<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angelina Konnova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fien H R De Winter</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gupta, Akshita</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An Hotterbeekx</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matilda Berkell</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Samir Kumar-Singh</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Goossens, Herman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Surbhi Malhotra-Kumar</style></author></secondary-authors><tertiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lise Verbruggen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Greetje Vanhoutte</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Silke Raats</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Isolde Van der Massen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sven De Keersmaecker</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yana Debie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zwi Berneman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Timon Vandamme</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peeters, Marc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peter van Dam</style></author></tertiary-authors><subsidiary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Laure-Anne Teuwen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bart Peeters</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Manon Huizing</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pieter Pannus</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kristof Y Neven</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ariën, Kevin K</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Geert A Martens</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marc Van den Bulcke</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ella Roelant</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">I Desombere</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sébastien Anguille</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Goossens</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evelina Tacconelli</style></author></subsidiary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Predictive model for BNT162b2 vaccine response in cancer patients based on blood cytokines and growth factors.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Front Immunol</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BNT162 Vaccine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">COVID-19</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cytokines</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Neoplasms</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Placenta Growth Factor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vaccines</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2022</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">13</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;BACKGROUND: &lt;/b&gt;Patients with cancer, especially hematological cancer, are at increased risk for breakthrough COVID-19 infection. So far, a predictive biomarker that can assess compromised vaccine-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunity in cancer patients has not been proposed.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;We employed machine learning approaches to identify a biomarker signature based on blood cytokines, chemokines, and immune- and non-immune-related growth factors linked to vaccine immunogenicity in 199 cancer patients receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;C-reactive protein (general marker of inflammation), interleukin (IL)-15 (a pro-inflammatory cytokine), IL-18 (interferon-gamma inducing factor), and placental growth factor (an angiogenic cytokine) correctly classified patients with a diminished vaccine response assessed at day 49 with &amp;gt;80% accuracy. Amongst these, CRP showed the highest predictive value for poor response to vaccine administration. Importantly, this unique signature of vaccine response was present at different studied timepoints both before and after vaccination and was not majorly affected by different anti-cancer treatments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSION: &lt;/b&gt;We propose a blood-based signature of cytokines and growth factors that can be employed in identifying cancer patients at persistent high risk of COVID-19 despite vaccination with BNT162b2. Our data also suggest that such a signature may reflect the inherent immunological constitution of some cancer patients who are refractive to immunotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;
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