<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sophie Roelandt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vanessa Suin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steven Van Gucht</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yves Van der Stede</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">S. Roels</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Comparative Tick-Borne Encephalitis (Virus) Surveillance in Belgium 2009-2015: Experiences with Diagnostic Tests, Sentinel Species and Surveillance Designs</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Zoonotic Diseases and Public Health</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tick-borne encephalitis (virus); Wild boar; Roe deer; Sentinel species;</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2017</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">26/07/2017</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;When it is not overtly affecting human beings, the Tick-Borne Encephalitis Flavivirus (TBEV) remains mostly unnoticed during its enzootic cycles within vectors and unaffected animal species. Until recently, Belgium was &amp;ldquo;presumed&amp;rdquo; free of this important neuro-pathogenic virus without any scientific substantiation. Nonetheless, Belgium is clearly at risk of Tick-Borne Encephalitis (TBE) emergence&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;and incursions from endemic zones in the neighboring countries. This comparative review paper describes 5 Belgian veterinary serological studies with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and seroneutralisation tests (ELISA/SNT), in which several surveillance schemes were used (active/passive, risk-/laboratory-/range-based) in classic TBE sentinel species (dogs, cattle, roe deer, wild boar). Additionally, passive syndromic surveillance in two medical laboratories resulted in inconclusive medical data. Details are given on the scientists&amp;rsquo; experiences with available first/second line diagnostic tests and with the different surveillance methods/survey designs. Each of the veterinary studies clearly demonstrated the presence of TBEV-specific antibodies in Belgian sentinels, sometimes even at high seroneutralisation (SNT) titers, while the medical data remain so far inconclusive, despite positive&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;reactions of some patients in some TBEV-tests. These results have substantiated our suspicion of TBEV-presence in Belgium from 2010 onwards and have allowed sentinel comparisons based on &amp;ldquo;suitability criteria&amp;rdquo;. Furthermore, the studies have highlighted the need for further veterinary validation of commercial ELISA tests in comparison to the gold standard SNT.&lt;/p&gt;
</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record></records></xml>