<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>13</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefanie Vandevijvere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amsalkhir,S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herman Van Oyen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moreno-Reyes,R.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women: a national cross-sectional survey</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NA</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alcohol</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alcohol consumption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alcohol-consumption</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALL</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">an</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">association</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">at</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgian</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgium</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">blood</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CHILDREN</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">clinic</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clinics</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">conference</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">consequences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">CONSUMPTION</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Countries</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cross sectional</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cross-sectional</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">d</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">data</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Deficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">determinant</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">DETERMINANTS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Europe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">face-to-face</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health consequences</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health outcome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health outcomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">High risk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">HIGH-RISK</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Holidays</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">IS</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Less</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mother</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mothers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multiple</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">national</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neonate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">neonates</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">offspring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ON</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">outcome</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">outcomes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnancy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PREGNANT</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnant women</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pregnant-women</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">prevalence</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">public health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Public-health</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Questionnaire</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">region</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">risk</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sample</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samples</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sampling</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">sampling design</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCREENING</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SELECTED</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">serum</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">smokers</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strategies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Strategy</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">study</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sunscreen</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">survey</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Treat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">use</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitamin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitamin D</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitamin D Deficiency</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WHO</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">WOMEN</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0/0/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Public Health Association</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Malta</style></pub-location><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An increasing number of studies suggest that vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes in mothers, neonates and children. There are no representative country data available on vitamin D status of pregnant women in Europe.  The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Belgian pregnant women and to assess the determinants of vitamin D status in the first and third trimester of pregnancy. The women were selected via a multi-stage proportionate-to-size sampling design. Blood samples were collected and a questionnaire was completed face-to-face. 55 obstetric clinics were randomly selected and 1311 pregnant women participated in the study. The median serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25-(OH)D] concentration was significantly lower in the first trimester (20.4 ng/ml) than in third trimester (22.7 ng/ml). Of all women, 74.1% (95%CI=71.8-76.5%) were vitamin D insufficient (25-(OH)D &lt;30 ng/ml), 44.6% (95%CI=41.9-47.3%) were vitamin D deficient (25-(OH)D &lt;20 ng/ml), while 12.1% (95%CI=10.3-13.8%) were severely vitamin D deficient (25-(OH)D &lt;10 ng/ml). Of all women included, 62.0% reported taking vitamin D-containing multivitamins, of which only 24.2% started taking those before pregnancy. The risk of vitamin D deficiency (25-(OH)D &lt;20 ng/ml) was significantly higher for smokers, less educated women and women who reported not going on holidays to sunny regions. The risk of severe vitamin D deficiency (25-(OH)D &lt;10 ng/ml) decreased for women who reported alcohol consumption during pregnancy, decreased with more frequent use of sunscreen lotion and increased for women who reported preference for shadow. In conclusion, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent among pregnant women in Belgium and this raises concerns about the health consequences for the mother and the offspring. A targeted screening strategy to detect and treat women at high risk of severe vitamin D deficiency is needed in Belgium and in Europe.</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NA</style></issue><custom1><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">36425</style></custom1><custom2><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">NA</style></custom2></record></records></xml>