<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Persoons,D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dewulf,J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smet,A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herman,L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Heyndrickx,M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Martel,A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boudewijn Catry</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Butaye,P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haesebrouck,F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial use in Belgian broiler production</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Prev.Vet.Med.</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">administration &amp; dosage</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agent</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amoxicillin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">an</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animal Husbandry</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Infective Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">antimicrobial use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antimicrobials</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">article</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">bacteria</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgian</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chickens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Combination</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">commensal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSUMPTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">doses</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DRUG</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug Combinations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug Resistance,Microbial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">electronic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">epidemiology</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Face</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Faculty</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">farms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">im</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">incidence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">journal</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">LEVEL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">levels</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medicine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">methods</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Obstetrics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ON</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pathogenic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Poultry Diseases</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prevention &amp; control</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">production</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quantification</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ratio</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">reproduction</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Research Support</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">resistance</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SB - IM</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sulfadoxine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">therapeutic use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">treatment</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trimethoprim</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tylosin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Universities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">university</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">veterinary</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1/8/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">325</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">320 - 325</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of antimicrobials in production animals has become a worldwide concern in the face of rising resistance levels in commensal, pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria. In the years 2007 and 2008 antimicrobial consumption records were collected during two non consecutive production cycles in 32 randomly selected Belgian broiler farms. Antimicrobials were used in 48 of the 64 monitored production cycles, 7 farms did not use any antimicrobials in both production cycles, 2 farms only administered antimicrobials in one of the two production cycles, the other 23 farms applied antimicrobial treatment in both production cycles. For the quantification of antimicrobial drug use, the treatment incidences (TI) based on the defined daily doses (the dose as it should be applied: DDD) and used daily doses (the actual dose applied: UDD) were calculated. A mean antimicrobial treatment incidence per 1000 animals of 131.8 (standard deviation 126.8) animals treated daily with one DDD and 121.4 (SD 106.7) animals treated daily with one UDD was found. The most frequently used compounds were amoxicillin, tylosin and trimethoprim-sulphonamide with a mean TI(UDD) of 37.9, 34.8, and 21.7, respectively. The ratio of the UDD/DDD gives an estimate on correctness of dosing. Tylosin was underdosed in most of the administrations whereas amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulphonamide were slightly overdosed in the average flock</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">35300</style></custom1><section><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">320</style></section></record></records></xml>