<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirena Ivanova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Armen Ovsepian</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leekitcharoenphon, Pimlapas</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anne Mette Seyfarth</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hanne Mordhorst</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Saria Otani</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sandra Koeberl-Jelovcan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mihail Milanov</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gordan Kompes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maria Liapi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomas Cerny</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vester, Camilla Thougaard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Agnès Perrin-Guyomard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jens A Hammerl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mirjam Grobbel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Eleni Valkanou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Janosi, Szilard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Slowey, Rosemarie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Patricia Alba</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Virginia Carfora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jelena Avsejenko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Asta Pereckiene</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dominique Claude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renato Zerafa</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kees T Veldman</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cécile Boland</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cristina Garcia-Graells</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">P Wattiau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Butaye, Patrick</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Magdalena Zajac</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ana Amaro</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lurdes Clemente</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Angela M Vaduva</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romascu, Luminita-Maria</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milita, Nicoleta-Manuela</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrea Mojzisova</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Irena Zdovc</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escribano, Maria Jesus Zamora</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cristina De Frutos Escobar</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gudrun Overesch</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Teale, Christopher</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guy H Loneragan</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Guerra, Beatriz</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pierre Alexandre Beloeil</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Amanda M V Brown</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rene S Hendriksen</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Valeria Bortolaia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jette Sejer Kjeldgaard</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azithromycin resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella from food-producing animals and meat in Europe.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Antimicrob Chemother</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anti-Bacterial Agents</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Azithromycin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Drug Resistance, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epidemiological Monitoring</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escherichia coli</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Escherichia coli Infections</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Europe</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genes, Bacterial</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genotype</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Macrolides</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meat</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Microbial Sensitivity Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plasmids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salmonella</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Swine</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">whole genome sequencing</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2024 Jul 01</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">79</style></volume><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;OBJECTIVES: &lt;/b&gt;To characterize the genetic basis of azithromycin resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella collected within the EU harmonized antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance programme in 2014-18 and the Danish AMR surveillance programme in 2016-19.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;METHODS: &lt;/b&gt;WGS data of 1007 E. coli [165 azithromycin resistant (MIC &amp;gt; 16 mg/L)] and 269 Salmonella [29 azithromycin resistant (MIC &amp;gt; 16 mg/L)] were screened for acquired macrolide resistance genes and mutations in rplDV, 23S rRNA and acrB genes using ResFinder v4.0, AMRFinder Plus and custom scripts. Genotype-phenotype concordance was determined for all isolates. Transferability of mef(C)-mph(G)-carrying plasmids was assessed by conjugation experiments.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;RESULTS: &lt;/b&gt;mph(A), mph(B), mef(B), erm(B) and mef(C)-mph(G) were detected in E. coli and Salmonella, whereas erm(C), erm(42), ere(A) and mph(E)-msr(E) were detected in E. coli only. The presence of macrolide resistance genes, alone or in combination, was concordant with the azithromycin-resistant phenotype in 69% of isolates. Distinct mph(A) operon structures were observed in azithromycin-susceptible (n = 50) and -resistant (n = 136) isolates. mef(C)-mph(G) were detected in porcine and bovine E. coli and in porcine Salmonella enterica serovar Derby and Salmonella enterica 1,4, [5],12:i:-, flanked downstream by ISCR2 or TnAs1 and associated with IncIγ and IncFII plasmids.&lt;/p&gt;

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONCLUSIONS: &lt;/b&gt;Diverse azithromycin resistance genes were detected in E. coli and Salmonella from food-producing animals and meat in Europe. Azithromycin resistance genes mef(C)-mph(G) and erm(42) appear to be emerging primarily in porcine E. coli isolates. The identification of distinct mph(A) operon structures in susceptible and resistant isolates increases the predictive power of WGS-based methods for in silico detection of azithromycin resistance in Enterobacterales.&lt;/p&gt;
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