<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lisa Van Wilder</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rana Charafeddine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Philippe Beutels</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Robin Bruyndonckx</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irina Cleemput</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stefaan Demarest</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delphine De Smedt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niel Hens</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aline Scohy</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Niko Speybroeck</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Johan Van der Heyden</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renata T. C. Yokota</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herman Van Oyen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joke Bilcke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brecht Devleesschauwer</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L, 2018</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Quality of Life Research</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">EQ-5D</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health inequalities</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health interview survey</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Health status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">health-related quality of life</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Multi-attribute utility instrument</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Population norms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Visual analogue scale</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-02-2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">537</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">31</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Purpose&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Health-related quality of life outcomes are increasingly used to monitor population health and health inequalities and to assess the (cost-) effectiveness of health interventions. The EQ-5D-5L has been included in the Belgian Health Interview Survey, providing a new source of population-based self-perceived health status information. This study aims to estimate Belgian population norms for the EQ-5D-5L by sex, age, and region and to analyze its association with educational attainment.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Methods&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;The BHIS 2018 provided EQ-5D-5L data for a nationally representative sample of the Belgian population. The dimension scores and index values were analyzed using logistic and linear regressions, respectively, accounting for the survey design.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Results&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;More than half of respondents reported problems of pain/discomfort, while over a quarter reported problems of anxiety/depression. The average index value was 0.84. Women reported more problems on all dimensions, but particularly on anxiety/depression and pain/discomfort, resulting in significantly lower index values. Problems with mobility, self-care, and usual activities showed a sharp increase after the age of 80&amp;nbsp;years. Consequently, index values decreased significantly by age. Lower education was associated with a higher prevalence of problems for all dimensions except anxiety/depression and with a significantly lower index value.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;Conclusion&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;This paper presents the first nationally representative Belgian population norms using the EQ-5D-5L. Inclusion of the EQ-5D in future surveys will allow monitoring over time of self-reported health, disease burden, and health inequalities.&lt;/p&gt;
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