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H5N1 high pathogenicity avian influenza virus survival in different types of water.

representing average seasonal temperatures in Poland. All tested water samples were filtered before virus inoculation, and one unfiltered sample (Baltic seawater) was also tested. Infectivity was determined ...

The most likely time and place of introduction of BTV8 into Belgian ruminants.

in 2007 and 2008. However, the origin and the time and place of the original introduction have not yet been determined. METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Four retrospective epidemiological surveys have ...

The genome of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 encodes 40 proteins incorporated in mature virions.

cellular proteins. The identification of the proteins incorporated into CyHV-3 virions and determination of the viral genes encoding these proteins are key milestones for further fundamental and applied ...

Expert judgement in a risk assessment model for Salmonella spp. in pork: the performance of different weighting schemes.

DM (each expert’s opinion received equal weight), the user weight DM (weights are determined by the expert’s self-perceived level of expertise) and two performance-based DM s: the global weight DM and ...

Immunologic response of unvaccinated workers exposed to anthrax, Belgium.

Proliferation Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Humans Inhalation Exposure Occupational Exposure T-Lymphocytes Abstract: To determine immunologic reactivity to Bacillus anthrax antigens, we conducted serologic ...

Validation of two real-time RT-PCR methods for foot-and-mouth disease diagnosis: RNA-extraction, matrix effect, uncertainty of measurement and precision.

determine analytical and diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, a thorough validation in terms of establishing optimal RNA-extraction conditions, matrix effect, uncertainty of measurement and precision is ...

Trace elements in home-produced eggs in Belgium: levels and spatiotemporal distribution.

evaluate the levels of arsenic, cadmium, lead, copper and zinc in home-produced eggs, soils and kitchen waste samples of private chicken owners in Belgium, and to determine spatiotemporal differences in ...

Characterization of pathogenic and resistant genome repertoire reveals two clonal lines in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Paratyphi B (+)-tartrate positive.

strains possessed additional virulence determinants. The Salmonella genomic island 1 was only found in O:5 positive strains. Five monophasic Salmonella 4,5,12:b:- lacking the phase-2 flagellar antigen were ...

Accumulation of trace elements in cattle from rural and industrial areas in Belgium.

element concentrations were determined in meat, kidney and liver tissue of cattle, which had resided more than 18 months in areas historically contaminated by emissions from the non-ferrous metal industry ...

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