many processing factors (residues level in processed commodity/residue level in raw commodity) remain unknown and are necessary to estimate the level of pesticide exposure at the point of consumption after processing. To reach this objective, the combination carrots/pesticides (boscalid, chlorpyrifos, difenoconazole, dimethoate, linuron and tebuconazole) was chosen in collaboration with the Belgian Federal Agency for Safety of the Food Chain based on the number of non compliant samples, frequency and concentration level observed and on the toxicity of the pesticides. Treated carrots were grown in Belgium by Redebel sa. The amount of the pesticide residues observed in the raw material varied due to the different treatments, application times, weather conditions, the physico-chemical properties of each pesticide. Food processing (washing, peeling, blanching, microwave cooking, pasteurization and sterilization) was carried out on industrial pilot scale. Pesticides and the degradation products formed during processing were analyzed with GC–MS/MS and UHPLC–MS/MS. The washing step allowed decreasing the concentration of residues for all pesticides up to ~90%. The second process, peeling, results in a reduction comparable to washing. The blanching step, combining heat with a large quantity of water, enhanced the elimination of residues. Even residual concentrations were below 5 ppb, it was observed that microwave cooking did not reduce the level of residues while in-pack sterilization decreased most of the pesticide residues still present except difenoconazole. To conclude, most of the processing factors could be explained in terms of water solubility, the log-octanol-water-partitioning coefficients, the systemic properties of the pesticides studied and the agricultural practices. %B CRF %8 0/11/2012 %G eng %N Pulkrabova,J., Tomaniova,M., Godulova,V., Cejpek,K., Hajslova,J. %1 2076 %2 14-16/11/2012 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2012 %T Effect of household and industrial processing on the levels of pesticide residues and degradation products in melons. %A Bonnechère, A %A Hanot, V %A Bragard, C %A Bedoret, T %A Joris Van Loco %K Chromatography, Gas %K Cucurbitaceae %K Food Handling %K Limit of Detection %K Pesticide residues %K Reference Standards %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %X

Two varieties of melons (Cucumis melo) were treated with two fungicides (carbendazim and maneb) and four insecticides (acetamiprid, cyromazin, imazalil and thiamethoxam) to quantify the effect of household processing on the pesticide residues. To ensure sufficiently high levels of residues in flesh and peel, the most concentrated formulations were applied observing good agricultural practice. The peeling step decreased the concentration of pesticide residues for maneb, imazalil and acetamiprid by more than 90%. Cyromazin, carbendazim and thiamethoxam were reduced by approximately 50%. The reduction of the pesticides could not be fully explained by the systemic character of the pesticides. However, the agricultural practices (time of application), solubility and mode of action (systemic versus contact pesticide) of the pesticides could be used to explain the difference in processing factors for the studied pesticides. Degradation products (melamine and ethylenethiourea) were also investigated in this study, but were not detected.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 29 %P 1058-66 %8 2012 %G eng %N 7 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22489844?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/19440049.2012.672339 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Estimation of the daily intake of PCDD/F and dioxin-like PCBs by the Belgian population %A Windal,I. %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Maleki,M. %A Séverine Goscinny %A C Vinkx %A Focant,J.F. %A G. Eppe %A V. Hanot %A Joris Van Loco %K Belgian %K Belgian population %K daily intake %K Dioxin-like PCB %K estimation %K EU %K intake %K PCB %K Pcbs %K PCDD/F %K POPULATION %B EU Meeting DG2 %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N DG2 %1 1963 %2 21/09/2009 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Estimation of total exposure to aluminium of the Belgian adult population %A V. Fekete %A Eric Deconinck %A F. Bolle %A Joris Van Loco %E Hajslova,J. %E Nielsen,M. %K Adult %K Adult-population %K Aluminium %K analysis %K Belgian %K estimation %K exposure %K food %K Food Analysis %K POPULATION %B Recent Advances in Food Analysis %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N Hajslova,J., Nielsen,M. %1 1912 %2 1/11/2011 - 4/11/2011 %0 Journal Article %J Environ Int %D 2012 %T Exposure to domoic acid through shellfish consumption in Belgium. %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Van Klaveren, J %A Herman Van Oyen %A Joris Van Loco %K Animals %K Belgium %K Environmental Monitoring %K Humans %K Kainic Acid %K Seawater %K Shellfish %K Shellfish Poisoning %K Water Pollutants, Chemical %X

A main known culprit causing amnesic shellfish poisoning in humans is domoic acid (DA). The toxin appearance in sea waters (by counting the toxin producing algae) and consequently in shellfish is closely monitored to prevent acute intoxications with gastrointestinal symptoms and neurological signs. However it is assumed that there might be some chronic problems with repetitive exposures to the toxin in animals. In humans this is greatly unknown and it is mostly assessed by relating reported toxin episodes and representative consumption data. Although in Belgium no alarming outbreaks have been reported in recent years, different concentrations of DA have been found in shellfish samples. In this study the human acute and chronic exposure to DA through shellfish consumption was evaluated by linking the data of DA concentrations in samples collected in the scope of the National Food control program in the period 2004-2009 and consumption data obtained from the National Belgian Food Consumption Survey including 3245 adults. The found level of toxin was highest in scallops while lowest in mussels. The mean usual long-term intake of molluscs such as scallops, mussels and oysters for the whole Belgian population was from 0.10 g/day for scallops to 1.21 g/day for mussels. With average portion size estimated to be 56-108 g/day depending on the shellfish source it was calculated that less than 1% of the population would be at risk of acute intoxication. Using a medium bound approach, 5-6% of the population shows chronic exposure exceeding the tolerable daily intake of 0.075 μg/kg bw per day with scallops being the most probable toxin vector when using lower (68.5%) and medium (45.6%) bound concentrations.

%B Environ Int %V 49 %P 115-9 %8 2012 Nov 15 %G eng %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23010255?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.envint.2012.08.007 %0 Journal Article %J J.Agric.Food Chem. %D 2012 %T Factors Influencing Benzene Formation from the Decarboxylation of Benzoate in Liquid Model Systems %A R. Medeiros Vinci %A De Meulenaer,B. %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Michael Canfyn %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Joris Van Loco %K acid %K Antioxidants %K benzene %K benzoate %K chemistry %K Combination %K effect %K factors %K food %K Foods %K Ion %K journal %K Light %K MODEL %K observed %K Practice %K Reduction %K study %K System %K Type %K Yield %X Benzene may occur in foods due to the oxidative decarboxylation of benzoate in the presence of hydroxyl radicals. This study investigated factors influencing benzene formation in liquid model systems. The type of buffer, other sources of hydroxyl radical formation in food (photo oxidation of riboflavin and lipid oxidation), transition metal ion concentrations, and the inhibitory effect of antioxidants were tested in benzoate containing model systems. Regarding the hydroxyl radical sources tested, the highest benzene formation was observed in light exposed model systems containing ascorbic acid, Cu2+, and riboflavin in Na-citrate buffer (1250 -¦ 131 ?g kg?1). In practice, it seems that the combination ascorbic acid/transition metal ion remains the biggest contributor to benzene formation in food. However, the concentration of Cu2+ influences significantly benzene formation in such a system with highest benzene yields observed for Cu2+ 50 ?M (1400 ?g kg?1). The presence of antioxidants with metal chelation or reduction properties could prevent completely benzene formationBenzene may occur in foods due to the oxidative decarboxylation of benzoate in the presence of hydroxyl radicals. This study investigated factors influencing benzene formation in liquid model systems. The type of buffer, other sources of hydroxyl radical formation in food (photo oxidation of riboflavin and lipid oxidation), transition metal ion concentrations, and the inhibitory effect of antioxidants were tested in benzoate containing model systems. Regarding the hydroxyl radical sources tested, the highest benzene formation was observed in light exposed model systems containing ascorbic acid, Cu2+, and riboflavin in Na-citrate buffer (1250 -¦ 131 ?g kg?1). In practice, it seems that the combination ascorbic acid/transition metal ion remains the biggest contributor to benzene formation in food. However, the concentration of Cu2+ influences significantly benzene formation in such a system with highest benzene yields observed for Cu2+ 50 ?M (1400 ?g kg?1). The presence of antioxidants with metal chelation or reduction properties could prevent completely benzene formation %B J.Agric.Food Chem. %V 59 %P 12975 - 12981 %8 14/8/2012 %@ 0021-8561 %G eng %N 24 %1 33783 %& 12975 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf203233s %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2012 %T Follow-up of the Bacillus cereus emetic toxin production in penne pasta under household conditions using using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A A. Rajkovic %A N Botteldoorn %A J. Mahillon %A Joris Van Loco %E Johan Peeters %K Bacillus %K Bacillus cereus %K chromatography %K conditions %K Follow up %K FOLLOW-UP %K household %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K production %K report %I WIV-ISP %C Brussels, Belgium %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %1 1919 %0 Government Document %D 2012 %T Gevoelige test voor braaktoxine van Bacillus cereus %A Joris Van Loco %K Bacillus %K Bacillus cereus %K Test %X Nihil %B Nieuwsbrief Voedselveiligheid %V Jaargang 17 %P 5 - 6 %8 0/4/2012 %G eng %N 4 %1 2056 %& 5 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Identification and quantification of Staphyloccocus aureus using online SPE-UPLC-MSMS %A S. Cosijns %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Koen De Cremer %A Joris Van Loco %A A. Rajkovic %E Heperkan,D %E Karbancioglu-Guler,F. %E Daskaya-Dikmen,C. %K 2012 %K detection %K enterotoxin %K identification %K International %K Quantification %K Staphylococcus aureus %K symposium %K ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry %X presentation at FoodMicro 2012, the 23rd International ICFMH Symposium 2012 Istanbul, Turkey %B 23rd International ICFMH symposium FoodMicro 2012 %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N Heperkan,D, Karbancioglu-Guler,F., Daskaya-Dikmen,C. %1 2050 %2 03/09/2012-07/09/2012 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Identification of potential migrants from printing inks used on paper and board food contact materials %A Els Van Hoeck %A Evrard,C. %A N'Goy,T. %A Joris Van Loco %A F. Bolle %K an %K approach %K approaches %K article %K AS %K at %K challenge %K Change %K chromatography %K composition %K conditions %K CONTACT %K contribution %K Development %K EU %K European %K food %K food contact %K food contact material %K Food Packaging %K foodstuffs %K gas chromatography %K Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry %K health %K high resolution mass spectrometry %K Human %K human health %K identification %K identification of unkowns %K identify %K Impact %K INFORMATION %K Instrument %K Instruments %K International %K IS %K liquid chromatography %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K method %K methods %K Migration %K Mode %K ON %K Paper %K pattern %K PATTERNS %K photoinitiators %K Practice %K PRACTICES %K printing ink %K public %K public health %K Public-health %K regulation %K Requirements %K result %K results %K SAFETY %K Sample %K Samples %K SCREENING %K Screening method %K Solvents %K State %K symposium %K Target %K time %K use %K work %X

Printing inks, used on paper and board food packaging, are often fairly complex formulations of colorants, resins, solvents, additives and photoinitiators. Although European legislation does not specifically cover printing inks in their supplied form, there are some legislative instruments which have an impact on materials and articles intended for direct contact with food, such as Article 3 of EU Regulation 1935/2004, that states that materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs shall not, in accordance with good shall be manufactured in accordance with good manufacturing practices, so that under normal and foreseeable conditions of use, they do not transfer their constituents to foodstuffs in quantities which could endanger human health, or bring about an unacceptable change in the composition of the foodstuffs, or bring about a deterioration in the organoleptic characteristics thereof. Inks, once printed on the non-food-contact side of the packaging has to comply with the requirements of Article 3. Identification of potential migrants from printing ink used on paper and board food packaging material is a significant analytical challenge since the real formulations of printing inks are not known. Furthermore, more than 2000 substances can be used in packaging inks, according to the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health Ordinance (Annex 6 of RS 817.023.21). Consequently, large screening methods are needed to identify the substances used in these complex mixtures of printing inks. In this contribution, a method for the identification of potential migrants from printing inks used on paper and board food contact material is presented. The migration experiments were carried out using 1 dm² of a paper or board food packaging, which is cut in little pieces, then 40 mL acetonitrile was added and the migration was performed at 70°C for 24h. Afterwards, the extracts were analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MSn) in full scan and liquid chromatography coupled with Time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ToF-MS) with both positive and negative electrospray ionization. Two approaches for the identification of unknown substances can be used. One approach is to focus on pre-selected target analytes, with known fragmentation patterns and retention times. In the presented work, a screening method for more then 120 analytes was developed using GC-MS and UPLC-ToF-MS. The substances in this targeted screening method are different additives, resins, solvents and photo-initiators, mentioned in the Swiss Ordinance. The other approach is untargeted screening in full scan mode using high resolution mass spectrometry. Afterwards, the unknown compounds are identified using existing GC-MS libraries, information of the elemental composition and collision induced dissociation (UPLC-ToF-MS). The developed method has already been used for different paper and board samples. The results are shown in this contribution.

%B 5th International symposium on food packaging: Scientific Developments supporting safety and innovation %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N ILSI Europe %1 2043 %2 14-16 november 2012 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T On the importance of correcting urinary cadmium results obtained by ICP-MS for MoO interferences %A Koen De Cremer %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Joris Van Loco %K Cadmium %K chemistry %K environmental %K International %K ON %K result %K results %K symposium %K Urinary %X presentation at ISEAC-37: The 37th edition of the International Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry 2012 %B 37 th International Symposium on Environmental Analytical Chemistry %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %U http://www.speciation.net/Events/ISEAC37-The-37th-edition-of-the-International-Symposium-on-Environmental-Analytical-Chemistry-;~/2012/01/17/5990.html %N University of Antwerp,Department Chemistry %1 1904 %2 22-25 May 2012 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2012 %T La toxine cereulide dans l'alimentation: présence plus fréquente que ce qui est supposé %A Joris Van Loco %K alimentation %K toxine cereulide %I Belga Media Support %8 25/1/2012 %G eng %1 2071 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2012 %T L'aluminium dans l'alimentation: pas de danger pour la santé si les règles de base sont respectées %A Joris Van Loco %K Aluminium %K danger %K de %K denrées alimentaires %K LE %K Pa %K règles de base %K santé %I WIV-ISP %C Brussel %8 29/9/2012 %G eng %1 2109 %0 Journal Article %J Journ.Food Sci.Eng. %D 2012 %T Lead migration from ceramicware in contact with foodstuff: effect of glaze, temperature, pH and food simulant %A F. Bolle %A V. Fekete %A Demont,M. %A Boutakhrit,K. %A Petit,D. %A Brian,W. %A Feraille,G. %A Joris Van Loco %K acid %K an %K at %K Beverages %K Case %K consumer %K CONTACT %K effect %K food %K IS %K Kinetics %K Lead %K Less %K ph %K Role %K Temperature %K time %K VARIABILITY %X Lead (Pb) release from non-conforming flatwares and artisanal hollowwares was measured by ICP-AES. Influence ofacidic beverages (tomato juice, vinegar and lemon juice), food simulants (acetic acid, citric acid, and malic acid) at pH (2.37-5.00),contact time (t) (30 min-2 days), temperature (T) (20 °C-90 °C), and glaze were investigated. Pb release was lowest in tomato juiceand highest in lemon juice (t = 24 h; T = 22 °C). In acetic acid 4% (v/v) Pb release was 14% less than in lemon juice. Variabilitybetween the flatwares used for experiments in lemon juice and acetic acid 4% (v/v) corresponds to 3.48% and 7.03% respectively.According to the set of experiments where three food simulants were compared, it appeared that acetic acid, citric acid, and malicacid have the same leaching capacity above pH 3, but at pH < 3, citric acid appears to be the strongest extractant. Moreover, theinfluence of the applied ceramic glaze played an important role in lead release, in certain cases doubling the extracted amount of Pb.It has also been demonstrated that migration kinetics in citric acid is stronger. At 90 °C, after 2 h, the amount of extracted lead is18% more important than at 20 °C after 24 h in acetic acid 4% (v/v) which may question the capacity of consumer protection of ED84/500/EEC. %B Journ.Food Sci.Eng. %V 2 %P 301 - 313 %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N 6 %1 1909 %& 301 %R 10.17265/2159-5828/2012.06.001 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2012 %T Method development for the analysis of cereulide, the emetic toxin produced by Bacillus cereus, in food %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Nguessan,E. %A N Botteldoorn %A J. Mahillon %A Joris Van Loco %E Johan Peeters %K analysis %K Bacillus %K Bacillus cereus %K Development %K food %K method %K report %I WIV-ISP %C Brussels, Belgium %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %1 1918 %0 Journal Article %J Food Chem Toxicol %D 2012 %T Migration of 18 trace elements from ceramic food contact material: influence of pigment, pH, nature of acid and temperature. %A Demont, M %A Boutakhrit, K %A Fekete, V %A Bolle, F %A Joris Van Loco %K Acids %K Ceramics %K food %K Hydrogen-Ion Concentration %K Spectrum Analysis %K Temperature %K Trace Elements %X

The effect of pH, nature of acid and temperature on trace element migration from ceramic ware treated with 18 commercially available glazes was studied. Besides of the well-studied lead and cadmium, migration of other toxic and non toxic elements such as aluminum, boron, barium, cobalt, chrome, copper, iron, lithium, magnesium, manganese, nickel, antimony, tin, strontium, titanium, vanadium, zinc and zirconium was investigated in order to evaluate their potential health hazards. Trace element concentrations were determined with Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). This study suggests that there is indeed a health risk concerning the possible migration of other elements than lead and cadmium. At low pH (2 %B Food Chem Toxicol %V 50 %P 734-43 %8 2012 Mar %G eng %N 3-4 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22265939?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.fct.2011.12.043 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2012 %T Modelling aluminium leaching into food from different foodware materials with multi-level factorial design of experiments. %A Fekete, Veronika %A Eric Deconinck %A Bolle, Fabien %A Joris Van Loco %K Aluminum %K Aluminum Compounds %K Beverages %K Ceramics %K Cooking and Eating Utensils %K Diffusion %K Food Contamination %K Food Packaging %K Hot Temperature %K Humans %K Hydrogen-Ion Concentration %K Limit of Detection %K Models, Chemical %K Osmolar Concentration %K Reproducibility of Results %K Sodium Chloride %K Solubility %K Spectrophotometry, Atomic %K Statistics as Topic %K Time Factors %X

To estimate the contribution of aluminium (Al) leaching from different materials used for food preparation and serving to the dietary Al intake, Al release from foodware typically used in everyday life was investigated using multilevel factorial design (MFD) of experiments. For Al characterisation, sample preparation and an analytical method using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy was developed and validated. Parameter influence (temperature: x₁, contact time: x₂, pH: x₃, salt concentration: x₄, viscosity: x₅), was evaluated with analysis of variance suggesting that the influence of viscosity is not significant compared to the other four studied parameters. Therefore, predictive, exponential quadratic regression models were established with x₁-x₄. Cross-validation and a set of independent experiments in real food products were used to test the prediction force of the different models. They both suggest that the quality of the models established for Al foil, Al plate and ceramic ware is satisfactory, but less good for glassware and stainless steel. Indeed, in the studied conditions, leaching from these latter food wares was often close to or even below the limit of quantification suggesting that the principal sources of Al intake from food contact materials during food processing are utensils made of Al and ceramic ware.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 29 %P 1322-33 %8 2012 Aug %G eng %N 8 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22656325?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/19440049.2012.688068 %0 Journal Article %J Foodborne Pathog Dis %D 2012 %T Prevalence and levels of Bacillus cereus emetic toxin in rice dishes randomly collected from restaurants and comparison with the levels measured in a recent foodborne outbreak. %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Katelijne Dierick %A Sarah Denayer %A Mahillon, Jacques %A Joris Van Loco %K ADOLESCENT %K Adult %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Bacillus cereus %K Belgium %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Depsipeptides %K Disease Outbreaks %K Enterotoxins %K Family Health %K Food Contamination %K Foodborne Diseases %K Humans %K Limit of Detection %K middle aged %K Oryza %K Restaurants %K Seeds %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K Temperature %K Urban Health %K Young adult %X

Whereas the prevalence of Bacillus cereus emetic strains in the environment has been shown to be very low, there is a lack of information on the prevalence of its toxin, cereulide, in food. Yet, the rice leftovers of a family outbreak which occurred after the consumption of dishes taken away from an Asian restaurant revealed significant amounts of cereulide, reaching up to 13,200 ng/g of food. The occurrence of cereulide in rice dishes collected from various restaurants was therefore evaluated using the liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry method, which allows for the direct quantification of the toxin in food. The cereulide prevalence was found to be 7.4% when samples were analyzed at the day of sampling, but reached 12.9% when exposed to temperature abuse conditions (25°C). The cereulide concentrations observed in cooked rice dishes were low (approximately 4 ng/g of food). However, since little is known yet about the potential chronic toxicity of cereulide, one needs to be very careful and vigilant.

%B Foodborne Pathog Dis %V 9 %P 809-14 %8 2012 Sep %G eng %N 9 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22891880?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1089/fpd.2012.1168 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Food Research %D 2012 %T Processing factors of several pesticides and degradation products in carrots by household and industrial processing %A A. Bonnechère %A V. Hanot %A Jolie,R. %A Marijke Hendrickx %A Bragard,C. %A Bedoret,T. %A Joris Van Loco %K ALL %K AS %K conditions %K effect %K effective %K effects %K factors %K herbicide %K household %K LEVEL %K levels %K observed %K ON %K pesticide %K Pesticide residues %K Pesticides %K Practice %K PRACTICES %K PROCESSES %K Processing factor %K PRODUCTS %K Reduction %K result %K results %K study %K WATER %X To quantify the effect of household and industrial processing on the pesticide residues, carrots (Daucus carota) were sprayed during cultivation with three fungicides (boscalid, difenoconazole and tebuconazole), two insecticides (chlorpyrifos and dimethoate) and one herbicide (linuron). The most concentrated formulations were applied pursuant to Good Agricultural Practices, to ensure sufficiently high levels of residues, The subsequent processing conditions were established to correspond as close as possible to the actual conditions that are normally used in industrial practice. The effects of household and industrial processing on the levels of the six pesticide residues and eight associated degradation products were quantified. The washing step allowed decreasing the concentration of residues for all pesticides up to ~ 90%. It was the most effective step to remove pesticide residues from carrots. The second process, peeling, results in a reduction comparable to washing. The blanching step, combining heat with a large quantity of water, enhanced the elimination of residues (maximum 50%). After cutting and washing, the residual concentrations were below 5 ppb. However it was observed that the level of pesticide residues was not reduced by microwave cooking. The pesticide residues remaining after previous processing, except difenoconazole, were decreased by sterilization. The cumulative processes allowed the elimination of minimum 90% of pesticide residues. Degradation products, investigated in this study, were not detected. %B Journal of Food Research %V 1 %P 68 - 83 %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N 3 %1 1901 %& 68 %R 10.5539/jfr.v1n3p68 %0 Report %D 2012 %T Publicatie van de Hoge Gezondheidsraad nr. 8666: Transvetzuren van industriële oorsprong %A D. Brasseur %A Carpentier,Y. %A G. De Backer %A S. De Henauw %A Fondu,M. %A A Huyghebaert %A Kolanowski,J. %A Larondelle,Y. %A Maghuin-Rogister,G. %A Birgit Mertens %A J. Nève %A Paquot,M. %A Paquot,N. %A Joris Van Loco %A Vansant,G. %K aanbevelingen %K de %K risico analyse %K transvetzuren %K transvetzuren van industriële oorsprong %K vetten %K vetzuren %K voeding %K voedingsaanbevelingen %K wetgeving voeding %I Hoge Gezondheidsraad %C Brussel %P 14 %8 4/7/2012 %G eng %1 35218 %0 Journal Article %J Food Chem.Toxicol. %D 2012 %T A review of dietary and non-dietary exposure to bisphenol-A %A Geens,T. %A Aerts,D. %A Berthot,C. %A Bourguignon,J.P. %A Goeyens,L. %A Lecomte,P. %A Maghuin-Rogister,G. %A Pironnet,A.M. %A L. Pussemier %A Marie-Louise Scippo %A Joris Van Loco %A Covaci,A. %K alternatives %K application %K applications %K AS %K assessment %K at %K Bisphenol-A %K contribution %K daily intake %K data %K dietary %K Dust %K exposure %K exposure assessment %K food %K food sources %K general %K Human %K human exposure %K intake %K IS %K medical %K Multiple %K non-food sources %K ON %K Order %K Paper %K recommendation %K Recommendations %K REVIEW %K study %K Urinary %K use %X Due to the large number of applications of bisphenol-A (BPA), the human exposure routes are multiple. We aimed to review shortly the food and non-food sources of BPA, and to evaluate their contribution to the human exposure. Food sources discussed here include epoxy resins, polycarbonate and other applications, such as paperboard and polyvinylchloride materials. Among the non-food sources, exposures through dust, thermal paper, dental materials, and medical devices were summarized. Based on the available data for these exposure sources, it was concluded that the exposure to BPA from non-food sources is generally lower than that from exposure from food by at least one order of magnitude for most studied subgroups. The use of urinary concentrations from biomonitoring studies was evaluated and the back-calculation of BPA intake seems reliable for the overall exposure assessment. In general, the total exposure to BPA is several orders of magnitude lower than the current tolerable daily intake of 50µg/kgbw/day. Finally, the paper concludes with some critical remarks and recommendations on future human exposure studies to BPA. %B Food Chem.Toxicol. %V 50 %P 3725 - 3740 %8 4/8/2012 %G eng %N 10 %1 2040 %& 3725 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.059 %0 Journal Article %D 2012 %T A simple and fast HPLC method to determine lycopene in foods %A T. Cucu %A K. Huvaere %A Van Den Bergh,M.A. %A C Vinkx %A Joris Van Loco %K Antioxidants %K AS %K Cheese %K Diet %K EVALUATION %K food %K Foods %K Fruit %K Fruits %K health %K HPLC %K HPLC-UV %K Human %K human health %K INFORMATION %K intake %K IS %K Isomers %K Lycopene %K method %K NUTRITION %K ON %K Oxygen %K Paper %K PRODUCTS %K Quantification %K RANGE %K Research %K Role %K Tomato %K VALIDATION %K Vegetable %K Vegetables %X Carotenoids, among which lycopene-the principal pigment found in tomatoes-are lipophilic compounds which play a very important role in human health and nutrition. They are also recognised as strong antioxidants due to their ability to trap singlet oxygen and eliminate the peroxyl radical. The availability of reliable information on lycopene content of foods is essential both for the evaluation of diet and for epidemiological research relating the intake of lycopene. This paper describes a simple and fast HPLC/UV method for lycopene determination in a wide range of food products. All-E-lycopene together with its Z isomers were eluted isocratically using a carotenoid C30 reversed-phase column. The in-house validated HPLC method had a limit of quantification of 60 ng lycopene/g product and high precision and accuracy. The analytical method was successfully applied to several food products such as raw vegetables and fruits and also processed foods. Tomato and tomato-containing products contained the highest amounts of lycopene. While raw foods and minimally processed foods contained above 94% of all-E-lycopene, processed foods (such as soups, pasta sauces, pizza and cheese) contained from 76% to 87% of all-E-lycopene. %V 5 %P 1221 - 1228 %8 27/1/2012 %G eng %1 2055 %& 1221 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-011-9354-6 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2012 %T Sporen van benzeen in bijna 60% van onze voeding %A Joris Van Loco %K benzeen %K sporen %K voeding %I Belga Media Support %8 26/9/2012 %G eng %1 2068 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Sweet Belgium: eten Belgen te veel zoetstoffen? %A Joris Van Loco %K Belgium %K zoetstoffen %X presentatie tijdens congres Intensieve zoetstoffen: wetenschap of pseudowetenschap? 2012 %B Intensieve zoetstoffen: wetenschap of pseudowetenschap %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N Food in action %1 2057 %2 18/10/2012 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T A targeted proteomics method to detect urinary biomarkers of kidney disease %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A Koen De Cremer %A Vanmassenhove,J. %A Glorieux,G. %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A F. Bolle %A Joris Van Loco %A Van Biesen,W. %A Vanholder,R. %K Acute Kidney Injury %K Affect %K age %K alternative %K an %K AS %K association %K Belgian %K Biomarkers %K blood %K Carbon %K care %K Categories %K chronic %K Clinical %K conference %K Creatinine %K detection %K Diagnosis %K disease %K Diseases %K effect %K effects %K Evolution %K factors %K general %K general population %K General-population %K intervention %K IS %K Isotopes %K Kidney %K Kidney Diseases %K Literature %K Mass %K matrix %K measurement %K method %K morbidity %K mortality %K Muscle %K Nitrogen %K ON %K Order %K outcome %K Patient %K patients %K Peptides %K POPULATION %K protein %K Proteins %K Proteomics %K r %K RENAL %K Reproducibility %K result %K results %K risk %K Sample %K Samples %K Search %K SENSITIVITY %K Sensitivity and Specificity %K serum %K standards %K time %K Urinary %K urine %X

Acute and chronic kidney diseases are associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical problem frequently encountered among intensive care unit patients while chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects up to 13% of the general population with high risk of progression to end-stage renal disease. Traditional markers currently used for diagnosis such as serum creatinine, display poor sensitivity and specificity, because they are influenced by several non-renal factors such as age, race and muscle mass. An accurate detection of kidney damage is crucial to enable more appropriate therapeutic intervention to potentially improve the outcome. In the last decade there has been an extensive search for new blood and urinary biomarkers. With the evolution of new technologies, such as proteomics, several candidate protein biomarkers emerged suggesting earlier and more accurate detection of kidney disease than is currently possible with traditional markers.Several of these markers were selected from the literature and a targeted proteomics method able to detect a panel of urinary biomarkers of kidney disease was developed. An online SPE-UPLC-MS/MS (using a triple quadrupole XEVO-TQ-S) was applied. For each protein, between 1 and 4 unique peptide(s) were chosen ending either by a lysine (K) or an arginine (R) in order to be obtained by cleavage using trypsin. MRM transitions of 59 peptides corresponding to 33 biomarkers are followed, with a minimum of 2 mass transitions per peptide and using a 12 minutes chromatographic run time. The 59 corresponding labelled AQUA peptides, containing heavy isotopes of carbon (

%B BePAC (1st Conference of the Belgian Proteomics Association) %S From analytical to functional proteomics %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N BePA %1 2106 %2 29-30/11/2012 %0 Thesis %D 2012 %T The use of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry as a necessary tool for the asasessment of cereulide in food %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Joris Van Loco %E J. Mahillon %K AS %K chromatography %K food %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K use %7 186 %I Faculté d'ingénierie bioligique, agronomique et environnementale, Université catholique de Louvain %C Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium %P 186 %8 30/7/2012 %G eng %1 1917 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Usefulness of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis in food microbiology: development of a LC-MS² method for cereulide %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Katelijne Dierick %A A. Rajkovic %A Hoosten,H. %A J. Mahillon %A Joris Van Loco %K analysis %K chromatography %K conference %K Development %K food %K Food Microbiology %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K method %K microbiology %B Sfam Summer conference 2011 %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N Society for Applied Microbiology (SFAM) %1 1923 %2 4-7 July, 2011 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Validation of a multi-residue analysis method for macrolides in muscle and kidney %A Laza,D. %A Derop,V. %A Tim Reyns %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Joris Van Loco %K analysis %K Kidney %K Macrolides %K method %K Muscle %K VALIDATION %B EU-RL Workshop 2011 %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N EU-RL ANSES Fougères %1 2031 %2 9-10/06/2011 %0 Generic %D 2012 %T Validation of a multi-residue LC-MS/MS method for the determnation of b- blockers and tranquilisers in swine kidney %A Laza,D. %A Derop,V. %A Tim Reyns %A Halbardier,J.F. %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Joris Van Loco %K b- blockers %K Commission Decision 2002/657/EC %K Kidney %K LC-MS/MS %K method %K Swine %K tranquilizers %K VALIDATION %B EuroResidue VII %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2012 %G eng %N EuroResidue %1 2029 %2 14-16 May 2012 %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Application of liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry in food microbiology: determination of cereulide, the emetic toxin produced by Bacillus cereus in food %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Nguessan,E. %A Katelijne Dierick %A J. Mahillon %A Joris Van Loco %K application %K Bacillus %K Bacillus cereus %K chromatography %K feed %K food %K Food Microbiology %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K microbiology %X presentation at Symposium 'Mass spectrometry in Food and Feed', 9 juni 2011, Merelbeke %B MS in Food & Feed 2011 %S Delbrassinne, L., Andjelkovic, M., N'Guessan, E., Dierick, K., Mahillon, J., and Van Loco, J. %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2011 %G eng %U https://www.flandersfood.com/event/symposium-mass-spectrometry-food-and-feed-9-juni-2011-merelbeke %N KVCV %1 1924 %2 09 June 2011 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2011 %T Artificiële zoetstoffen in voeding: geen risico voor de Belgische consument %A Joris Van Loco %K Artificiële zoetstoffen %K Belgische %K de %K risico %K voeding %K zoetstoffen %I Belga Media Support %8 3/2/2011 %G eng %1 2073 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2011 %T Comparison of four analytical techniques based on atomic spectrometry for the determination of total tin in canned foodstuffs. %A Boutakhrit, K %A Crisci, M %A Bolle, F %A Joris Van Loco %K Adult %K Beverages %K Calibration %K Food Contamination %K Food, Preserved %K Humans %K Infant %K Infant Food %K Laboratory Proficiency Testing %K Limit of Detection %K Reproducibility of Results %K Spectrophotometry, Atomic %K Tin %X

Different techniques for the determination of total tin in beverages and canned foods by atomic spectrometry were compared. The performance characteristics of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), hydride generation-inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-AES), electrothermal atomisation-atomic absorption spectrometry (ETA-AAS) and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were determined in terms of linearity, precision, recovery, limit of detection, decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) (Decision 2002/657/EC). Calibration ranges were covered from ng l⁻¹ to mg l⁻¹ level. Limits of detection that ranged from 0.01, 0.05, 2.0 to 200 µg l⁻¹ were reached for ICP-MS; HG-ICP-AES; ETA-AAS and ICP-AES, respectively. Precision, calculated according to ISO 5725-2 for repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility and expressed as relative standard deviation (RSD), ranged from 1.6% to 4.9%; and recovery, based on Decision 2002/657/EC, was found to be between 95% and 110%. Procedures for the mineralisation or extraction of total tin were compared. Wet digestion, sequentially, with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide provided the best results. The influence of possible interferences present in canned food and beverage was studied, but no interference in the determination of tin was observed. Since maximum levels for tin established by European Union legislation vary from 50 mg kg⁻¹ in canned baby foods and infant foods up to 200 mg kg⁻¹ in canned food, ICP-AES was chosen as the preferred technique for routine analysis thanks to its good precision, reliability and ease of use. The accuracy of this routine method was confirmed by participation in six proficiency test schemes with z-scores ranging from -1.9 to 0.6. Several canned foodstuffs and beverage samples from a local market were analysed with this technique.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 28 %P 173-9 %8 2011 Feb %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21246429?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/19440049.2010.544679 %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Determination of Bacillus cereus emetic toxin in food products by LC-MS² and evaluation of the growth parameters influence on cereulide production %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Nguessan,E. %A A. Rajkovic %A Katelijne Dierick %A J. Mahillon %A Joris Van Loco %E Université catholique de Louvain %K Bacillus %K Bacillus cereus %K Congresses %K e %K EVALUATION %K food %K growth %K M %K ON %K parameters %K production %K PRODUCTS %B B-ACT Congress 2011 %8 0/0/2011 %G eng %N Université catholique de Louvain %1 1922 %2 7-11 August, 2011 %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Determination of ethylene and propylene thiourea (dithiocarbamates metabolites) in fruit and vegetables by UPLC-MS/MS %A A. Bonnechère %A V. Hanot %A Joris Van Loco %K Dithiocarbamate %K European %K feed %K food %K Fruit %K International %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K metabolites %K symposium %K Vegetable %K Vegetables %B International Symposium Mass Spectrometry in Food and Feed %I NA %C NA %8 0/6/2011 %G eng %N KVCV %1 1883 %2 09/06/2011 %0 Journal Article %J Chemosphere %D 2011 %T Dietary intake of hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers (α-, β-, and γ-HBCD) in the Belgian adult population. %A Séverine Goscinny %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Maleki, Mehdi %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Windal, Isabelle %A Hanot, Vincent %A Marie-Noelle Blaude %A Christiane Vleminckx %A Joris Van Loco %K Adult %K Diet %K environmental exposure %K Environmental Pollutants %K Female %K Flame Retardants %K Food Analysis %K Humans %K Hydrocarbons, Brominated %K Male %K Stereoisomerism %X

A study was performed to assess exposure of the Belgian population to HBCD diastereoisomers. Measurements of HBCD were performed by UPLC-MS/MS, on 45 composite samples from 5 major food groups: dairy (products), meat (products), eggs, fish (products) and a group of "other" products. The medium bound estimated average daily intake (EDI) of ΣHBCD in the Belgian population was 0.99 ng kg(-1)bw d(-1). The diastereoisomer contribution to the mean EDI showed a predominance of γ-HBCD at 67%, followed by α-HBCD at 25% and 8% for β-HBCD. These results are consistent with the pattern found in the two food groups contributing the most to the EDI: meat (products) and the group of "other" products. Anyway, it has to be noted that diastereomeric distribution of HBCD can change due to bioisomerisation in biological material. Levels of HBCD diastereoisomers found in Belgian food samples of animal origin were low in comparison with those found in other EU countries and the resulting EDI was substantially below the proposed thresholds.

%B Chemosphere %V 84 %P 279-88 %8 2011 Jun %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21596419?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.048 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2011 %T Edulcorants artificiels: pas de risques pour le consommateur belge %A Joris Van Loco %K Belge %K de %K Edulcorants artificiels %K LE %K Pa %K risques %I Belga Media Support %8 3/2/2011 %G eng %1 2072 %0 Journal Article %J Food Microbiol %D 2011 %T Follow-up of the Bacillus cereus emetic toxin production in penne pasta under household conditions using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Rajkovic, Andreja %A N Botteldoorn %A Mahillon, Jacques %A Joris Van Loco %K Bacillus cereus %K Bacterial Toxins %K Chromatography, Liquid %K Depsipeptides %K Food Contamination %K Food Handling %K Food Microbiology %K Mass Spectrometry %X

Two outbreak-related Bacillus cereus emetic strains were investigated for their growth and cereulide production potential in penne pasta at 4, 8 and 25 °C during 7-day storage. Cereulide production was detected and quantified by LC-MS method (LOD of 1 ng/ml, LOQ of 5 ng/ml) and growth was determined by culture-based enumeration. Inoculated B. cereus strains (10(5) CFU/g) were able to reach counts of more than 10(8) CFU/g and cereulide production of about 500 ng/g already after 3 days of storage at 25 °C. Interestingly, a constant increase of the toxin was noticed during incubation at ambient temperature storage: the cereulide was continuously produced during the bacterial stationary growth phase reaching maximal amounts at the end of the experiment (7 days, concentration of about 1000 ng/g). Strictly respected cold chain temperature as 4 °C did not allow any detectable cereulide production for any of the two tested strains. At the limited temperature abuse of 8 °C, a detectable amount of cereulide was observed after two days for one of the strain (TIAC303) ( %B Food Microbiol %V 28 %P 1105-9 %8 2011 Aug %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21569959?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.fm.2011.02.014 %0 Government Document %D 2011 %T Fruits de mer et toxines marines %A Joris Van Loco %K de %K Fruit %K Fruits %K Fruits de mer %K marine %K toxines %X Nihil %B Medi-Sphere %V 373 %P 10 - 11 %8 19/5/2011 %G eng %1 2062 %& 10 %0 Government Document %D 2011 %T Le Belge ne court pas de risques %A Joris Van Loco %K Belge %K de %K LE %K Pa %K risques %X Nihil %B Journal du médecin %V 2138 %P 10 - 10 %8 1/10/2011 %G eng %1 2063 %& 10 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2011 %T Les doses d'ignifugeant igérée par les Belges sont peu élevées %A Joris Van Loco %K Belge %K doses %K ignifugeant %K LE %K PAR %I Belga Media Support %8 18/7/2011 %G eng %1 2107 %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Multi-residue analysis of macrolides in bovine and porcine muscle by LC-MS/MS %A Laza,D. %A Derop,V. %A Kayirebe,H. %A Tim Reyns %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A Tsilikas,K. %A Joris Van Loco %K analysis %K feed %K food %K LC-MS/MS %K Macrolides %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K Muscle %K ON %K symposium %X presentation at Symposium 'Mass spectrometry in Food and Feed', 9 juni 2011, Merelbeke %B Symposium on mass spectrometry in food and feed %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2011 %G eng %U https://www.flandersfood.com/event/symposium-mass-spectrometry-food-and-feed-9-juni-2011-merelbeke %N KVCV %1 2030 %2 09/06/2011 %0 Generic %D 2011 %T The occurrence and formation of benzene in foodstuffs %A Catarino Medeiros Vinci, R. %A Joris Van Loco %A Jacxsen, L. %A de Schaetzen, T. %A Michael Canfyn %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A De Meulenaer, B. %K benzene %K food %X Benzene is classified as carcinogenic to humans by the IARC. Several sources may contribute for the occurrence of this compound in foods, such as, environmental and process contamination and the oxidative decarboxylation of benzoic acid in the presence of ascorbic acid and metal ions. Benzoate salts and ascorbic acid may be naturally present or added as food additives. At low pH, hydroxyl radicals are supposed to be the key intermediate for this oxidative mechanism.This paper studied the occurrence and formation of benzene in foodstuffs. Therefore, a sensitive analytical method for the determination of benzene in all food matrices was in-house validated (LOD=0.5 �g.kg-1). A survey of 450 food samples from Belgium showed that benzene was omnipresent. A probabilistic dietary exposure for the adult Belgium population was performed. In addition, since several reactions in foods may give rise to the generation of hydroxyl radicals, their potential to decarboxylate benzoate was evaluated.AcknowledgementsFinancial support by the Belgian Federal Public Service of Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment (contract 08/02 Benzene) is gratefully acknowledged. Datasets %B 241st ACS National Meeting & Exposition : Chemistry of Natural Resources %I 241st ACS National Meeting & Exposition : Chemistry of Natural Resources %C Anaheim, CA, USA %8 2011 %G eng %U http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-1268084 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2011 %T Quantification de la toxine émétique produite par Bacillus cereus dans les denrées alimentaires par analyse LC-MS² %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Joris Van Loco %K Bacillus %K Bacillus cereus %K de %K LE %K PAR %K Quantification %I WIV-ISP %C Brussels, Belgium %8 0/0/2011 %G eng %1 1920 %0 Journal Article %J Food Control %D 2011 %T Rapid analysis of melamine residue in milk, milk products, bakery goods and flour by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: From food crisis to accreditation %A Séverine Goscinny %A V. Hanot %A Halbardier,J.F. %A Michelet,J.Y. %A Joris Van Loco %K Accreditation %K alternative %K analysis %K AS %K Calibration %K chromatography %K detection %K effect %K fat %K food %K function %K IS %K Limit of Detection %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K matrix %K method %K milk %K observed %K ON %K PRODUCTS %K Quantification %K RANGE %K Reproducibility %K Residue %K result %K results %K standards %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K Test %K tests %K treatment %K ultrasound %K UPLC %X A simple and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatographic (UPLC) method with tandem mass spectrometry has been developed and validated for the determination of melamine in milk, milk products, bakery goods, and flour. The method comprises a simple extraction step with a solution of acetonitrile-water, ultrasound treatment and a liquid-liquid extraction with dichloromethane for fat removal. The purified extract is further diluted before injection on a ACQUITY BEH Hilic, with a total run of 2 min. Quantification of the results was performed with isotopic dilution ( %B Food Control %V 22 %P 226 - 230 %8 0/2/2011 %@ 0956-7135 %G eng %N 2 %1 1893 %& 226 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.04.032 %0 Journal Article %J J Chromatogr A %D 2011 %T A rapid and environmental friendly determination of the dithiocarbamate metabolites ethylenethiourea and propylenethiourea in fruit and vegetables by ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. %A Bonnechère, Aurore %A Hanot, Vincent %A Joris Van Loco %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Drug Stability %K Ethylenethiourea %K Fruit %K Fungicides, Industrial %K Linear Models %K Pesticide residues %K Reproducibility of Results %K Sensitivity and Specificity %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K Thiocarbamates %K Thiourea %K Vegetables %X

Previous published methods for the analysis of ETU and PTU are time-consuming and furthermore use dichloromethane (DCM) for extraction or clean-up. This study details the development and validation of a rapid method that combines a simple extraction step with UHPLC-ESI(+)-MS/MS. This is the first application of UHPLC-MS/MS to analyse these compounds. Besides that, we replaced DCM with a more environmental-friendly solvent. The analytical performance was evaluated with the analysis of spiked celery samples at 50 μg kg(-1) (LOQ) and 300 μg kg(-1). The recoveries were between 65% and 90% for ETU and between 71% and 127% for PTU with RSDs in repeatability and reproducibility conditions below 10% for ETU. This method is rapid (a chromatographic run time of 2 min) and can easily be performed (no laborious clean-up). The presented method is environmental friendly with significant reduction in solvent consumption.

%B J Chromatogr A %V 1218 %P 4627-31 %8 2011 Jul 22 %G eng %N 29 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21676400?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.04.083 %0 Report %D 2011 %T Studie van de tafelzoetstoffen en de schatting van de totale inname van geselecteerde zoetstoffen door de volwassen Belgische bevolking %A K. Huvaere %A Joris Van Loco %K Belgische %K de %K zoetstoffen %X Naar aanleiding van een vraag van de Federale Overheidsdienst Volksgezondheid, Veiligheid van de Voedselketen en Leefmilieu, gepubliceerd in het Belgisch Staatsblad, werd het project "Studie van de tafelzoetstoffen en de schatting van de totale inname van geselecteerde zoetstoffen door de Belgische bevolking" uitgevoerd. Deze studie past binnen het Europese beleid waarin elke lidstaat de inname van additieven door zijn populatie dient op te volgen, zoals aangegeven in Artikel 27 van de EG-verordening 1333/2008. %I WIV-ISP %C Brussels %P 149 %8 0/0/2011 %G eng %1 33821 %0 Generic %D 2011 %T Survey study : prevalence of cereulide, the Bacillus cereus emetic toxin, in rice assessed by LC-MS² %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Katelijne Dierick %A Castiaux,V. %A J. Mahillon %A Joris Van Loco %K Bacillus %K Bacillus cereus %K conference %K food %K Food Microbiology %K microbiology %K ON %K prevalence %K study %K survey %B 16th Conference on Food Microbiology (BSFM) 2011 %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2011 %G eng %N Belgian Society for Food Microbiology (BSFM) %1 1921 %2 22-23 September, 2011 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2011 %T Tea brewed in traditional metallic teapots as a significant source of lead, nickel and other chemical elements. %A Bolle, F %A Brian, W %A Petit, D %A Boutakhrit, K %A Feraille, G %A Joris Van Loco %K Food Contamination %K Food Packaging %K Lead %K Nickel %K Tea %X

An environmental inquiry conducted by the Brussels Inter-communal Laboratory of Chemistry and Bacteriology (BILCB) has revealed that in 2000a traditional metallic teapot caused in Brussels lead intoxication among a family of Morocco origin. Following this case study of lead poisoning and subsequent preliminary results carried out by the BILCB, which confirmed the dangerousness of this kind of item, samples of traditional metallic teapots were collected from North African groceries in Brussels by the Institute of Public Health (IPH) in collaboration with the BILCB and the Federal Agency for the Safety of the Food Chain (FASFC). Aluminium, copper, iron, nickel, lead and zinc were analysed to identify metals with a potential to migrate into tea solutions. Simulants (natural tea, tea acidified with citric acid and citric acid) were brewed in those teapots in order to identify the leaching potential of migration at boiling point temperature for different contact periods. Multi-elementary analysis was carried out by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). It was concluded that the concentrations of those leached metals depend on the nature of the migration liquids, the type of teapots and the contact periods. Most teapots showed a high level of toxic metals in leachates for lead and to a less extent for nickel, which can contribute significantly to the risk of serious poisoning. A comparison of the results with the toxicological reference values was done. The teapots were withdrawn from the market by the FASFC.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 28 %P 1287-93 %8 2011 Sep %G eng %N 9 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21749233?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/19440049.2011.580010 %0 Government Document %D 2011 %T Zeevruchten en mariene toxines %A Joris Van Loco %K mariene toxines %K zeevruchten %X Nihil %B Medi-Sfeer %V 373 %P 10 - 11 %8 19/11/2011 %G eng %1 2061 %& 10 %0 Journal Article %J Anal Chim Acta %D 2010 %T Analysis of benzophenone and 4-methylbenzophenone in breakfast cereals using ultrasonic extraction in combination with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS(n)). %A Els Van Hoeck %A De Schaetzen, T %A Pacquet, C %A Bolle, F %A Boxus, L %A Joris Van Loco %K Benzophenones %K Edible Grain %K Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry %K Molecular Structure %K Ultrasonics %X

Benzophenone (BP) and 4-methylbenzophenone (4MBP) are photo-initiators that are generally used to cure ink on carton boards. In this contribution, a fast and reliable method for the determination of BP and 4MBP in breakfast cereals is described. The sample was extracted ultrasonically using a mixture of dichloromethane and acetonitrile (1:1), followed by a clean-up of the extract using solid phase extraction with a silica cartridge. Finally, the extract was analysed by GC-MS(n). Benzophenone-d(10) was used as internal standard. The presented method is validated in terms of linearity, recovery, repeatability and intra-laboratory reproducibility, specificity, limit of detection and limit of quantification. In conclusion, this method is able to detect both BP and 4MBP at very low concentrations (LOD=2microg kg(-1)) in breakfast cereals.

%B Anal Chim Acta %V 663 %P 55-9 %8 2010 Mar 17 %G eng %N 1 %1 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20172097?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.aca.2010.01.044 %0 Government Document %D 2010 %T Benzeen in voedingsmiddelen %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A R. Medeiros Vinci %A Joris Van Loco %K benzeen %K voedingsmiddelen %X Nihil %B LabInfo %V 5 %P 20 - 21 %8 0/12/2010 %G eng %1 2064 %& 20 %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Benzene formation in Foods %A R. Medeiros Vinci %A Jacxsens,L. %A De Meulenaer,B. %A De Schaetzen,T. %A Michael Canfyn %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Joris Van Loco %E University of Ghent %K benzene %K feed %K food %K ON %B Exchange on Open Innovation for Feed, Food and Health %8 0/0/2010 %G eng %N University Gent %1 2000 %2 2010 %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Benzene frequently found in foods. Do we underestimate the exposure to benzene from the food chain? %A R. Medeiros Vinci %A Jacxsens,L. %A De Meulenaer,B. %A De Schaetzen,T. %A Michael Canfyn %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Joris Van Loco %K benzene %K conference %K exposure %K food %K Food Chain %K Foods %K health %B Effost Conference Food and health %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2010 %G eng %N International Union of Food Science and Technology %1 2002 %2 November 10-12 2010 %0 Journal Article %J Analytica Chimica Acta %D 2010 %T Determination of benzene in different food matrices by distillation and isotope dilution HS-GC/MS %A R. Medeiros Vinci %A Michael Canfyn %A De Meulenaer,B. %A De Schaetzen,T. %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A J.L. de Beer %A Joris Van Loco %K acid %K ALL %K analysi %K analysis %K AS %K benzene %K benzoate %K Calibration %K challenge %K CHALLENGES %K conditions %K Design %K detection %K Distillation %K effect %K environmental %K European %K food %K Food Additives %K Foods %K foodstuffs %K Human %K Humans %K IARC %K IS %K Isotope dilution %K legal %K matrix %K method %K occurrence %K ON %K ph %K present %K RANGE %K result %K results %K Salt %K study %K use %K variables %K WATER %X Benzene is classified by the IARC as carcinogenic to humans. Several sources may contribute for the occurrence of benzene in foods, such as, environmental contamination and the reaction of benzoate salts with ascorbic acid (naturally present or added as food additives). Matrix effect on benzene recovery (e.g. in fatty foods) and artefactual benzene formation from benzoate during analysis in the presence of ascorbate are some of the challenges presented when determining benzene in a wide range of foodstuffs. Design of experiment (DOE) was used to determine the most important variables in benzene recovery from headspace GC/MS. Based on the results of the DOE, a versatile method for the extraction of benzene from all kind of food commodities was developed. The method which consisted of distillation and isotope dilution HS-GC/MS was in-house validated. Artefactual benzene was prevented by addition of a borate buffer solution (pH 11) under distillat %B Analytica Chimica Acta %V 672 %P 124 - 129 %8 0/0/2010 %G eng %N 1-2 %1 2348 %& 124 %0 Journal Article %J Chemosphere %D 2010 %T Dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs of the Belgian population. %A Windal, I %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Maleki, M %A Séverine Goscinny %A Vinkx, C %A Focant, J F %A Eppe, G %A Hanot, V %A Joris Van Loco %K Adult %K Animals %K Belgium %K Benzofurans %K Diet %K Environmental Monitoring %K Food Contamination %K Humans %K Polychlorinated Biphenyls %K Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins %K Polymers %K Risk Assessment %K Time Factors %X

The World Health Organization recommends assessing human exposure to contaminants on a regular basis. In order to assess the current dietary exposure of the Belgian adult population to PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs and to update exposure estimates of 2000-2001, a total diet study was designed. The mean dietary intake of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in the Belgian adult population in 2008 was estimated to be 0.72pgTEQkgbw(-1)d(-1) (middle bound concentrations, TEF of 1998) based on occurrence data of 2008 and national food consumption data of 2004. This value is clearly below the Tolerable Weekly Intake (TWI) of 14pgTEQkgbw(-1)week(-1) set by the Scientific Committee on Food of the European Commission and below the provisional tolerable monthly intake of 70pgTEQkgbw(-1)month(-1) set by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Considering the cumulative distribution, the intake was less than 1pgTEQkgbw(-1)d(-1) for more than 80% of the population, and less than 2pgTEQkgbw(-1)d(-1) for the entire population. When using the 2005 TEF instead of the 1998 TEF, the mean dietary intake in the Belgian adult population was estimated to be 0.61pgTEQkgbw(-1)d(-1).

%B Chemosphere %V 79 %P 334-40 %8 2010 Apr %G eng %N 3 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20189220?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.01.031 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2010 %T Estimate of intake of sulfites in the Belgian adult population. %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Temme, E %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A De Wil, M %A Vinkx, C %A Goeyens, L %A Joris Van Loco %K ADOLESCENT %K Adult %K Aged %K Alcoholic Beverages %K Algorithms %K Belgium %K Calibration %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Databases, Factual %K Diet %K Female %K Food Analysis %K Food Preservatives %K Humans %K Male %K middle aged %K NUTRITION SURVEYS %K Sulfites %K Wine %K Young adult %X

An exposure assessment was performed to estimate the usual daily intake of sulfites in the Belgian adult population. Food consumption data were retrieved from the national food consumption survey. In a first step, individual food consumption data were multiplied with the maximum permitted use levels for sulfites, expressed as sulphur dioxide, per food group (Tier 2). In a second step, on the basis of a literature review of the occurrence of sulfites in different foods, the results of the Tier 2 exposure assessment and available occurrence data from the control programme of the competent authority, a refined list of foods was drafted for the quantification of sulphite. Quantification of sulphite was performed by a high-performance ion chromatography method with eluent conductivity detector in beers and potato products. Individual food consumption data were then multiplied with the actual average concentrations of sulfite per food group, or the maximum permitted levels in case actual levels were not available (partial Tier 3). Usual intakes were calculated using the Nusser method. The mean intake of sulfites was 0.34 mg kg(-1) bw day(-1) (Tier 2), corresponding to 49% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and 0.19 mg kg(-1) bw day(-1), corresponding to 27% of the ADI (partial Tier 3). The food group contributing most to the intake of sulfites was wines. The results showed that the intake of sulfites is likely to be below the ADI in Belgium. However, there are indications that high consumers of wine have an intake around the ADI.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 27 %P 1072-83 %8 2010 Aug %G eng %N 8 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20503127?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/19440041003754506 %0 Conference Proceedings %D 2010 %T Evaluation of risk of consuming shelfish contaminated with domoic acid in Belgium %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Joris Van Loco %K acid %K Belgium %K Domoic acid %K EVALUATION %K report %K risk %I WIV-ISP %C Brussel %8 0/0/2010 %@ D/2010/2505/52 %G eng %1 2101 %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Fast and sensitive detection of nicotine metabolites using on-line SPE-UPLC-MS-MS technique %A Koen De Cremer %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Joris Van Loco %K detection %K health %K Human %K metabolites %K POLICIES %K POLICY %B From Human Biomonitoring to Policy: a sustainable 'marriage' between health and environment, %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2010 %G eng %N Vlaamse Gemeenschap %1 1999 %2 Oktober 27-28 2010 %0 Generic %D 2010 %T The LC-MS² as a quantitative tool to investigate the influence of growth parameters on cereulide production by Bacillus cereus in food %A Laurence Delbrassinne %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A Nguessan,E. %A Katelijne Dierick %A N Botteldoorn %A J. Mahillon %A Joris Van Loco %E ICFMH %K AS %K Bacillus %K Bacillus cereus %K food %K growth %K International %K ON %K parameters %K production %K symposium %B The 22nd International ICFMH Symposium - FOOD MICRO 2010 %8 1/9/2010 %G eng %N ICFMH,LUND UNIVERSITY,LMC %1 1916 %2 01/09/2010 %0 Report %D 2010 %T Rapid analysis of melamine residue in milk, milk products, backery goods and flour by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry: From food crisis to accreditation %A Séverine Goscinny %A V. Hanot %A Halbardier,J.F. %A Michelet,J.Y. %A Joris Van Loco %K Accreditation %K analysis %K backery goods %K food %K liquid chromatography %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K Melamine %K milk %K PRODUCTS %K report %K Residue %I WIV-ISP %C Brussel %P 4 %8 0/0/2010 %@ D/2010/2505/52 %G eng %9 Scientific Report 2008/2009 %1 2103 %0 Journal Article %J Biomed Chromatogr %D 2010 %T Rapid method for the confirmatory analysis of chrysoidine in aquaculture products by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. %A Tim Reyns %A Fraselle, Stéphanie %A Laza, Désiré %A Joris Van Loco %K Animals %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Fishes %K Molecular Structure %K p-Aminoazobenzene %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %X

A sensitive and fast method for the quantification of the illegal dye chrysoidine in aquaculture products with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) is presented. Muscle tissues were made alkaline with sodium hydroxide and extracted with ethyl acetate. After evaporation and subsequent defatting with n-hexane, extracts were directly injected onto the UPLC-column. Chromatography was performed on a C(18) column using 0.1% formic acid in water and an acetonitrile gradient within 6 min. Mass spectrometric analysis was performed in the positive electrospray MS/MS mode. The limit of quantification was 0.25 ng/g, which was 30 times lower than the only previously published method with gas chromatographic detection. A complete validation according to the scientific literature and as defined by the European Union was performed. The applicability of the method was shown in the analysis of more than 50 unknown samples in the framework of a monitoring program.

%B Biomed Chromatogr %V 24 %P 982-9 %8 2010 Sep %G eng %N 9 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20082281?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1002/bmc.1396 %0 Generic %D 2010 %T Use of on-line SPE-UPLC-MS-MS techniques to strengthen and economize human biomonitoring studies %A Koen De Cremer %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Joris Van Loco %K Benefit %K benefits %K Human %K Technique %K use %B Human Biomonitoring: Political Benefits - Scientific Challenges %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2010 %G eng %N UBA %1 1998 %2 November 26-28 2010 %0 Journal Article %J LWT - Food Science and Technology %D 2009 %T Contribution of selected foods to acrylamide intake by a population of Brazilian adolescents %A Arisseto Pavesi,A. %A M.C. de Figueiredo Toledo %A Govaert,Y. %A Joris Van Loco %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A J-M Degroodt %A D. Caroba %K 2001 %K Acrylamide %K ADOLESCENT %K Adolescents %K Aged %K an %K approach %K approaches %K assessment %K at %K Boys %K Bread %K Carcinogen %K CONSUMPTION %K contribution %K data %K dietary %K Dietary intake %K Dietary-intake %K exposure %K exposure assessment %K food %K food consumption %K Foods %K Girls %K Individuals %K intake %K LEVEL %K levels %K method %K older %K ON %K percentile %K POPULATION %K Recall %K Salt %K State %K WATER %K work %X Acrylamide dietary intakes from selected foods are estimated in this work for Brazilian adolescents from S+úo Paulo State. The exposure assessment was carried out by combining levels of acrylamide in foods determined analytically by an accredited LC %B LWT - Food Science and Technology %V 42 %P 207 - 211 %8 0/0/2009 %@ 0023-6438 %G eng %N 1 %1 2011 %& 207 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2008.05.024 %0 Generic %D 2009 %T Determination of benzene in different food matrixes by distillation and isotope dilution HS-GC/MS %A R. Medeiros Vinci %A Michael Canfyn %A De Schaetzen,T. %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A De Meulenaer,B. %A Joris Van Loco %K analysis %K benzene %K Distillation %K food %K Food Analysis %K International %K matrix %K symposium %B 4th international Symposium in Recent Advances in Food Analysis (RAFA) %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2009 %G eng %N international Association of environmental analytical chemistry %1 1997 %2 Nobember 4-6 2009 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit.Contam Part A Chem.Anal.Control Expo.Risk Assess. %D 2009 %T Determination of bixin and norbixin in meat using liquid chromatography and photodiode array detection %A Noppe,H. %A S. Abuin Martinez %A Verheyden,K. %A Joris Van Loco %A Companyo Beltran,R. %A H.F. De Brabander %K an %K analysis %K Calibration %K chromatography %K Commission Decision 2002/657/EC %K Decision %K detection %K Development %K dye %K HPLC %K Ion %K IS %K liquid chromatography %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K Meat %K method %K performance %K Quantification %K RANGE %X The development of an analytical method that enables routine analysis of annatto dye, specifically bixin and norbixin, in meat tissue is described. Liquid-solid extraction was carried out using acetonitrile. Analysis was by HPLC with photodiode array detection using two fixed wavelengths (458 and 486 nm). The possibilities of ion trap mass spectrometry (MS) were also assessed. Method performance characteristics, according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC, were determined, with recoveries between 99 and 102% and calibration curves being linear in the 0.5-10 mg kg(-1) range. The limit of quantification was 0.5 mg kg(-1). %B Food Addit.Contam Part A Chem.Anal.Control Expo.Risk Assess. %V 26 %P 17 - 24 %8 0/1/2009 %G eng %N 1 %1 2089 %& 17 %R http://dx-doi.org/10.1080/02652030802322564 %0 Journal Article %J Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %D 2009 %T Estimate of intake of benzoic acid in the Belgian adult population. %A Stefanie Vandevijvere %A Mirjana Andjelkovic %A De Wil, M %A Vinkx, C %A Huybrechts, I %A Joris Van Loco %A Herman Van Oyen %A Goeyens, L %K ADOLESCENT %K Adult %K Aged %K Aged, 80 and over %K Belgium %K Benzoic Acid %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Diet %K Diet Records %K Diet Surveys %K Female %K Food Additives %K Humans %K Legislation, Food %K Male %K middle aged %K Young adult %X

An exposure assessment was performed to estimate average daily benzoic acid intake for Belgian adults. Food consumption data were retrieved from the national food-consumption survey. As a first step, individual food-consumption data were multiplied with the maximum permitted use levels for benzoic acid per food group (Tier 2). As a second step, a label survey to identify the foods where benzoic acid is effectively used as an additive and a literature review of the possible occurrence of benzoic acid as a natural substance were performed. With this information, a refined list of foods was drafted for the quantification of benzoic acid, which was performed by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, optimized and validated for this purpose. Individual food-consumption data were then multiplied with the actual average concentrations of benzoic acid per food group (Tier 3). Usual intakes were calculated using the Nusser method. The mean benzoic acid intake was 1.58 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) (Tier 2) and 1.25 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) (Tier 3). In Tier 2, men exceeded the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 5 mg kg(-1) body weight day(-1) at the 99th percentile. The greatest contributors to the benzoic acid intake were soft drinks. Benzoic acid as a natural substance represents only a small percentage of the total intake. The results show that actual benzoic acid intake is very likely to be below the ADI. However, there is a need to collect national food-consumption data for children as they might be more vulnerable to an excessive intake.

%B Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess %V 26 %P 958-68 %8 2009 Jul %G eng %N 7 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19680971?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1080/02652030902858939 %0 Journal Article %J Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences %D 2009 %T Optimization and validation of a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MSn) method for analysis of corticosteroids in bovine liver: evaluation of Keyhole Limpet beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase enzyme extract. %A Croes,K. %A Goeyens,L. %A Baeyens,W. %A Joris Van Loco %A Impens,S. %K ALL %K analysis %K AS %K Calibration %K Case %K chromatography %K Commission Decision 2002/657/EC %K Decision %K detection %K Detection capability %K European %K European Commission %K EVALUATION %K Hydrolysis %K Interference %K IS %K Lead %K Less %K liquid chromatography %K Liver %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K method %K observed %K RANGE %K Reproducibility %K result %K results %K Sample %K Solvents %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K VALIDATION %X A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS(n)) method for the determination of 12 corticosteroids in bovine liver has been optimized and validated in accordance with the European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. A bovine liver sample was deconjugated with beta-glucuronidase/sulfatase enzyme, extracted with diethyl ether and further cleaned up with Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) before analysis with LC/MS(n). Two different enzyme extracts (originating from Helix Pomatia and Keyhole Limpet) and three SPE elution solvents (ethyl acetate, acetonitrile and methanol) were compared during the optimization. Helix Pomatia is generally known as the enzyme most being used for enzymatic hydrolysis purposes. Nevertheless, when detecting corticosteroids in the low microg kg(-1) concentration range, the Helix Pomatia extract may lead to interferences in the final LC/MS(n) chromatogram. When using the Keyhole Limpet enzyme extract, no interferences were observed and therefore, this extract was the best choice for enzymatic hydrolysis tested in this case. Ethyl acetate was used as elution solvent during the validation procedure since SPE elution with acetonitrile resulted in higher chromatographic backgrounds, while elution with methanol showed less reproducible results. Validation of the optimized method was carried out for 10 of the 12 corticosteroids, giving mean recoveries between 91 and 109%, and repeatability and reproducibility coefficients of respectively maximum 13.7 and 18.0%. The working ranges for the linear calibration curves were 5-20 microg kg(-1) for prednisolone, methylprednisolone and prednisone and 0.5-4 microg kg(-1) for the other compounds (coefficients of determination R(2)> or =0.97). Specificity, decision limit (CCalpha) and detection capability (CCbeta) were for all compounds within the EC specified limits. %B Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences %V 877 %P 635 - 644 %8 1/3/2009 %G eng %N 7 %1 2088 %& 635 %R http://dx-doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.01.028 %0 Generic %D 2008 %T Analysis of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in home produced eggs: levels and sources. %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A G. Eppe %A Nadia Waegeneers %A L. Pussemier %A Goeyens,L. %A L De Temmerman %A Joris Van Loco %E Stuart Harrad %K analysis %K Dioxin %K Dioxin-like PCB %K Dioxins %K Eggs %K environmental %K International %K LEVEL %K levels %K ON %K organic %K PCB %K Pcbs %K symposium %K UK %X not available %B 28th International Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants and POPs %S Organohalogen Compounds %V 70 %P 000898 %8 0/0/2008 %G eng %N Stuart Harrad %1 1956 %2 August 17-22, 2008 %& 000898 %0 Journal Article %J Int J Cosmet Sci %D 2008 %T Analysis of fluoride in toothpastes on the Belgian market. %A Borremans, M %A Joris Van Loco %A Van Den Meerssche, P %A Meunier, J %A Vrindts, E %A Goeyens, L %K Belgium %K Cariostatic Agents %K Chromatography, Ion Exchange %K Fluorides %K Reproducibility of Results %K Sensitivity and Specificity %K Toothpastes %X

We developed a method for the quantitative determination of sodium fluoride (NaF), sodium monofluorophosphate (SMFP) and amine fluoride (AmF) in toothpastes on the Belgian market. Samples were suspended in water and the determination was made using anion chromatography with conductivity detection after chemical suppression. The described ion chromatographic method is an easy and reliable isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of total soluble fluoride content in toothpastes. The analytical repeatability and reproducibility, the matrix effects and the method's decision limit of three different toothpastes containing NaF, SMFP and AmF at a concentration close to the permitted one of 0.15 g % total F are determined. All the samples analysed are in conformity with the Cosmetics Directive 76/768/EC; none exceeds the limit of 0.15 g %.

%B Int J Cosmet Sci %V 30 %P 145-52 %8 2008 Apr %G eng %N 2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18377624?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00425.x %0 Journal Article %J Food analytical methods %D 2008 %T A modified sample preparation for acrylamide determination in cocoa and coffee products %A Arisseto Pavesi,A. %A M.C. de Figueiredo Toledo %A Govaert,Y. %A Joris Van Loco %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A J-M Degroodt %K Acrylamide %K Analyses %K AS %K Clean up %K Cocoa %K Combination %K Complex Matrices %K detection %K i %K identification %K Ion %K IS %K Laboratories %K LC-MS/MS %K Limit of Detection %K Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K method %K ON %K performance %K PRODUCTS %K protein %K purification %K relative %K Reproducibility %K Sample %K Solutions %K Solvents %K time %K VALIDATION %K variation %K work %X A modified sample preparation for acrylamide determination in difficult matrices such as cocoa and coffee by a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method is presented in this work. For the sample pretreatment, different solvents, purification steps, and solid-phase extraction cartridges were evaluated. The analyses were carried out on a µ-Bondapak C18 column using acrylamide-D3 as internal standard. For identification and confirmation of acrylamide, relative retention time and two diagnostic ions were monitored. Good performance of the method was achieved by introducing a protein precipitation step with Carrez I and II solutions and a liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate in combination with solid-phase extraction during the sample clean-up. A limit of detection of 10 µg/kg, a limit of quantitation of 20 µg/kg, mean recoveries ranging from 93 to 99%, coefficients of variation of 3.4% for repeatability, and from 1.7 to 10.8% for within-laboratory reproducibility were obtained during a laboratory validation procedure. %B Food analytical methods %V 1 %P 49 - 55 %8 0/0/2008 %@ 1936-9751 %G eng %N 1 %1 2018 %& 49 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12161-007-9001-4 %0 Journal Article %J Anal Chim Acta %D 2007 %T Calculation of the decision limit (CCalpha) and the detection capability (CCbeta) for banned substances: the imperfect marriage between the quantitative and the qualitative criteria. %A Joris Van Loco %A Jànosi, A %A Impens, S %A Fraselle, S %A Cornet, V %A Degroodt, J M %K Adrenal Cortex Hormones %K Chemistry Techniques, Analytical %K Chromatography, Liquid %K Doping in Sports %K Drug Residues %K Humans %K Linear Models %K Liver %K Mass Spectrometry %K Models, Statistical %K Nitrofurans %K Nitroimidazoles %K Reproducibility of Results %K Sensitivity and Specificity %X

Initially in the Decision 2002/657/EC the criteria for the calculation of the decision limit (CCalpha) and the detection capability (CCbeta) have been estimated as purely quantitative (alpha-error is 1% and beta-error is 5%). In 2004, the European Commission has issued a document to provide guidance for the interpretation of the 2002/657/EC. In this document it is mentioned that also qualitative criteria should be fulfilled. Therefore, the calculated CCalpha and CCbeta must be verified by using fortified samples. The method should be able to detect/identify the target component in 50% of the cases at CCalpha and in 95% of the cases at CCbeta. Analytical methods for the analysis of nitroimidazoles, nitrofurans and corticosteroids with LC-MS/MS have been validated by fortifying blank samples below and above the MRPL. CCalpha and CCbeta were calculated using the ISO 11843 approach. In addition, the frequency of methodical compliance for the qualitative criteria was determined at each concentration level. It was observed that at the calculated CCalpha and CCbeta levels the qualitative criteria were not fulfilled. It was concluded that the detection capability of the analytical method should be calculated by using decreasing fortification levels at and below the MRPL. A protocol validating methods for banned substances by limiting the number of samples is presented and the qualitative criteria for the assessment of CCalpha and CCbeta were verified based on the same set of data without the need of performing additional validation experiments.

%B Anal Chim Acta %V 586 %P 8-12 %8 2007 Mar 14 %G eng %N 1-2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17386690?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.aca.2006.11.058 %0 Journal Article %J Food additives and contaminants %D 2007 %T Determination of acrylamide levels in selected foods in Brazil %A Arisseto Pavesi,A. %A M.C. de Figueiredo Toledo %A Govaert,Y. %A Joris Van Loco %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A Weverbergh,E. %A J-M Degroodt %K Acrylamide %K at %K beer %K Brazilian foods %K Bread %K Carcinogen %K Categories %K Class %K Cooked foods %K Countries %K detection %K food %K Foods %K foodstuffs %K Laboratories %K LC-MS/MS %K LEVEL %K levels %K Limit of Detection %K Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K method %K ON %K Potato %K Potato products %K PRODUCTS %K result %K results %K Sample %K Samples %K Temperature %K VALIDATION %K variation %X Selected carbohydrate-rich foods available on the Brazilian market (111 samples representing 19 product categories) were analysed for acrylamide content using a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. A limit of detection of 10 µg kg %B Food additives and contaminants %V 24 %P 236 - 241 %8 13/2/2007 %@ 0265-203X %G eng %N 3 %1 2017 %& 236 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02652030601053170 %0 Book %D 2007 %T The Determination of Chemical Elements in Food: Applications for Atomic and Mass Spectrometry %A Joris Van Loco %E Caroli,S. %K analysi %K analysis %K application %K applications %K food %K Food Analysis %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K method %K Method validation %K Statistical %K use %K VALIDATION %7 733 %I Wiley %C Rome %P 733 %8 0/0/2007 %@ 978-0-471-68784-9 %G eng %9 M ethod Validation for Food Analysis: Concepts and Use of Statistical Techniques %1 2350 %& 135 %0 Generic %D 2007 %T Dietary exposure of Brazilian adolescents to acrylamide %A Arisseto Pavesi,A. %A M.C. de Figueiredo Toledo %A Govaert,Y. %A Joris Van Loco %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A D. Caroba %K Acrylamide %K ADOLESCENT %K Adolescents %K Congresses %K dietary %K European %K exposure %K Societies %K Society %K Toxicology %B EUROTOX 2007 (44th Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology) %S Toxicology Letters %I NA %C NA %V 172, Supplement %P S190 %8 7/10/2007 %@ 0378-4274 %G eng %N European Societies of Toxicology %1 2013 %2 7/10/2007-10/10/2007 %& S190 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2007.05.481 %0 Journal Article %J Anal Chim Acta %D 2007 %T A downscaled multi-residue strategy for detection of anabolic steroids in bovine urine using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS3). %A Impens, S %A Joris Van Loco %A Degroodt, J M %A De Brabander, H %K Anabolic Agents %K Animals %K Cattle %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry %K Hydrolysis %K Ions %K Methandrostenolone %K Reproducibility of Results %K Sensitivity and Specificity %K Steroids %K Substance Abuse Detection %K Time Factors %K Urinalysis %K Veterinary Medicine %X

Within the scope of the European Community member states' residue monitoring plan, illicit administration of anabolic steroids is monitored at slaughterhouse level as well as on living animals. At farm level, urine is one of the target matrices to detect possible abuse of anabolic steroid growth promoters. Optimisation of the routinely applied analysis method resulted in a procedure for which high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fractionation prior to GC-MS(n) analysis was no longer required. Analytical results could be obtained within 1 day and only 5 mL urine was needed to carry out the screening procedure. Using the downscaled methodology, all validation criteria described in the European Commission document 2002/657/EC could be fulfilled, and the minimum required performance limits (MRPLs) established for anabolic steroids in urine, could be achieved. A higher GC-MS technique's specificity was achieved by detecting the steroids using GC-MS3. Nevertheless, it was decided to screen routinely sampled urine with GC-MS2 whereas GC-MS3 was applied to confirm the presence of anabolic steroid residues in suspected sample extracts.

%B Anal Chim Acta %V 586 %P 43-8 %8 2007 Mar 14 %G eng %N 1-2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17386695?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.aca.2006.09.047 %0 Journal Article %J Anal Chim Acta %D 2007 %T Validation of a method for the detection and confirmation of nitroimidazoles and the corresponding hydroxy metabolites in pig plasma by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. %A Fraselle, Stéphanie %A Derop, Veerle %A Degroodt, Jean-Marie %A Joris Van Loco %K Animals %K Calibration %K chromatography %K Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid %K Dimetridazole %K Drug Residues %K Ipronidazole %K Linear Models %K Mass Spectrometry %K Metronidazole %K Nitroimidazoles %K Reproducibility of Results %K Ronidazole %K Sensitivity and Specificity %K Swine %X

Nitroimidazoles (Ronidazole, Dimetridazole, Metronidazole, Ipronidazole) and their hydroxy metabolites are banned substances with antibiotic and anticoccidial activity. They are suspected to be carcinogenic and mutagenic. Since nitroimidazoles showed an inhomogeneous distribution and a rapid degradation in incurred muscle samples, plasma is the preferred target matrix for residue analysis. The analytical method of Polzer et al. [J. Polzer, C. Stachel, P. Gowik, Anal. Chim. Acta 521 (2004) 189] was adapted for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry detection and was validated in house according to the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. The method is specific for all nitroimidazole except for Ipronidazole and its metabolite, due to interferences at their retention times in chromatograms of blank plasma and reagents samples. The absence of a matrix effect enables the use of a (linear) calibration curve in solution for quantitation. The apparent recovery (obtained after correction with a deuterated internal standard) is between 93% and 123%, except for the metabolite of Metronidazole (58-63%). The repeatability (CVr=2.49-13.39%) and intralaboratory reproducibility (CVRW=2.49-16.38%) satisfy the Horwitz equation. The obtained values for the detection capacity (CCbeta) range from 0.25 to 1 microg L(-1), while values obtained for the decision limit (CCalpha) are below CCbeta.

%B Anal Chim Acta %V 586 %P 383-93 %8 2007 Mar 14 %G eng %N 1-2 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17386738?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.aca.2007.01.009 %0 Journal Article %J Trends in Analytical Chemistry %D 2006 %T The CALUX bioassay: Current status of its application to screening food and feed %A Hoogenboom,L. %A Traag,W. %A Bovee,T. %A Goeyens,L. %A Sophie Carbonnelle %A Joris Van Loco %A Beernaert,H. %A G. Jacobs %A Schoeters,G. %A Baeyens,W. %K adverse effects %K an %K application %K article %K AS %K at %K Clean up %K contaminant %K contaminants %K Decision %K Dioxin %K Dioxins %K effect %K effects %K EU %K European %K European Union %K feed %K food %K health %K Human %K human health %K IS %K Laboratories %K Lead %K Less %K method %K methods %K Monitoring %K ON %K PCB %K Pcbs %K polychlorinated biphenyl %K Polychlorinated Biphenyls %K polychlorinated-biphenyls %K recommendation %K Recommendations %K response %K Sample %K Samples %K SCREENING %K Screening method %K standards %K status %K Strategies %K Strategy %K study %K tolerance %K use %X The CALUX bioassay is at present the best screening method for dioxins and dioxin-like (dl) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in food and feed, and the only assay used in routine monitoring and during larger incidents. Furthermore, the use of bioassays in addition to chemical reference methods allows the discovery of novel contaminants with potentially adverse effects on human health. The CALUX bioassay shows a clear dose-related response both with dioxin standards and contaminated samples, but requires a clear strategy with respect to decision limits, necessary to deal with the many different action and tolerance limits in European Union (EU) legislation. In future, the CALUX bioassay will profit from further optimization, especially with respect to the clean-up procedure. As demonstrated in the limited number of interlaboratory studies performed so far, this should lead to an even more robust assay that can be easily introduced into less experienced laboratories. The present article discusses the different issues, based on some practical examples from the EU-DIFFERENCE project and gives recommendations for future studies. %B Trends in Analytical Chemistry %V 25 %P 410 - 420 %8 0/0/2006 %G eng %N 4 %1 2092 %& 410 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2006.02.012 %0 Generic %D 2006 %T Determination of acrylamide in Brazilian foods by LC-MS/MS %A Arisseto Pavesi,A. %A M.C. de Figueiredo Toledo %A Govaert,Y. %A Joris Van Loco %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A Weverbergh,E. %A J-M Degroodt %K Acrylamide %K Brazilian foods %K Congresses %K developing %K European %K food %K Foods %K Societies %K Society %K Toxicology %B EUROTOX 2006/6 CTDC Congress - 43rd Congress of the European Societies of Toxicology & 6th Congress of Toxicology in Developing Countries %S Toxicology Letters %I NA %C NA %V 164, Supplement %P S268 - S269 %8 20/9/2006 %@ 0378-4274 %G eng %N European Societies of Toxicology %1 2014 %2 20/09/2006-24/09/2006 %& S268 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.07.218 %0 Book %B Applications for Atomic and Mass Spectrometry %D 2006 %T The Determination of Chemical Elements in FoodMethod Validation for Food Analysis: Concepts and Use of Statistical Techniques %A Joris Van Loco %E Caroli, Sergio %K detection capabilities %K food analysis method validation %K matrix interferences and standard-solution-based calibration line %B Applications for Atomic and Mass Spectrometry %I John Wiley & Sons, Inc. %C Hoboken, NJ, USA %8 17/11/2006 %@ 9780471687849 %G eng %N 6 %R 10.1002/978047014100710.1002/9780470141007.ch6 %0 Journal Article %J J.Agric.Food Chem. %D 2006 %T Development of a fast analytical method for the determination of sudan dyes in chili- and curry-containing foodstuffs by high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection %A Cornet,V. %A Govaert,Y. %A G.F. Moens %A Joris Van Loco %A J-M Degroodt %K an %K analysis %K Calibration %K chili- and curry-containing foodstuffs %K chromatography %K data %K detection %K Development %K dye %K Food Safety %K foodstuffs %K HPLC-PDA %K i %K IS %K liquid chromatography %K method %K Mode %K ON %K Quantification %K RANGE %K relative %K Reproducibility %K Sample %K Samples %K separation %K specific %K Sudan dyes %K VALIDATION %K WATER %X A simple and fast analytical method for the determination of sudans I, II, III, and IV in chili- and curry-containing foodstuffs is described. These dyes are extracted from the samples with acetonitrile and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array detector. The chromatographic separation is carried out on a reverse phase C18 column with an isocratic mode using a mixture of acetonitrile and water. An "in-house" validation was achieved in chili- and curry-based sauces and powdered spices. Depending on the dye, limits of detection range from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg in sauces and from 1.5 to 2 mg/kg in spices. Limits of quantification are between 0.4 and 1 mg/kg in sauces and between 3 and 4 mg/kg in spices. Validation data show a good repeatability and within-lab reproducibility with relative standard deviations < 15%. The overall recoveries are in the range of 51-86% in sauces and in the range of 89-100% in powdered spices depending on the dye involved. Calibration curves are linear in the 0-5 mg/kg range for sauces and in the 0-20 mg/kg range for spices. The proposed method is specific and selective, allowing the analysis of over 20 samples per working day. %B J.Agric.Food Chem. %V 54 %P 639 - 644 %8 13/1/2006 %@ 0021-8561 %G eng %N 3 %1 2034 %& 639 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf0517391 %0 Journal Article %J Analytica Chimica Acta %D 2006 %T Optimisation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric method for the determination of acrylamide in foods %A Govaert,Y. %A Arisseto,A. %A Joris Van Loco %A E.M. Scheers %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A Weverbergh,E. %A J-M Degroodt %A Goeyens,L. %K Acrylamide %K an %K analysis %K AS %K Cereal products %K chromatography %K data %K detection %K food %K Food Safety %K Foods %K identification %K Increase %K Ion %K Laboratories %K Limit of Detection %K liquid chromatography %K Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry %K Mass %K Mass Spectrometry %K measurement %K method %K ON %K Participation %K performance %K Potato %K Potato products %K PRODUCTS %K purification %K relative %K Reproducibility %K result %K results %K Sample %K SENSITIVITY %K study %K Tandem Mass Spectrometry %K Term %K Test %K tests %K time %K treatment %K VALIDATION %K variation %X A robust and fitted routine method resulting from an analytical optimisation has been applied for the determination of acrylamide in several foods including mainly potato and cereal products. For the sample treatment, different materials were evaluated for filtration and purification of the extract. To increase the performances in terms of sensitivity, a preconcentration to small volume was introduced before liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry analysis on a µBondapak C18 column using d3-acrylamide as internal standard. For identification, relative retention time and two diagnostic ions were monitored. A limit of detection of 10 µg kg %B Analytica Chimica Acta %V 556 %P 275 - 280 %8 25/1/2006 %@ 0003-2670 %G eng %N 2 %1 2015 %& 275 %R http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2005.09.045 %0 Generic %D 2006 %T Validation of a method for the detection and confirmation of nitroimidazoles and the corresponding hydroxymetabolites in pig plasma by LC-MS/MS %A Stéphanie Fraselle %A Joris Van Loco %A Derop,V. %A J-M Degroodt %E UGent - C. Van Peteghem %K analysis %K detection %K DRUG %K Hormone %K International %K LC-MS/MS %K method %K Nitroimidazoles %K ON %K Pig %K plasma %K Residue %K residue analysis %K symposium %K VALIDATION %K veterinary %B 5th International Symposium on Hormone and Veterinary Drug Residue Analysis %8 0/0/2006 %G eng %N UGhent/Van Peteghem C. %1 2025 %2 16-19 May 2006 %0 Generic %D 2005 %T Determination of benzimidazoles in muscle using the HPLC with simultaneous detection by PDA and FLUO %A Govaert,Y. %A R. Prïve %A Joris Van Loco %A J-M Degroodt %K Anthelmintics %K Benzimidazoles %K de %K detection %K HPLC %K HPLC-UV/FLD %K Muscle %K trend %K trends %B Voedselchemie in Vlaanderen V. Trends in de levensmiddelenanalyse %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2005 %G eng %N KVCV %1 2036 %2 26/05/2005 %0 Generic %D 2005 %T Development of a rapid analytical method for the determination of sudan red dyes in pepper and curry-containing food products by HPLC-PDA %A Cornet,V. %A Govaert,Y. %A G.F. Moens %A Joris Van Loco %A J-M Degroodt %K chili- and curry-containing foodstuffs %K de %K Development %K dye %K food %K Food Safety %K HPLC %K HPLC-PDA %K method %K PRODUCTS %K RED %K Sudan dyes %K trend %K trends %B Voedselchemie in Vlaanderen V. Trends in de levensmiddelenanalyse %I NA %C NA %8 0/0/2005 %G eng %N KVCV %1 2035 %2 26/05/2005 %0 Generic %D 2004 %T Comparison of the results obtained by CALUX bioassay and GC-HRMS for different matrices. %A Sophie Carbonnelle %A Joris Van Loco %A Van Cleuvenbergen,R. %A Van Leeuwen,S. %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Windal,I. %A N. Van Wouwe %A Goeyens,L. %E Wolfgang Rotard %K Comparison %K environmental %K International %K ON %K organic %K result %K results %K symposium %X not available %B 24rd International Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants and POPs %S Organohalogen Compounds %V 66 %P 336 %8 0/0/2004 %G eng %N Prof.Dr.Wolfgang RotardTechnical University BerlinInstitute of Technical Environmental Protection %1 1948 %2 September 6-10, 2004 %& 336 %0 Journal Article %J Talanta %D 2004 %T Importance of REP values when comparing the CALUX bioassay results with chemoanalyses results Example with spiked vegetable oils. %A Sophie Carbonnelle %A Joris Van Loco %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Windal, Isabelle %A Wouwe, Nathalie Van %A Leeuwen, Stefan Van %A Goeyens, Leo %X

Differences between chemical activated luciferase gene expression (CALUX) bioassay and chemoanalyses results are observed. This paper shows that calculations of the TEQ values using REP values instead of WHO TEF values give different results. The REP values do affect the results obtained by the CALUX technique. These differences are more marked for the dioxin like PCB compounds (CALUX TEQ values are lower than WHO TEQ values) than for the dioxin compounds (CALUX TEQ values are higher than WHO TEQ values). The CALUX results were compared with the concentrations of the congeners' spiked into the oil.

%B Talanta %V 63 %P 1255-9 %8 2004 Aug 08 %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18969555?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.05.029 %0 Journal Article %J Talanta %D 2004 %T The international validation of bio- and chemical-analytical screening methods for dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs: the DIFFERENCE project rounds 1 and 2 %A Joris Van Loco %A Van Leeuwen,S.P.J. %A Roos,P. %A Sophie Carbonnelle %A De Boer,J. %A Goeyens,L. %A Beernaert,H. %K ALL %K alternative %K an %K analysis %K AS %K Clean up %K Development %K Dioxin %K Dioxin-like PCB %K Dioxins %K European %K Interlaboratory comparison %K International %K IS %K method %K Method validation %K methods %K ON %K PCB %K Pcbs %K performance %K protocol %K purification %K Research %K result %K results %K Sample %K Samples %K SCREENING %K Screening method %K study %K Technique %K VALIDATION %K Validation study %K Vegetable %X The European research project DIFFERENCE is focussed on the development, optimisation and validation of screening methods for dioxin analysis, including bio-analytical and chemical techniques (CALUX, GC-LRMS/MS, GC %B Talanta %V 63 %P 1169 - 1182 %8 4/6/2004 %G eng %N 5 %1 2093 %& 1169 %R http://dx-doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2004.05.047 %0 Journal Article %J Talanta %D 2004 %T Interpretation of CALUX results in view of the EU maximal TEQ level in milk. %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Joris Van Loco %A Roos, Peter %A Sophie Carbonnelle %A Goeyens, Leo %X

Analyses of dioxins in food have become increasingly important since the European Commission has enforced maximal toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ) levels in various food and feed products. Screening methodologies are usually used to exempt those samples that are below the maximum permitted limit and that can, therefore, be released to the market. In addition, one needs to select those samples that require confirmation of their dioxin TEQ level. When bioassays are used as screening tools, the interpretation of the obtained results should consider the higher variability and uncertainty associated with them. This paper explores the use of CALUX data as quantitative screening results. The validation of the method for the polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD)/F TEQ determination in milk samples is described with emphasis on the decision limit (CC(alpha)) and the precision of the method. The decision limit amounts to 4.53pg TEQ/g fat. Repeatability and within-lab reproducibility coefficients of variation are below 30%. The newly introduced parameter CC(alpha)(*) of 1.47pg TEQ/g fat delimits with CC(alpha) a range of suspicious results. These data are not significantly different from the maximum limit of 3pg TEQ/g fat and should be confirmed by a confirmatory analytical method such as HRGC-HRMS.

%B Talanta %V 63 %P 1241-7 %8 2004 Aug 08 %G eng %N 5 %1 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18969553?dopt=Abstract %R 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.05.034 %0 Journal Article %J Chromatographia %D 2004 %T Validation of HPLC Analysis of 2-Phenoxyethanol, 1-Phenoxypropan-2-ol, Methyl, Ethyl, Propyl, Butyl and Benzyl 4-Hydroxybenzoate (Parabens) in Cosmetic Products, with Emphasis on Decision Limit and Detection Capability %A Borremans,M. %A Joris Van Loco %A Roos,P. %A Goeyens,L. %K Absence %K ALL %K analysis %K Calibration %K data %K Decision %K detection %K Detection capability %K distribution %K effect %K effects %K European %K European Commission %K HPLC %K IS %K Laboratories %K matrix %K method %K methods %K milk %K ON %K Parabens %K performance %K probability %K PRODUCTS %K Reproducibility %K result %K results %K Sample %K Samples %K VALIDATION %K values %X The Commission Decision of August 12, 2002 on the performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of results was applied to the HPLC method for the analysis of parabens, 2-phenoxyethanol and 1-phenoxypropan-2-ol in cosmetic products. This method is published in the seventh Directive 96/45/EC of the European Commission. Non-compliant concentrations, taking into account the data distribution (CCa) and the probability of false negative values (CCß) were determined. The repeatability and reproducibility amount to <4% and <7%, respectively. These values were obtained with blanc samples that were fortified in the laboratory. Calibration linearity was confirmed by absence of lack of fit for all seven preservatives. Matrix effects on the determinations of the preservatives in body milk or shampoo are negligible. %B Chromatographia %V 59 %P 47 - 53 %8 0/1/2004 %G eng %N 1-2 %1 2094 %& 47 %R http://dx-doi.org/10.1365/s10337-003-0127-2 %0 Generic %D 2003 %T An Alternative Method Validation Strategy for the European Decision 2002/657/EC %A Joris Van Loco %A Beernaert, H. %K 2002/657/EC %K Detection capability %K Precision %K VALIDATION %X

Validation; 2002/657/EC; Detection capability; Precision; SUMMARY The European decision 2002/657/EC imposes that each analytical method used for official control of foodstuffs is validated. The methodologies described in the ISO 5725 and the ISO 11843 standards are used to set up an experimental validation plan that minimizes the number of samples without increasing the uncertainty of the performance characteristics. At each level (0.5, 1 and 1.5 times the MRL) minimum 8 samples are analyzed on 3 different days. Recovery, repeatability, within-lab reproducibility, CCalfa and CCbeta are determined simultaneously. The uncertainty of each performance characteristic is not increased since the degrees of freedom are equal or higher compared to the conventional validation plan. Only 24 samples (27 samples for a balanced design) are needed with this validation strategy. INTRODUCTION Validation of the analytical method is required for every method used for the official control of foodstuffs. The validation procedure and the performance characteristics for these methods are defined in the European Decision 2002/657/EC. (1) A performance characteristic is a quality measure of the analytical method. The performance characteristics specificity, accuracy, trueness, precision, repeatability, reproducibility, recovery, detection capability and ruggedness are required by the latter decision. To obtain these characteristics a lot of analytical work has to be performed in the laboratory. It is generally known that validation of analytical methods is a time and money consuming activity. The validation effort can easily be reduced by introducing a smaller number of samples. However this will enlarge the uncertainty associated with the performance characteristic. The increase in uncertainty of the performance characteristics can be avoided by combining the validation experiments. The aim of this paper is to develop a validation plan for a quantitative confirmatory method. A maximum of performance characteristics should be obtained with a minimum of samples without an increase of the uncertainty. EXPERIMENTAL

 

%B Euro Food Chem XII %I Euro Food Chem XII %C Brugge, Belgium %8 2003 sept %G eng %U https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237319519_An_Alternative_Method_Validation_Strategy_for_the_European_Decision_2002657EC %0 Journal Article %J Anal.Chim.Acta %D 2003 %T Estimation of the minimum detectable value for the determination of PCBs in fatty food samples by GC-ECD: a curvilinear calibration case %A Joris Van Loco %A V. Hanot %A Huysmans,G. %A M. Elskens %A J-M Degroodt %A Beernaert,H. %K alternatives %K at %K Calibration %K Case %K estimation %K food %K Impact %K IS %K method %K methods %K MODEL %K models %K ON %K PCB %K Pcbs %K RANGE %K regression %K Regression model %K result %K results %K Sample %K Samples %K Yield %X Electron capture detectors (ECDs) are known to have a limited linear calibration range. It was demonstrated that for ECDs, curvilinear calibration models yield more accurate results. To estimate the minimum detectable value (MDV), the ISO 11843-2 procedure was modified for curvilinear calibration graphs. At first, the graphs were linearized. The MDV was assessed with formulas based on the estimation of the MDV in the linear calibration case. Alternatively, the MDV was determined by a method based on confidence intervals for a second-order calibration plot. There was a close correspondence between the MDVs calculated by both methods. Weighted regression models were used to correct heteroscedasticity. It was found that applying weighted regression decreased the MDV with a factor of %B Anal.Chim.Acta %V 483 %P 413 - 418 %8 0/0/2003 %G eng %N 1-2 %1 33820 %& 413 %R http://dx-doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(02)01533-7 %0 Journal Article %J Accred Qual Assur %D 2003 %T Strategies for multi-site GLP studies %A Joris Van Loco %A Moerenhout,M. %A Beernaert,H. %K Activity %K ALL %K at %K Case %K Case study %K case-study %K Communication %K good laboratory practice %K IS %K management %K multi-site study %K ON %K organization %K Paper %K Planning %K Quality %K QUALITY ASSURANCE %K responsibilities %K S %K Still %K Strategies %K Strategy %K study %K Test %X A GLP study can be performed at more than one site. This is called a multi-site study. Although, the study is performed at different sites, it is still one study and must completely comply with the GLP principles. The fact that different activities are conducted at different sites implies that the planning, the organization and the communication are crucial for the success of the study. This means that all the staff involved should know their responsibilities and should have the knowledge and skills to realize all the phases of the study according to the GLP principles. To achieve a well managed multi-site study, several strategies for setting up such a study can be followed. This paper focuses on the responsibilities, communication, and collaboration of the personnel, which are involved in a multisite study. Several case studies are highlighted, and we concluded that the basic communication triangle in a single-site GLP study between test facility management, study director, and the quality assurance unit should be extended to the communication among test facility and test site management,study director, principle investigator(s), and the quality assurance units at the test sites %B Accred Qual Assur %V 8 %P 67 %8 0/0/2003 %G eng %N 61 %1 2096 %& 67 %R http://dx-doi.org/10.1007/s00769-002-0573-9 %0 Journal Article %J Accred Qual Assur %D 2002 %T Linearity of calibration curves: use and misuse of the correlation coefficient %A Joris Van Loco %A M. Elskens %A Croux,C. %A Beernaert,H. %K ALL %K association %K at %K Cadmium %K Calibration %K Correlation coefficient %K Goodness of fit %K IS %K Lack-of-fit %K Less %K LEVEL %K linear regression %K MODEL %K ON %K Quality %K r %K regression %K Regression model %K result %K results %K standards %K Statistical %K Test %K tests %K use %K VALIDATION %K values %K variables %K Yield %X The correlation coefficient is commonly used to evaluate the degree of linear association between two variables. However, it can be shown that a correlation coefficient very close to one might also be obtained for a clear curved relationship. Other statistical tests, like the Lack-of-fit and Mandel's fitting test thus appear more suitable for the validation of the linear calibration model. A number of cadmium calibration curves from atomic absorption spectroscopy were assessed for their linearity. All the investigated calibration curves were characterized by a high correlation coefficient ( %B Accred Qual Assur %V 7 %P 281 - 285 %8 0/0/2002 %G eng %N 7 %1 2097 %& 281 %R http://dx-doi.org/10.1007/s00769-002-0487-6 %0 Generic %D 2002 %T Validation of the CALUX bioassay: quantitative screening approach. %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A Sophie Carbonnelle %A Joris Van Loco %A Roos,P. %A Brown,D.J. %A M.D. Chu %A Clark,G.C. %A Goeyens,L. %E Joseph Rivera %K approach %K approaches %K environmental %K International %K ON %K organic %K SCREENING %K symposium %K VALIDATION %X not available %B 22nd International Symposium on Halogenated Environmental Organic Pollutants and POPs %S Organohalogen Compounds %V 58 %P 353 %8 0/0/2002 %G eng %N Joseph Rivera,Spanish Council for Scientific Research - Barcelona %1 1939 %2 August 11-16, 2002 %& 353 %0 Journal Article %D 0 %T Simultaneous determination of parabens, bisphenols and alkylphenols in human placenta by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry %A Ilse Van Overmeire %A K. Vrijens %A Nawrot, T. %A An Van Nieuwenhuyse %A Joris Van Loco %A Tim Reyns %K Alkylphenol %K Bisphenol %K endocrine disruptor %K Paraben %K Placenta %K UHPLC-MS/MS %X This study presents de development and validation of an ultra- high performance liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of four parabens (methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, and butyl-paraben (MeP, EtP, PrP, BuP), four bisphenols (BP) (BPA, BPB, BPF, and BPS) and two alkylphenols (nonyl phenol (NP) and tert-octylphenol (OP) in human placenta samples. After a short sample preparation time the extracts are analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS using negative electrospray ionization. Labeled internal standards and matrix-matched calibration are used for quantification of the compounds. The method was validated according FDA guideline for bio analytical methods using spiked samples at three concentration levels (0.5–5 and 25 ng g−1). The parameters accuracy and precision fulfill the criteria. Calibration curves are linear between 0.5 and 50 ng −1. The limits of detection and quantification are in the range of 0.1–0.3 ng g−1 and 0.2–0.7 ng g−1, respectively. The applicability of the method was demonstrated on 71 human placenta samples from a Belgian cohort. The detection frequency was highest for OP (95%), EtP (86%), BPA (49%) and BPS (44%). Among the quantified compounds the highest quantification frequency was observed for OP (85%), EtP (65%) and BPA (25%). The concentrations of parabens ranged from 0.5 to 7.1 ng g−1 for MeP, from 0.5 to 4.5 ng g−1 for EtP and from 0.5 to 9.1 ng g−1 for PrP. The levels of bisphenols ranged from 0.5 to 3.9 ng g−1 for BPA, from 0.6 to 2.1 ng g−1 for BPF and from 0.8 to 1.3 ng g−1 for BPS. BPB and NP were not detected and OP levels ranged from 0.5 to 3.7 ng g g−1. The results demonstrate that the developed analytical method is very sensitive and that levels of several compounds with known /suspected endocrine disrupting properties could be detected or quantified in human placenta samples. The results therefore suggest that fetal exposure to these compounds occurs. The method will be useful for studies to evaluate the health effects associated with this prenatal exposure. %G eng